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Yao D, Wang N, Dai W, Liu Y, Tian K, Wang H, Liu Y. Degradation of benzo [a] pyrene in the soil enhanced by soapwort: The role of soapwort and functional microbial community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131993. [PMID: 37423134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The limited bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils poses a challenge for their biodegradation. We hypotheses soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) as a factory in-situ providing biosurfactant, which could effectively promote the BaP removal by exogenous or native functional microbes. Rhizo-box and microcosm experiments were conducted to analyze the phyto-microbial remediation mechanism of soapwort, a plant that excretes biosurfactants known as saponins, and combined with two exogenous strains (P. chrysosporium and/or B. subtilis) for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-contaminated soils. The results revealed that the natural attenuation treatment (CK) BaP achieved only a 15.90% BaP removal rate after 100 days. In contrast, soapwort (SP), soapwort-bacteria (SPB), soapwort-fungus (SPF), soapwort- bacteria - fungus (SPM) mediated rhizosphere soils treatments yielded removal rates of 40.48%, 42.42%, 52.37%, and 62.57%, respectively. The analysis of the microbial community structure suggested that soapwort stimulated the introduction and native functional microorganisms, such as Rhizobiales, Micrococcales, and Clostridiales, which contributed to BaP removal via metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the efficient BaP removal was attributed to saponins, amino acids, and carbohydrates, which facilitated mobilization, solubilization of BaP, and microbial activity. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of soapwort and specific microbial strains to effectively remediate PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Wei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Kun Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
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Dai X, Liao Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Feng M, Tian Y, Qu Q, Sheng M, Li Z, Peng X, Cen S, Shi X. Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate-Based Micelles for Improving the Hepatoprotective Effect of Baicalin: Characterization and Biopharmaceutical Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010125. [PMID: 36678754 PMCID: PMC9864020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are an important class of surface-active substances. When formulated as an active ingredient or co-used with other drugs, the effect of their surface activity on efficacy or safety must be considered. In this paper, diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a clinical hepatoprotective drug that has long been used as a biosurfactant, was taken as the research object to study its combined hepatoprotective effect with baicalin (BAI). Animal experiments proved that the preparation of DG and BAI integrated into micelles (BAI-DG Ms) had a better protective effect on acute liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride than the direct combined use of the two. From the perspective of biopharmaceutics, the synergistic mechanism of BAI-DG Ms was further explored. The results showed that after forming BAI-DG Ms with DG, the solubility of BAI increased by 4.75 to 6.25 times, and the cumulative percentage release in the gastrointestinal tract also increased by 2.42 times. In addition, the negatively charged BAI-DG Ms were more likely to penetrate the mucus layer and be absorbed by endocytosis. These findings provide support for the rational application of glycyrrhizin, and other saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuyao Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Minfang Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qingsong Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Mengke Sheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xinhui Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shuai Cen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing 102488, China
- Correspondence:
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