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Dong S, Gao M, Bo Z, Guan L, Hu X, Zhang H, Liu B, Li P, He K, Liu X, Zhang C. Production and characterization of a single-chain variable fragment antibody from a site-saturation mutagenesis library derived from the anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:60-69. [PMID: 31954781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There are plenty of applications of Cry1A toxins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac) in genetically modified crops, and it is necessary to establish corresponding detection methods. In this study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with high affinities to Cry1A toxins was produced. First, the variable regions of heavy (VH) and light chain (VL) were amplified from hybridoma cell 5B5 which secrete anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody (mAb) and then spliced into scFv-5B5 by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR). Subsequently, site-saturation mutagenesis was performed after homology modeling and molecular docking, which showed that asparagine35, phenylalanine36, isoleucine104, tyrosine105, and serine196, respectively, located in VH complementarity-determining region (CDR1 and CDR3) and VL framework region (FR3) were key amino acid sites. Then, the mutagenesis scFv library (1.35 × 105 CFU/mL) was constructed and a mutant scFv-2G12 with equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 9.819 × 10-9 M against Cry1Ab toxin, which was lower than scFv-5B5 (2.025 × 10-8 M) was obtained by biopanning. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 4.6-9.2 and 11.1-17.1 ng mL-1 respectively for scFv-2G12, which were lower than scFv-5B5 (12.4-22.0 and 23.6-39.7 ng mL-1). Results indicated the promising prospect of scFv-2G12 used for the detection of Cry1A toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Meijing Gao
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Lingjun Guan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hanxiaoya Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Kangli He
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China.
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Detection and Quantification of Genetically Modified Soybean in Some Food and Feed Products. A Case Study on Products Available on Romanian Market. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lu X, Jiang DJ, Yan JX, Ma ZE, Luo XE, Wei TL, Xu Y, He QH. An ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for Cry1Ab based on phage displayed peptides. Talanta 2018; 179:646-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dong S, Bo Z, Zhang C, Feng J, Liu X. Screening for single-chain variable fragment antibodies against multiple Cry1 toxins from an immunized mouse phage display antibody library. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3363-3374. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kamle M, Kumar P, Patra JK, Bajpai VK. Current perspectives on genetically modified crops and detection methods. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:219. [PMID: 28674844 PMCID: PMC5495694 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops are the fastest adopted commodities in the agribiotech industry. This market penetration should provide a sustainable basis for ensuring food supply for growing global populations. The successful completion of two decades of commercial GM crop production (1996-2015) is underscored by the increasing rate of adoption of genetic engineering technology by farmers worldwide. With the advent of introduction of multiple traits stacked together in GM crops for combined herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, drought tolerance or disease resistance, the requirement of reliable and sensitive detection methods for tracing and labeling genetically modified organisms in the food/feed chain has become increasingly important. In addition, several countries have established threshold levels for GM content which trigger legally binding labeling schemes. The labeling of GM crops is mandatory in many countries (such as China, EU, Russia, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Korea, Chile, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand), whereas in Canada, Hong Kong, USA, South Africa, and Argentina voluntary labeling schemes operate. The rapid adoption of GM crops has increased controversies, and mitigating these issues pertaining to the implementation of effective regulatory measures for the detection of GM crops is essential. DNA-based detection methods have been successfully employed, while the whole genome sequencing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provides an advanced means for detecting genetically modified organisms and foods/feeds in GM crops. This review article describes the current status of GM crop commercialization and discusses the benefits and shortcomings of common and advanced detection systems for GMs in foods and animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kamle
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed University), Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed University), Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggido, 10326, Korea
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiome Laboratory, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Korea.
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Li J, Li W, Zhang L, Li Y, Li X, Li J, Zhu L, Wu G. Development of a general method for detection and quantification of the P35S promoter based on assessment of existing methods. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7358. [PMID: 25483893 PMCID: PMC4258656 DOI: 10.1038/srep07358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (P35S) is a commonly used target for detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). There are currently 24 reported detection methods, targeting different regions of the P35S promoter. Initial assessment revealed that due to the absence of primer binding sites in the P35S sequence, 19 of the 24 reported methods failed to detect P35S in MON88913 cotton, and the other two methods could only be applied to certain GMOs. The rest three reported methods were not suitable for measurement of P35S in some testing events, because SNPs in binding sites of the primer/probe would result in abnormal amplification plots and poor linear regression parameters. In this study, we discovered a conserved region in the P35S sequence through sequencing of P35S promoters from multiple transgenic events, and developed new qualitative and quantitative detection systems targeting this conserved region. The qualitative PCR could detect the P35S promoter in 23 unique GMO events with high specificity and sensitivity. The quantitative method was suitable for measurement of P35S promoter, exhibiting good agreement between the amount of template and Ct values for each testing event. This study provides a general P35S screening method, with greater coverage than existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, No. 368 Friendship Avenue, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Min-Yuan Road 708, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Xu C, Zhang C, Liu Y, Xie Y, Liu X. Established a new double antibodies sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab toxin based single-chain variable fragments from a naïve mouse phage displayed library. Toxicon 2014; 81:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Genetically modified crops: detection strategies and biosafety issues. Gene 2013; 522:123-32. [PMID: 23566850 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops are increasingly gaining acceptance but concurrently consumers' concerns are also increasing. The introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes into the plants has raised issues related to its risk assessment and biosafety. The International Regulations and the Codex guidelines regulate the biosafety requirements of the GM crops. In addition, these bodies synergize and harmonize the ethical issues related to the release and use of GM products. The labeling of GM crops and their products are mandatory if the genetically modified organism (GMO) content exceeds the levels of a recommended threshold. The new and upcoming GM crops carrying multiple stacked traits likely to be commercialized soon warrant sensitive detection methods both at the DNA and protein levels. Therefore, traceability of the transgene and its protein expression in GM crops is an important issue that needs to be addressed on a priority basis. The advancement in the area of molecular biology has made available several bioanalytical options for the detection of GM crops based on DNA and protein markers. Since the insertion of a gene into the host genome may even cause copy number variation, this may be uncovered using real time PCR. Besides, assessing the exact number of mRNA transcripts of a gene, correlation between the template activity and expressed protein may be established. Here, we present an overview on the production of GM crops, their acceptabilities, detection strategies, biosafety issues and potential impact on society. Further, overall future prospects are also highlighted.
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Genetically modified foods: safety, risks and public concerns-a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 50:1035-46. [PMID: 24426015 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification is a special set of gene technology that alters the genetic machinery of such living organisms as animals, plants or microorganisms. Combining genes from different organisms is known as recombinant DNA technology and the resulting organism is said to be 'Genetically modified (GM)', 'Genetically engineered' or 'Transgenic'. The principal transgenic crops grown commercially in field are herbicide and insecticide resistant soybeans, corn, cotton and canola. Other crops grown commercially and/or field-tested are sweet potato resistant to a virus that could destroy most of the African harvest, rice with increased iron and vitamins that may alleviate chronic malnutrition in Asian countries and a variety of plants that are able to survive weather extremes. There are bananas that produce human vaccines against infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, fish that mature more quickly, fruit and nut trees that yield years earlier and plants that produce new plastics with unique properties. Technologies for genetically modifying foods offer dramatic promise for meeting some areas of greatest challenge for the 21st century. Like all new technologies, they also pose some risks, both known and unknown. Controversies and public concern surrounding GM foods and crops commonly focus on human and environmental safety, labelling and consumer choice, intellectual property rights, ethics, food security, poverty reduction and environmental conservation. With this new technology on gene manipulation what are the risks of "tampering with Mother Nature"?, what effects will this have on the environment?, what are the health concerns that consumers should be aware of? and is recombinant technology really beneficial? This review will also address some major concerns about the safety, environmental and ecological risks and health hazards involved with GM foods and recombinant technology.
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