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Yin F, Ma W, Xu Q, Song Z, Jiang J, Tang Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, Bai Y, Liu M. Cercospora polygonatum, a New Species Causing Gray Leaf Spot Disease in Polygonatum cyrtonema. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2264-2271. [PMID: 38386296 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-24-0327-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study identified a new species (Cercospora polygonatum) that causes gray leaf spot (GLS) disease in cultivated Polygonatum cyrtonema. This fungal species was isolated from the affected region of GLS on P. cyrtonema leaves. Pathogenicity bioassays were conducted based on Koch's postulates. Morphology was examined based on the features of conidiomata, conidiogenous loci, conidia/conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, calmodulin, translation elongation factor 1-alpha, and histone genes were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using the MrBayes tool in Phylosuite. Bootstrap support analysis for phylogenetic placement confirmed the new species, which was significantly different from the closely related species C. senecionis-walkeri and C. zeae-maydis. The morphological characteristics also supported this finding, with the conidiogenous cells of C. polygonatum being considerably shorter than those of C. senecionis-walkeri or C. zeae-maydis. In addition, C. polygonatum was distinguished by its cultural characteristics. As this fungus was isolated from P. cyrtonema, it was named C. polygonatum F.Q. Yin, M. Liu & W.L. Ma, sp. nov. The type specimen (H8-2) was preserved at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center. This is the first report of GLS caused by C. polygonatum on P. cyrtonema leaves in China. The current study enriches the knowledge regarding Cercospora sp., contributes to the identification of a species causing GLS in P. cyrtonema, and provides useful information for the effective management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yin
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
- The Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Qin Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Zhen Song
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Jiamin Jiang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Zixuan Tang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Shaotian Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
- The Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, Chongqing 404120, China
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Maurya R, Misro L, Boini T, Radhakrishnan T, Nair PG, Gaidhani SN, Jain A. Transforming Medicinal Oil into Advanced Gel: An Update on Advancements. Gels 2024; 10:342. [PMID: 38786260 PMCID: PMC11121385 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study delves into the evolution of traditional Ayurvedic oil preparations through innovative strategies to develop advanced gel formulations, aiming at amplifying their therapeutic efficacy. Ayurvedic oils have a rich historical context in healing practices, yet their conversion into contemporary gel-based formulations represents a revolutionary approach to augment their medicinal potential. The primary objective of this transformation is to leverage scientific advancements and modern pharmaceutical techniques to enhance the application, absorption, and overall therapeutic impact of these traditional remedies. By encapsulating the essential constituents of Ayurvedic oils within gel matrices, these novel strategies endeavor to improve their stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery mechanisms. This review highlights the fusion of traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with cutting-edge pharmaceutical technology, paving the way for more effective and accessible utilization of these revered remedies in modern healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Maurya
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur 679531, India; (L.M.); (T.B.); (T.R.); (P.G.N.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Lakshminarayana Misro
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur 679531, India; (L.M.); (T.B.); (T.R.); (P.G.N.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Thirupataiah Boini
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur 679531, India; (L.M.); (T.B.); (T.R.); (P.G.N.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Thulasi Radhakrishnan
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur 679531, India; (L.M.); (T.B.); (T.R.); (P.G.N.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Parvathy G. Nair
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur 679531, India; (L.M.); (T.B.); (T.R.); (P.G.N.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Sudesh N. Gaidhani
- National Ayurveda Research Institute for Panchakarma, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur 679531, India; (L.M.); (T.B.); (T.R.); (P.G.N.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
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O'Leary MF, Jackman SR, Bowtell JL. Shatavari supplementation in postmenopausal women alters the skeletal muscle proteome and pathways involved in training adaptation. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:869-879. [PMID: 38214710 PMCID: PMC10948523 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shatavari is an understudied, widely available herbal supplement. It contains steroidal saponins and phytoestrogens. We previously showed that six weeks of shatavari supplementation improved handgrip strength and increased markers of myosin contractile function. Mechanistic insights into shatavari's actions are limited. Therefore, we performed proteomics on vastus lateralis (VL) samples that remained from our original study. METHODS In a randomised double-blind trial, women (68.5 ± 6 years) ingested either placebo or shatavari (equivalent to 26,500 mg/d fresh weight) for six weeks. Tandem mass tag global proteomic analysis of VL samples was conducted (N = 7 shatavari, N = 5 placebo). Data were normalized to total peptides and scaled using a reference sample. Data were filtered using a 5% FDR. For each protein, the pre to post supplementation difference was expressed as log2 fold change. Welch's t tests with Benjamini-Hochberg corrections were performed for each protein. Pathway enrichment (PADOG, CAMERA) was interrogated in Reactome (v85). RESULTS No individual protein was significantly different between supplementation conditions. Both PADOG and CAMERA indicated that pathways related to (1) Integrin/MAPK signalling, (2) metabolism/insulin secretion; (3) cell proliferation/senescence/DNA repair/cell death; (4) haemostasis/platelets/fibrin; (5) signal transduction; (6) neutrophil degranulation and (7) chemical synapse function were significantly upregulated. CAMERA indicated pathways related to translation/amino acid metabolism, viral infection, and muscle contraction were downregulated. CONCLUSION Our analyses indicate that shatavari may support muscle adaptation responses to exercise. These data provide useful signposts for future investigation of shatavari's utility in conserving and enhancing musculoskeletal function in older age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05025917 30/08/21, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F O'Leary
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Sarah R Jackman
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joanna L Bowtell
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Liu W, Sun M, He Y, Guo Q, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang G. Quality Evaluation of Asparagus officinalis by Profile of Amino Acids and Mineral Elements in Different Parts Combined with Chemometrics Methods. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301754. [PMID: 38348931 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Asparagus officinalis has a homologous value in medicine and vegetables. Its immature stem, commonly called asparagus, is a central edible part. Asparagus skin and leaf also contain rich nutrients. However, these parts are often discarded. This study investigated amino acid and mineral elements in immature stem, skinless asparagus, asparagus skin, and leaf. Their quality was further evaluated by chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis and neural network analysis. The results showed amino acid content was high in immature stem and skinless asparagus and low in leaf, whereas the mineral elements were in four parts. Quality evaluation results showed four parts were divided into three grades. Immature stem and skinless asparagus were grouped into cluster 1 with the best quality as high-quality raw materials in food and health-care products. Meanwhile, three AA (Cys, His, Arg) and two mineral elements (Na, Cr) were identified as quality evaluation iconic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yinglong He
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Henan Fengcai Agricultural Development Co. LTD., Sui County, 476900, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Henan Huamiao Agricultural Development Co. LTD., Hebi, 458030, P. R. China
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Jimoh MA, Jimoh MO, Bello M, Raimi IO, Okunlola GO, Mkhwanazi N, Laubscher CP. In vitro anti-HIV, cytotoxicity and nutritional analysis of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae). BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38216975 PMCID: PMC10785464 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral therapy has brought a tremendous relief to the world as it minimizes mortality, reduces HIV transmission, and suppresses progression in infected patients. However, the orthodox antiretroviral therapy is faced with limitations which have necessitated a continuous search for more novel plant-based antiviral compounds, which can bypass the existing barriers created by drug resistance and target more viral proteins. Despite the edibility and enormous pharmacological benefits of T. portulacastrum, little is known about its nutrient profiles and potential use as a natural source of antiviral drug. This study focuses on the full feed analysis and anti-HIV potential of two biotypes of T. portulacastrum. Ethanolic extracts of both biotypes of T. portulacastrum (T01 and T02) had significant inhibitory effects on the level of replication of the HIV-1. Both extracts induced the inhibition of at least 50% of the HIV-1 viral load at considerably low IC50 values of 1.757 mg/mL (T01) and 1.205 mg/mL (T02) which is comparable to the AZT standard. The protein composition ranged between 8.63-22.69%; fat (1.84-4.33%); moisture (7.89-9.04%); fibre (23.84-49.98%); and carbohydrate content (38.54-70.14%). Mineral contents of tested T. portulacastrum varied considerably in different parts of the plant. Nitrogen N mineral ranged between 13.8-36.3 mg/g; sodium Na (2.0-14.0 mg/g); potassium K (14.0-82.0 mg/g); magnesium Mg (2.8-7.1 mg/g); calcium Ca (9.1-24.7 mg/g); phosphorus P (1.3-3.6 mg/g); iron Fe (193.5-984.0 ppm); zinc Zn (42.5-96.0 ppm); manganese Mn (28.5-167.5 ppm); and copper Cu (2.0-8.5 ppm). These mineral values are comparable or higher than values quoted for common vegetables, suggesting that T. portulacastrum is a nutrient-dense vegetable that could provide alternative sources of antiviral nutrients to HIV-infected individuals. Further studies are recommended to unravel key metabolites responsible for high nutrient profiles and antiretroviral effects in T. portulacastrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhali Olaide Jimoh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
- Department of Plant Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
| | - Mujidat Bello
- National Biotechnology Development Agency, Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Nompumelelo Mkhwanazi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4013, South Africa
| | - Charles Petrus Laubscher
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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