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Zou X, Liu Y, Cui M, Wan Q, Chu X. The in vitro intestinal cell model: different co-cultured cells create different applications. J Drug Target 2024; 32:529-543. [PMID: 38537662 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2333877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
As a vitro absorption model, the Caco-2 cells originate from a human colon adenocarcinomas and can differentiate into a cell layer with enterocyte-like features. The Caco-2 cell model is popularly applied to explore drug transport mechanisms, to evaluate the permeability of drug and to predict the absorption of drugs or bioactive substances in the gut. However, there are limitations to the application of Caco-2 cell model due to lack of a mucus layer, the long culture period and the inability to accurately simulate the intestinal environment. The most frequent way to expand the Caco-2 cell model and address its limitations is by co-culturing it with other cells or substances. This article reviews the culture methods and applications of 3D and 2D co-culture cell models established around Caco-2 cells. It also concludes with a summary of model strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wan
- Tongling Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tongling, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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Xu X, Wang Q, Tong P, Li X, Meng X, Wu Y, Yuan J, Chen H, Gao J. Effects of medicine food homologous materials on food allergy-associated factors: intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation and Th2 immune response. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3936-3946. [PMID: 38268027 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergies could be regulated via Th1/Th2 balance, intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, which were considered as food allergy-associated factors. Medicine-food homologous materials (MFHM) were considered as a significant factor with respect to preventing human diseases. To evaluate the associations between MFHM and food allergy-associated factors, two types of MFHM with the remarkable function of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, Gardeniae fructus (Gar) and Sophorae glos (Sop), were chosen. RESULTS By constructing an H2O2-induced oxidative stress model of Caco-2 cells and an intestinal inflammatory cell model of Caco-2 cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-13, the contents of anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD and GSH), inflammatory factor (IL-8) and tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin-1) in Caco-2 cells were determined. Moreover, the anti-allergic effects of digestive Sop and Gar were evaluated by measuring the levels of Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines in the spleen cells of sensitized mice. The results showed that the SOD and GSH were obviously increased and the gene and protein expression of IL-8 and claudin-1 were improved with the incubation of digested Sop. Th2 cytokine was reduced and Th1/Th2 balance was promoted on coincubation with ovalbumin (OVA) and digested Sop in the splenocytes. However, the digested Gar had no effect. CONCLUSION The digested Sop not only had suppressive effects on intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, but also had regulative effects on Th1/Th2 balance. This finding demonstrated that not all of the MFHM with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have anti-allergic activities. The present study may be contributing toward establishing a screening model to identify the anti-allergic MFHM. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- College of Food Science& Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, China
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Chernikova DA, Zhao MY, Jacobs JP. Microbiome Therapeutics for Food Allergy. Nutrients 2022; 14:5155. [PMID: 36501184 PMCID: PMC9738594 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergies continues to rise, and with limited existing therapeutic options there is a growing need for new and innovative treatments. Food allergies are, in a large part, related to environmental influences on immune tolerance in early life, and represent a significant therapeutic challenge. An expanding body of evidence on molecular mechanisms in murine models and microbiome associations in humans have highlighted the critical role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of food allergies. As such, the gut microbiome is a rational target for novel strategies aimed at preventing and treating food allergies, and new methods of modifying the gastrointestinal microbiome to combat immune dysregulation represent promising avenues for translation to future clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the intersection between the gut microbiome and the development of food allergies, with particular focus on microbiome therapeutic strategies. These emerging microbiome approaches to food allergies are subject to continued investigation and include dietary interventions, pre- and probiotics, microbiota metabolism-based interventions, and targeted live biotherapeutics. This exciting frontier may reveal disease-modifying food allergy treatments, and deserves careful study through ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Chernikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Y. Zhao
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Li Y, Duan J, Xia H, Li Y, Shu B, Duan W. Macromolecules in polysorbate 80 for injection: an important cause of anaphylactoid reactions. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:52. [PMID: 35850712 PMCID: PMC9295270 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 for injection (TW80) is a common excipient used for injection whose macromolecular impurities, including those that cause anaphylactoid reactions, are frequently ignored. The main aim of this study was to prove that the macromolecular impurities in the excipient are an important cause of anaphylactoid reactions. Component A (containing macromolecules > 100 kDa), Component B (containing macromolecules from 10 to 100 kDa), and Component C (containing substances < 10 kDa) were prepaired from the original TW80 using ultrafilters. The original TW80 contained numerous substances with molecular weights > 10kD. The original TW80 and Components A and B caused strong anaphylactoid reactions in both guinea pigs and rabbits by intravenous administration. Moreover, the original TW80 and Components A and B even caused strong passive cutaneous anaphylactoid (PCA) reactions and pulmonary capillary permeability. The PCA reaction and increased permeability were partly prevented by cromolyn sodium. Additionally, the original TW80 and Components A and B caused vasodilation and severe hemolysis in vitro. The anaphylactoid reactions were associated with histamine release but not with mast cell degranulation. Nevertheless, Component C almost caused no anaphylactoid reactions or hemolysis and was weaker in the few reactions that ocurred. Taken together, these results suggest that macromolecular substances are one of the main risk factors responsible for anaphylactoid reactions and hemolysis caused by TW80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076, Yuhua Rd., Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Jinlian Duan
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076, Yuhua Rd., Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Heng Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076, Yuhua Rd., Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Yongkun Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076, Yuhua Rd., Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Bin Shu
- Jiangsu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Nanjing Tech University, 30, South Puzhu Rd., Nanjing, 211899 China
| | - Weigang Duan
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076, Yuhua Rd., Kunming, 650500 China
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