Nutritional composition and condensed tannin concentration changes as browse leaves become litter

[Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer]

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung tumor diagnoses. Squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC) is a common pathological type, almost 20%-30% of NSCLC. Surgery, chemotherapy, and molecular targeted therapies are the mainstay of treatment for patients with SQCLC. But most patients are diagnosed at advanced stage so that they miss the chance of operation. While noteworthy outcomes have improved with adenocarcinoma of lung with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), a therapeutic plateau for advanced squamous cell lung cancer patients are still not solved. EGFR-TKIs are unsuitable for or mostly ineffective in advanced SQCLC. Patients with advanced SQCLC ramain treated with platinum based chemotherapy. This reciew systematicly describe the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Appropriate larval food quality and quantity for Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is a globally invasive prominent vector of viral and parasitic pathogens. To soundly guide insecticide use in control programs it is crucial to use standardized test systems under rigorously controlled environmental conditions that allow for comparisons across laboratories. An acute standard test procedure (24 h) for insecticide resistance monitoring of mosquitoes has been published by the World Health Organization in 1998, but a standardized chronic test to monitor sublethal insecticide effects on the life cycle of mosquitoes does not yet exist. As a first step toward a standardized chronic bioassay (half-life-cycle-test), the exclusion of qualitative and quantitative food effects by means of standardized, optimal larval feeding would greatly facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons. Against this background we evaluated food qualities and quantities for the aquatic part of the A. albopictus life cycle under different thermal conditions. Five mg TetraMin (Tetra, Melle, Germany) larva(-1) at 25 degrees C rendered the lowest mortality and large pupae. Our fundamental data on A. albopictus feeding provide an opportunity to standardize experiments and thus support interlaboratory comparisons of studies on the ecotoxicology of this dangerous vector mosquito.