Comparison of pesticide residue and specific nutrient levels in peeled and unpeeled apples

Fates and models for exposure pathways of pyrethroid pesticide residues: A review

Pyrethroids (PYs) are widely applied pesticides whose residues pose potential health risks. This review describes current knowledge on PY chemical properties, usage patterns, environmental and food contamination, and human exposure models. It evaluates life cycle assessment (LCA), chemical alternatives assessment (CAA), and high-throughput screening (HTS) as tools for pesticide policy. Despite efforts to mitigate PY presence, their pervasive residues in the environment and food persist. And the highest concentrations ranged from 54,360 to 80,500 ng/L in water samples from agricultural fields. Food processing techniques variably reduce PY levels, yet no method guarantees complete elimination. This review provides insights into the fates and exposure pathways of PY residues in agriculture and food, and highlights the necessity for improved PY management and alternative practices to safeguard health and environment.

Multivariate response surface methodology assisted modified QuEChERS method for the rapid determination of 39 pesticides and metabolites in medlar

A modified QuEChERS method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established for residue analysis of 39 pollutants (34 commonly used multi-class pesticides and 5 metabolites) in medlar matrices (fresh, dried, and medlar juice). Samples were extracted using water with 0.1 % formic acid: acetonitrile (5: 10, v/v). The phase-out salts and five different cleanup sorbents (including N-propyl ethylenediamine (PSA), octadecyl silane bonded silica gel (C18), graphitized carbon black (GCB), Carbon nanofiber (C-Fiber) and MWCNTs) were investigated to improve the purification efficiency. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) study was employed for an optimal solution of the volume of extraction solvent, phase-out salt, and the purification sorbents for the analytical method. The average recoveries of the target analytes in the three medlar matrices ranged from 70 % to 119 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0 %-19.9 %. Screening of market samples (fresh and dried medlars) collected from the major producing regions in China showed that 15 pesticides and metabolites were detected in the samples at concentrations of 0.01-2.22 mg/kg, and none of which exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set in China. The results showed that the risk of food safety by consumption of medlar products caused by the use of pesticides was low. The validated method could be used for rapid and accurate screening of multi-class multi-pesticide residues in Medlar for food safety.