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Baptista Pereira D, de Souza Alves N, Oliveira Silva E, de Menezes Epifanio NM, Siqueira de Almeida Chaves D. Extraction Kinetics of Brazilian Green Propolis and Chemical Characterization of its Volatiles. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400610. [PMID: 38781510 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural resinous product produced by Apis mellifera bees from the exudates of various plants. The color of propolis (green) is a consequence of its botanical origin, as bees collect young tissues and leaves of Baccaris dracunculifolia. This study evaluated the chemical composition and extraction kinetics of essential oils obtained from Brazilian green propolis by hydrodistillation. Hydrodistillation was performed for 360 min and analyzed at different times (30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min), allowing the calculation of the accumulated content (% w/w) and the identification of the essential oil chemical profile. The GC/FID and GC/MS analysis led to the annotation of 60 compounds with estragole (13.30 %), benzyl propanoate (14.59 %), and (E)-nerolidol (13.57 %) as the main compounds. The optimum conditions for extraction of phenylpropanoids (PP), hydrocarbons (HD), monoterpenes (MT), and oxygenated monoterpenes (OMT) are between 30 and 120 min. In comparison, sesquiterpenes (ST) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OST) are extracted more efficiently between 240 and 360 min. The optimal extraction speed determination is essential for industrial-scale processing to obtain components such as sesquiterpenes, which have a high economic value in the cosmetic/perfumery and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Baptista Pereira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Química, Programa de pós-graduação em Química, Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nataly de Souza Alves
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Eliane Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia., Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Salvador/Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Química, Programa de pós-graduação em Química, Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Federal rural do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Ribeiro IS, Muniz IPR, Galantini MPL, Gonçalves CV, Lima PHB, Silva ES, Silva NR, Rosa FCS, Rosa LP, Costa DJ, Amaral JG, da Silva RAA. Characterization of Brazilian green propolis as a photosensitizer for LED light-induced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2877-2890. [PMID: 37923909 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the primary cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Its significant adaptability and the development of resistance are the main factors linked to its spread and the challenges in its treatment. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy emerges as a promising alternative. This work aimed to characterize the antimicrobial photodynamic activity of Brazilian green propolis, along with the key bioactive compounds associated with this activity. Initially, a scanning spectrometry was conducted to assess the wavelengths with the potential to activate green propolis. Subsequently, reference strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300) and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA ATCC 700699) were exposed to varying concentrations of green propolis: 1 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 50 µg /mL and 100 µg/mL and were stimulated by blue, green or red LED light. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, along with classic molecular networking analysis, was performed to identify potential bioactive molecules with photodynamic activity. Brazilian green propolis exhibits a pronounced absorption peak and heightened photo-responsiveness when exposed to blue light within the range of 400 nm and 450 nm. This characteristic reveals noteworthy significant photodynamic activity against MRSA and VISA at concentrations from 5 µg/mL. Furthermore, the propolis comprises compounds like curcumin and other flavonoids sourced from flavone, which possess the potential for photodynamic activity and other antimicrobial functions. Consequently, Brazilian green propolis holds promise as an excellent bactericidal agent, displaying a synergistic antibacterial property enhanced by light-induced photodynamic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Souza Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Paulo Freire, 250 Praça Joana Angélica, Bairro São José, 45.988-058, Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Igor Pereira Ribeiro Muniz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Maria Poliana Leite Galantini
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Caroline Vieira Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Paulo Henrique Bispo Lima
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Emely Soares Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Nathalia Rosa Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Francine Cristina Silva Rosa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Luciano Pereira Rosa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Dirceu Joaquim Costa
- Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Av. Edmundo Silveira Flores, 27-43-Lot, Alto da Boa Vista, CEP: 45029-066, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Juliano Geraldo Amaral
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Robson Amaro Augusto da Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil.
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Bertotto C, Bilck AP, Yamashita F, Anjos O, Bakar Siddique MA, Harrison SM, Brunton NP, Carpes ST. Development of a biodegradable plastic film extruded with the addition of a Brazilian propolis by-product. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kasote D, Bankova V, Viljoen AM. Propolis: chemical diversity and challenges in quality control. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:1887-1911. [PMID: 35645656 PMCID: PMC9128321 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Propolis is a resinous natural product produced by honeybees using beeswax and plant exudates. The chemical composition of propolis is highly complex, and varies with region and season. This inherent chemical variability presents several challenges to its standardisation and quality control. The present review was aimed at highlighting marker compounds for different types of propolis, produced by the species Apis mellifera, from different geographical origins and that display different biological activities, and to discuss strategies for quality control. Over 800 compounds have been reported in the different propolises such as temperate, tropical, birch, Mediterranean, and Pacific propolis; these mainly include alcohols, acids and their esters, benzofuranes, benzopyranes, chalcones, flavonoids and their esters, glycosides (flavonoid and diterpene), glycerol and its esters, lignans, phenylpropanoids, steroids, terpenes and terpenoids. Among these, flavonoids (> 140), terpenes and terpenoids (> 160) were major components. A broad range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities, have been ascribed to propolis constituents, as well as the potential of these compounds to be biomarkers. Several analytical techniques, including non-separation and separation methods have been described in the literature for the quality control assessment of propolis. Mass spectrometry coupled with separation methods, followed by chemometric analysis of the data, was found to be a valuable tool for the profiling and classification of propolis samples, including (bio)marker identification. Due to the rampant chemotypic variability, a multiple-marker assessment strategy considering geographical and biological activity marker(s) with chemometric analysis may be a promising approach for propolis quality assessment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kasote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
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Mendez-Pfeiffer P, Juarez J, Hernandez J, Taboada P, Virués C, Valencia D, Velazquez C. Nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for propolis: A therapeutic approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Essential Oils Extracted from Organic Propolis Residues: An Exploratory Analysis of Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties and Volatile Profile. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154694. [PMID: 34361848 PMCID: PMC8347542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial processing of crude propolis generates residues. Essential oils (EOs) from propolis residues could be a potential source of natural bioactive compounds to replace antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants in pig production. In this study, we determined the antibacterial/antioxidant activity of EOs from crude organic propolis (EOP) and from propolis residues, moist residue (EOMR), and dried residue (EODR), and further elucidated their chemical composition. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their volatile profile was tentatively identified by GC-MS. All EOs had an antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum as they caused disturbances on the growth kinetics of both bacteria. However, EODR had more selective antibacterial activity, as it caused a higher reduction in the maximal culture density (D) of E. coli (86.7%) than L. plantarum (46.9%). EODR exhibited mild antioxidant activity, whereas EOMR showed the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS = 0.90 μmol TE/mg, FRAP = 463.97 μmol Fe2+/mg) and phenolic content (58.41 mg GAE/g). Each EO had a different chemical composition, but α-pinene and β-pinene were the major compounds detected in the samples. Interestingly, specific minor compounds were detected in a higher relative amount in EOMR and EODR as compared to EOP. Therefore, these minor compounds are most likely responsible for the biological properties of EODR and EOMR. Collectively, our findings suggest that the EOs from propolis residues could be resourcefully used as natural antibacterial/antioxidant additives in pig production.
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Correa FT, van Mullem JJ, Correa PT, de Abreu LR, Carneiro JDDS, Pinto SM. Development of cheese wrapped in barks of reforestation trees. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2018.1509755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia Teixeira Correa
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ronaldo de Abreu
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Maria Pinto
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Determination of biologically active phenolic compounds in propolis by LC–MS/MS according to seasons and altitudes. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Silva JB, Paiva KA, Costa KM, Viana GA, Araújo Júnior HN, Bezerra LS, Freitas CI, Batista JS. Hepatoprotective and antineoplastic potencial of red propolis produced by the bees Apis mellifera in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the honey bee Apis mellifera ethanolic extract of the red propolis, obtained in four municipalities of the Rio Grande do Norte semi-arid region, through an in vitro evaluation of the antineoplastic potential in human hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) and normal cell lines (L929), and from the comet assay in hepatic cell lines (ZF-L hepatocytes) to evaluate the genoprotective potential of the extract. The hepatoprotective effect was also evaluated in vivo by the induction of chronic experimental hepatic lesions in rodents (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769), Wistar line, by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) at the dose of 0.2g/kg. The animals were distributed in the following experimental groups: G1 (control), G2 (treated with 500mg/kg ethanolic extract of propolis), G3 (treated with 500mg/kg of ethanolic extract and TAA) and G4 (treated with TAA). All rats were submitted to serum biochemical, macroscopic, histological and stereological biochemical exams of the liver. It was verified the genoprotective effect of red propolis since the mean damages promoted to DNA in cells tested with the extract were significantly lower than the mean of the positive control damage (hydrogen peroxide). The red propolis extract did not present cytotoxic activity to the tumor cells of human liver cancer, as well as to normal ones. The absence of cytotoxicity in normal cells may indicate safety in the use of the propolis extract. The results of the serum biochemical evaluation showed that the serum levels of the aminotransferase enzymes (AST) did not differ significantly between G1, G2 and G3 when compared to each other. G4 showed significant increase in levels compared to the other groups, indicating that the administration of the extract did not cause liver toxicity, as well as exerted hepatoprotective effect against the hepatic damage induced by TAA. The G3 and G4 animals developed cirrhosis, but in G3 the livers were characterized by the presence of small regenerative nodules and level with the surface of the organ, whereas in G4 the livers showed large regenerative nodules. The livers of the G1 and G2 animals presented normal histological appearance, whereas the livers of the G3 animals showed regenerative nodules surrounded by thin septa of connective tissue, and in G4 the regenerative nodules were surrounded by thick septa fibrous connective tissue. The analysis of the hepatic tissues by means of stereology showed that there was no statistical difference between the percentage of hepatocytes, sinusoids, and collagens in G1 and G2. In G3 the percentage of hepatocytes, sinusoids, and collagen did not differ significantly from the other groups. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of the red propolis exerted a hepatoprotective effect, because it promoted in vitro reduction of the damage to the DNA of liver cells, antineoplastic activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and did not exert cytotoxic effect in normal cells or was able to reduce liver enzyme activity and the severity of cirrhosis induced by TAA in vivo.
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Papachristoforou A, Koutouvela E, Menexes G, Gardikis K, Mourtzinos I. Photometric Analysis of Propolis from the Island of Samothraki, Greece. The Discovery of Red Propolis. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900146. [PMID: 31081187 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Propolis presents notable and variable antioxidant activity depending on the territory and the local flora. As a result, propolis collected from areas presenting botanical diversity can become an intriguing research field. In the present study, we examined propolis from different areas of Samothraki, a small Greek island in the north-eastern Aegean Sea, considered a hot-spot of plant biodiversity. The analysis of propolis samples presented huge variability in the antioxidant activity, the total polyphenol content and the total flavonoids content. Propolis from two areas presented high antioxidant activity with a maximum at 1741.48 μmol of Trolox equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight, very high polyphenol content, 378.73 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight, and high flavonoid content with a maximum concentration of 70.31 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight. The samples that presented the best qualitative characteristics were all red propolis which is a type that has never been reported in any part of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Papachristoforou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, GR-81400, Lemnos, Greece.,Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Evgenia Koutouvela
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Menexes
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Mourtzinos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of, Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Hochheim S, Guedes A, Faccin-Galhardi L, Rechenchoski DZ, Nozawa C, Linhares RE, Filho HHDS, Rau M, Siebert DA, Micke G, Cordova CMMD. Determination of phenolic profile by HPLC–ESI-MS/MS, antioxidant activity, in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-herpetic activity of propolis from the Brazilian native bee Melipona quadrifasciata. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Headspace analysis and characterisation of South African propolis volatile compounds using GCxGC–ToF–MS. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Santos DAD, Munari FM, Frozza CODS, Moura S, Barcellos T, Henriques JAP, Roesch-Ely M. Brazilian red propolis extracts: study of chemical composition by ESI-MS/MS (ESI+) and cytotoxic profiles against colon cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Profile of Polyphenolic and Essential Oil Composition of Polish Propolis, Black Poplar and Aspens Buds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061262. [PMID: 29799463 PMCID: PMC6099949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied similarities and differences between 70% ethanol in water extract (70EE) and essential oils (EOs) obtained from propolis, black poplars (Populus nigra L.) and aspens (P. tremula L.) to ascertain which of these is a better indicator of the plant species used by bees to collect propolis precursors. Composition of 70EE was analyzed by UPLC-PDA-MS, while GC-MS was used to research the EOs. Principal component analyses (PCA) and calculations of Spearman's coefficient rank were used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis exhibited correlation between chemical compositions of propolis and Populus buds' 70EE. In the case of EOs, results were less clear. Compositions of black poplars, aspens EOs and propolises have shown more variability than 70EE. Different factors such as higher instability of EOs compared to 70EE, different degradation pattern of benzyl esters to benzoic acid, differences in plant metabolism and bees' preferences may be responsible for these phenomena. Our research has therefore shown that 70EE of propolis reflected the composition of P. nigra or complex aspen⁻black poplar origin.
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Jihene A, Karoui IJ, Ameni A, Hammami M, Abderrabba M. Volatile Compounds Analysis of Tunisian Propolis and Its Antifungal Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2018.66009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Propolis reversed cigarette smoke-induced emphysema through macrophage alternative activation independent of Nrf2. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5557-5568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Czyżewska U, Konończuk J, Teul J, Drągowski P, Pawlak-Morka R, Surażyński A, Miltyk W. Verification of Chemical Composition of Commercially Available Propolis Extracts by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis. J Med Food 2015; 18:584-91. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Czyżewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Konończuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Teul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Drągowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego, Bialystok, Poland
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Boeing JS, Barizão EO, E Silva BC, Montanher PF, de Cinque Almeida V, Visentainer JV. Evaluation of solvent effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities from the berries: application of principal component analysis. Chem Cent J 2014; 8:48. [PMID: 25246942 PMCID: PMC4158270 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-014-0048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effect of the solvent on the extraction of antioxidant compounds from black mulberry (Morus nigra), blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Different extracts of each berry were evaluated from the determination of total phenolic content, anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity, and data were applied to the principal component analysis (PCA) to gain an overview of the effect of the solvent in extraction method. Results For all the berries analyzed, acetone/water (70/30, v/v) solvent mixture was more efficient solvent in the extracting of phenolic compounds, and methanol/water/acetic acid (70/29.5/0.5, v/v/v) showed the best values for anthocyanin content. Mixtures of ethanol/water (50/50, v/v), acetone water/acetic acid (70/29.5/0.5, v/v/v) and acetone/water (50/50, v/v) presented the highest antioxidant capacities for black mulberries, blackberries and strawberries, respectively. Conclusion Antioxidants extractions are extremely affected by the solvent combination used. In addition, the obtained extracts with the organic solvent-water mixtures were distinguished from the extracts obtained with pure organic solvents, through the PCA analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-014-0048-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatriz Costa E Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14800-060 Brazil
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Chemometric analysis of volatiles of propolis from different regions using static headspace GC-MS. OPEN CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-014-0521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSix samples of propolis were analyzed in the paper: a sample from Brazil, Estonia, China and three samples from different locations of Uruguay. Static headspace technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis has been applied for the determination of the characteristic volatile profile with the aim to differentiate the propolis from different regions. Monoterpenes (α- and β-pinenes) were predominant in all samples, except the sample from China. This sample separated itself by the alcohols 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, (40.33% and 11.57%, respectively) and ester 4-penten-1-yl acetate (9.04%). α-Pinene and β-pinene composed 64.59–77.56% of volatiles in Brazilian and Uruguayan propolis, and 29.43% in Estonian propolis. Brazilian propolis was distinguished by a high amount of β-methyl crotonaldehyde (10.11%), one of Uruguayan samples 3- by limonene (15.58%), and the Estonian sample — by eucalyptol (25.95%). Statistical investigation of the samples was made applying principal component, hierarchical cluster and K-Means cluster analyses. Various data pre-processing techniques were proposed and used to study and obtain the important volatile compounds contributed to the differentiation of the propolis samples from different regions to separate clusters.
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Bankova V, Popova M, Trusheva B. Propolis volatile compounds: chemical diversity and biological activity: a review. Chem Cent J 2014; 8:28. [PMID: 24812573 PMCID: PMC4014088 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-8-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a sticky material collected by bees from plants, and used in the hive as building material and defensive substance. It has been popular as a remedy in Europe since ancient times. Nowadays, propolis use in over-the-counter preparations, “bio”-cosmetics and functional foods, etc., increases. Volatile compounds are found in low concentrations in propolis, but their aroma and significant biological activity make them important for propolis characterisation. Propolis is a plant-derived product: its chemical composition depends on the local flora at the site of collection, thus it offers a significant chemical diversity. The role of propolis volatiles in identification of its plant origin is discussed. The available data about chemical composition of propolis volatiles from different geographic regions are reviewed, demonstrating significant chemical variability. The contribution of volatiles and their constituents to the biological activities of propolis is considered. Future perspectives in research on propolis volatiles are outlined, especially in studying activities other than antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boryana Trusheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Acad. G. Bonchev strl. bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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21
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Chromatographic analysis with different detectors in the chemical characterisation and dereplication of African propolis. Talanta 2014; 120:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schubert J, Luch A, Schulz TG. Waterpipe smoking: analysis of the aroma profile of flavored waterpipe tobaccos. Talanta 2013; 115:665-74. [PMID: 24054646 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last years the habit of smoking waterpipes has spread worldwide, especially among young people and emerged as global health issue. Although research is now under way for no less than 40 years in the field of waterpipe smoking, in comparison to cigarette smoking there is still insufficient knowledge on the real composition and the toxicity of the smoke inhaled and the resulting levels of exposure against particular hazardous ingredients. In most cases for waterpipe smoking a highly flavored tobacco called "moassel" is used. However, the number, quantity and toxicity of the added flavorings are widely unknown. In this study the static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) was used to identify 79 volatile flavor compounds present in waterpipe tobacco. Among these eleven compounds were analyzed quantitatively. The results show that waterpipe tobacco contains high amounts of the fragrance benzyl alcohol as well as considerable levels of limonene, linalool and eugenol, all of which are known as being allergenic in human skin. The proposed SHS-GC-MS method has been validated and found to be accurate, simple and characterized by low limits of detection (LOD) in the range of 0.016 to 4.3 µg/g tobacco for benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, respectively. The identification and characterization of waterpipe tobacco ingredients indeed reveals crucial for the assessment of potential health risks that may be posed by these additives in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schubert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Pellati F, Prencipe FP, Benvenuti S. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry characterization of propolis volatile compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Skaba D, Morawiec T, Tanasiewicz M, Mertas A, Bobela E, Szliszka E, Skucha-Nowak M, Dawiec M, Yamamoto R, Ishiai S, Makita Y, Redzynia M, Janoszka B, Niedzielska I, Król W. Influence of the toothpaste with brazilian ethanol extract propolis on the oral cavity health. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:215391. [PMID: 23861699 PMCID: PMC3687592 DOI: 10.1155/2013/215391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Propolis-based therapeutic agents represent this potential for the development of new drugs in dental care. The aim of a clinical-cohort study was to determine the influence of application of toothpaste enriched with Brazilian extract of propolis (EEP) on health status of oral cavity. Laboratory analysis was conducted in order to assess the chemical composition of EEP including total phenolic compounds, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, and FRAP assay. Clinical research involved two groups of subjects comprising 32 adult patients, with assessment based on the preliminary evaluation of the state of their marginal periodontium. The investigation of oral health indices API, OHI, and SBI and microbiological examination of oral microflora were also carried out. Results obtained indicated time-dependent microbial action of EEP at 50 mg/L concentration, with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The total decrease of API, OHI, and SBI mean values was observed. Hygienic preparations with 3% content of Brazilian ethanol extract of green propolis (EEP) efficiently support removal of dental plaque and improve the state of marginal periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Skaba
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Morawiec
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Marta Tanasiewicz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Anna Mertas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ul Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Bobela
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ul Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szliszka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ul Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Monika Dawiec
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Rindai Yamamoto
- Nihon Natural Therapy Research Laboratory, 6-26-12 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ishiai
- Nihon Natural Therapy Research Laboratory, 6-26-12 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Makita
- Nippon Zettoc Research Laboratory, 3-26 Kudan-Minami 2-Chome, Chiyoda-ku, 102-0074 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Małgorzata Redzynia
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz Technical University Ul Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Janoszka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ul Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Iwona Niedzielska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Wojciech Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ul Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Ashry ESHE, Ahmad TA. The use of propolis as vaccine's adjuvant. Vaccine 2012; 31:31-9. [PMID: 23137844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The success of many vaccines relies on their association with selected adjuvants in order to increase their immunogenicity and ensure long-term protection. All available adjuvants have adverse effects due to their toxicity and reactogenicity. Pre-clinical in vivo investigations can identify new natural products for further applications. Several studies have confirmed the different medicinal benefits of propolis. However the studies that addressed its use as a potent, safe, vaccine adjuvant were limited to specific countries and languages, primarily Chinese. Those studies introduced the use of different extracts and formulations of propolis as adjuvants for bacterial, viral, and parasitic vaccines. This comprehensive up-to-date review categorizes, documents, and discusses those trials in a clear chronological manner.
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