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Yuan S, Jiang Y, Chen P, Tu N, Zhou W, Yi Z. Difference in Cd accumulation among varieties with different growth duration corresponding to typical agro-climate condition in rice ratooning system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383428. [PMID: 38779068 PMCID: PMC11109407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The ratoon rice planting area is gradually expanding, but there has been relatively little research on ratoon rice grains contaminated with Cd. Methods In this study, five ratoon rice varieties were selected and divided into three groups according to early-maturity (growth duration: 100-110 days), mid-maturity (growth duration: 110-120 days) and late-maturity (growth duration: 120-130 days) varieties. Field experiments were done to study the differences in Cd accumulation among ratoon rice varieties with different growth duration. Results The results showed that the Cd accumulation and concentration of grains spikelet at each growth stage in the main crop were in the order of late-maturity > mid-maturity > early-maturity varieties. However, the trends in Cd concentration and accumulation in grains spikelet during the ratoon crop were the opposite. Analysis found that as the growth duration of the variety extended, the accumulated temperature and daily average temperature in the main crop increased, which significantly increased the translocation factors of Cd from root, stem, and leaf to grains spikelet, and increased the daily average Cd accumulation rate in grains spikelet. The daily average temperature in the ratoon crop increased as the growth duration shortened. The early-maturity variety had higher Cd accumulation in stubble, which promoted the translocation of Cd from the root, stem, and leaf of the plant to the grains spikelet. Discussion Therefore, appropriately shortening the growth duration of the main crop and extending the growth duration of the ratoon crop are important ways to reduce Cd accumulation in ratoon rice in areas with mild Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenxin Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenxie Yi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Yang W, Mo X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Tang Q, Xu J, Pan S, Wang Y, Chen G, Hu Y. Appropriate Stubble Height Can Effectively Improve the Rice Quality of Ratoon Rice. Foods 2024; 13:1392. [PMID: 38731763 PMCID: PMC11083967 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ratoon rice, the cultivation of a second crop from the stubble after the main harvest, is recognized as an eco-friendly and resource-saving method for rice production. Here, a field experiment was carried out in the Yangtze River region to investigate the impact of varying stubble heights on the grain quality of ratoon rice, as well as to compare the grain quality between the main and ratoon season. This study, which focused on 12 commonly cultivated rice varieties, conducted a comprehensive analysis assessing milling characteristics, appearance, and cooking quality. The results show that ratoon rice crops exhibited a higher milled rice rate and head rice rate compared to the main rice crops. Conversely, chalky rice percentage, chalkiness degree, and amylose content were lower in ratoon rice crops. Principal component analysis grouped eight relevant quality indicators of rice quality which were concentrated into three categories, with amylose content identified as the key indicator of rice quality for distinguishing between different stubble heights. Random forest results reveal a robust and significant correlation between appearance quality index and amylose content. Subordinate function analysis indicated that a stubble height of 30 cm resulted in optimal rice quality, with Lingliangyou 211 exhibiting the highest quality and Xiangzao Xian 32 the lowest. Overall, our study suggests that ratoon rice crops generally outperform main rice crops in terms of quality, with the optimal measurement at a stubble height of 30 cm. This study holds substantial importance for selecting appropriate stubble heights for ratoon rice crops and enhancing overall rice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Yang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xu Mo
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingwen Tang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sujun Pan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yajun Hu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Yang X, Peng T, Xu Y, Gao K, Zhao Q, Song X. Starch molecular structures in relation to properties of ratoon rice produced by different ratooning practices. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121459. [PMID: 37940317 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of forage-grain ratoon rice (RR) pattern could ensure food security and promote silage production. Herein three indica rice varieties were used to investigate the influence of different forage clipping stages (heading, milk-ripe, wax-ripe, and full-ripe) on starch molecular structures and RR properties. The apparent amylose contents (AAC) of starches increased, but pasting viscosities, gelatinization temperatures and starch sizes decreased with the postponement of clipping stages due to the retardation of endosperm development. The starches showed A-type crystalline structure with increased in vitro digestibility; however relative crystallinity decreased by 13.45 % to 23.89 %. The short fa (DP 6-12) chains of amylopectin increased while long fb3 (DP ≥ 37) chains decreased (p < 0.05). The proportions of amylose chains with DP 100-2000 increased but those with DP 2000-20,000 decreased. Rice grain strength was positively correlated with fb3 chains while negatively correlated with fa chain. The hardness of cooked RR was positively correlated with AAC while negatively correlated with fb2 (DP 25-36). RR clipping at milk-ripe stage had the highest grain strength and moderate texture properties. The elucidation of structure-property relationships is helpful for RR utilization and development of suitable cultivation conditions for RR production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Yimei Xu
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Kaige Gao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Zhao Q, Shi XS, Wang T, Chen Y, Yang R, Mi J, Zhang YW, Zhang YM. Identification of QTNs, QTN-by-environment interactions, and their candidate genes for grain size traits in main crop and ratoon rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119218. [PMID: 36818826 PMCID: PMC9933869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although grain size is an important quantitative trait affecting rice yield and quality, there are few studies on gene-by-environment interactions (GEIs) in genome-wide association studies, especially, in main crop (MC) and ratoon rice (RR). To address these issues, the phenotypes for grain width (GW), grain length (GL), and thousand grain weight (TGW) of 159 accessions of MC and RR in two environments were used to associate with 2,017,495 SNPs for detecting quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) using 3VmrMLM. As a result, 64, 71, 67, 72, 63, and 56 QTNs, and 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, and 1 QEIs were found to be significantly associated with GW in MC (GW-MC), GL-MC, TGW-MC, GW-RR, GL-RR, and TGW-RR, respectively. 3, 4, 7, 2, 2, and 4 genes were found to be truly associated with the above traits, respectively, while 2 genes around the above QEIs were found to be truly associated with GL-RR, and one of the two known genes was differentially expressed under two soil moisture conditions. 10, 7, 1, 8, 4, and 3 candidate genes were found by differential expression and GO annotation analysis to be around the QTNs for the above traits, respectively, in which 6, 3, 1, 2, 0, and 2 candidate genes were found to be significant in haplotype analysis. The gene Os03g0737000 around one QEI for GL-MC was annotated as salt stress related gene and found to be differentially expressed in two cultivars with different grain sizes. Among all the candidate genes around the QTNs in this study, four were key, in which two were reported to be truly associated with seed development, and two (Os02g0626100 for GL-MC and Os02g0538000 for GW-MC) were new. Moreover, 1, 2, and 1 known genes, along with 8 additional candidate genes and 2 candidate GEIs, were found to be around QTNs and QEIs for GW, GL, and TGW, respectively in MC and RR joint analysis, in which 3 additional candidate genes were key and new. Our results provided a solid foundation for genetic improvement and molecular breeding in MC and RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Shi Shi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Mi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Wen Zhang, ; Jiaming Mi,
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Wen Zhang, ; Jiaming Mi,
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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