1
|
Hossain MM, Cho SB, Kim IH. Strategies for reducing noxious gas emissions in pig production: a comprehensive review on the role of feed additives. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:237-250. [PMID: 38628679 PMCID: PMC11016746 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The emission of noxious gases is a significant problem in pig production, as it can lead to poor production, welfare concerns, and environmental pollution. The noxious gases are the gasses emitted from the pig manure that contribute to air pollution. The increased concentration of various harmful gasses can pose health risks to both animals and humans. The major gases produced in the pig farm include methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and volatile fatty acids, which are mainly derived from the fermentation of undigested or poorly digested nutrients. Nowadays research has focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a healthy farm environment that helps animal production. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, dietary enzymes, and medicinal plants in animal diets has been explored as a means of reducing harmful gas emissions. This review paper focuses on the harmful gas emissions from pig farm, the mechanisms of gas production, and strategies for reducing these emissions. Additionally, various methods for reducing gas in pigs, including probiotic interventions; prebiotic interventions, dietary enzymes supplementation, and use of medicinal plants and organic acids are discussed. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on reducing noxious gas in pigs and offers valuable insights for pig producers, nutritionists, and researchers working in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mortuza Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sung Bo Cho
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hossain MM, Hwang HS, Jang SY, Yu S, Kim IH. Supplemental impact of silymarin in growing pig diet on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, faecal microflora, faecal noxious gas emission and absorption rate in blood. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:206-214. [PMID: 37695023 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The research was done to examine the impact of dietary silymarin on growth performance, total tract digestibility, faecal microbial, faecal gas emission and absorption rate in blood of growing pigs. Experiment 1: a total of 140 growing pigs (24.47 ± 2.49 kg) were used in a 6-week trial. There were four dietary treatment groups (seven replicate pens/treatment, five pigs/pen) and treatment diets composed of corn, soybean meal (SBM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and rapeseed meal-based basal diets with 0%, 0.025%, 0.050% and 0.10% of micelle silymarin respectively. Experiment 2: A total of 18 pigs were divided into six treatment groups. Treatment diets: TRT1, TRT2 and TRT3 were basal diets with 30, 150 and 300 g powdered silymarin respectively; and TRT4, TRT5 and TRT6 were basal diets with 30, 150 and 300 g micelle-type silymarin respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) tended to increase (p < 0.10) at Week 3 and overall experiment after silymarin addition. Overall ADG and average daily feed intake are also intended to improve (p < 0.10) linearly in this study. During Week 6, growing pigs fed silymarin showed linearly increased (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, nitrogen and energy. Dietary silymarin supplementation increased (p < 0.10) linearly the faecal Lactobacillus count at Week 3 while Escherichia coli count was linearly decreased at both the 3rd week (p < 0.05) and 6th week (p < 0.10). Silymarin supplementation showed no effect on faecal gas emissions. A higher (p < 0.05) absorption rate in the blood was found in micelle-type silymarin compared to powdered silymarin after the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th h of feeding. Results suggest that silymarin in a corn-SBM-DDGS-rapeseed meal-based diet may help to improve ADG, FI, ATTD and faecal microflora in growing pigs. And absorption rate in the blood of pig is higher in micelle-type silymarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mortuza Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Hwang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Se Yeon Jang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Sungu Yu
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu T, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Cao K, Zhou X, Qian M, Han X. Alleviative Effect of Probiotic Ferment on Lawsonia intracellularis Infection in Piglets. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:879. [PMID: 37372164 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes porcine ileitis. Pigs infected with LI have severe ileal lesions and show symptoms of diarrhea, indigestion, and growth retardation. Previous studies found that probiotic ferment (FAM) improved the growth performance, gut barrier, and function in piglets. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the mechanism that FAM alleviates negative performance in LI-challenged piglets by characterizing the changes in intestinal integrity, function, and gut microbiota following FAM supplementation. (2) Methods: Twenty-four healthy piglets were randomly allotted to four treatments. Three groups were challenged with LI; both FAM addition and vaccination were performed to explore their positive effects on LI-infected piglets. (3) Results: Piglets infected with LI showed lower growth performance and typical pathological symptoms. Moreover, microscopic images showed that observed intestinal morphological damage could be repaired by FAM and vaccine. To explore the digestion of nutrients in piglets, both digestive enzyme activity and ileal transporter expression were performed to reveal the promoting effect of additives. Reduction of LI colonization intervention by FAM could also ameliorate abnormal differentiation and function of intestinal epithelial cells and alleviate severe inflammatory responses in piglets. Regarding the gut microbiota, both the structure and function of the ileal and colonic microbiota were altered following FAM supplementation. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, probiotic ferment can reduce the colonization of LI in the ileum, improve intestinal damage, barrier function and microbiota structure, and enhance digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transport proteins expression, thereby improving piglet growth performance, which has the effect of preventing ileitis in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinchen Zhou
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengqi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Y, Long XM, Liu GF, Bai X, Sun ZL, Liu ZY. The multicomponent residue depletion of Gelsemium elegans in pig tissues, urine, and plasma. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1111782. [PMID: 36713860 PMCID: PMC9880259 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) as a traditional medicinal plant used in livestock production. The use of G. elegans in veterinary clinics may pose safety risks to human health. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate tissue residue depletion in pigs fed G. elegans powder. Methods A precise quantitation method and a simultaneous semi-quantitation method for multiple components independently of standards in pig tissues were developed for the first time. The two methods were validated in terms of specificity, LODs, LOQs, linearity, accuracy, precision, and matrix effects. They were then applied to a tissue residue depletion study after G. elegans powder at a dose of 2% per kg feed were fed to pigs. Results Compared with precise quantitation, the method validation results indicated that the semi-quantitation method was reliable and acceptable for multicomponent quantification independent of standards. Many G. elegans alkaloids are widely distributed in most tissues of pigs. Tissue residue depletion studies indicated that 14-hydroxygelsenicine, 11-hydroxygelsenicine, and gelsemoxonine could be used as potential residue markers, and pancreas, small intestine, and lung tissues could be considered as potential residue target tissues of G. elegans. In addition, both urine and plasma could be used to predict 14-hydroxygelsenicine and gelsemoxonine residues in the liver, pancreas, and small intestinal tissues of pigs. Conclusion The developed semi-quantification method can be applied to monitor the application and residue of G. elegans. The results provide scientific evidence for evaluating the safety of animal-derived food from G. elegans for consumers and will be helpful for its application and future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Ming Long
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Control, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gao-Feng Liu
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Liuyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Liang Sun ✉
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Zhao-Ying Liu ✉
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aikins-Wilson S, Bohlouli M, Engel P, König S. Effects of an herbal diet, diet x boar line and diet x genotype interactions on skin lesions and on growth performance in post-weaning pigs using a cross-classified experiment. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Dang DX, Cho S, Kim IH. Silybum marianum seed extract supplementation
positively affects the body weight of weaned piglets by improving voluntary feed
intake. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:696-706. [PMID: 35969696 PMCID: PMC9353349 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of
Silybum marianum seed (SMS) extract on the growth
performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, and hematology
parameters in weaned piglets. A total of 120, 21-day-old weaned piglets
([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were randomly assigned to 3
groups based on the average initial body weight (6.46 ± 0.45 kg). There
were 8 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs (mixed sex) per pen. The
experimental period was 42 days. Dietary groups included a basal diet, and a
basal diet supplemented with 0.05% or 0.10% SMS extract. Feeding weaned piglets
with SMS extract containing diet significantly increased average daily gain and
average daily feed intake. Additionally, the supplementation of SMS extract had
no significant effects on nutrient digestibility, serum hematology, and fecal
noxious gas emission parameters. We considered that the supplementation of SMS
extract had positive effects on the voluntary feed intake in weaned piglets,
thus improving growth performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resource &
Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner
Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner
Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource &
Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Corresponding author: In Ho Kim,
Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan
31116, Korea. Tel: +82-41-550-3652, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dang DX, Kim IH. Effects of Quillaja saponin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Quillaja saponin (QS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 50 crossbred growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly assigned to one of two treatments for a 56 d trial with five replicate pens per treatment and five pigs (two barrows and three gilts) per pen. Dietary treatments including control diet and control diet supplemented with 200 mg·kg−1 QS. The average daily gain was significantly increased during days 0–56, whereas the fecal ammonia emission on day 56 and fecal coliform bacteria counts on day 28 were significantly decreased in pigs fed with QS-containing diet. However, dietary supplementation of QS had no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 200 mg·kg−1 QS had beneficial effects on growth performance, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Considering the carry-over effects, the adaption period should be at least 28 d when supplementing 200 mg·kg−1 QS to the diet of growing pigs for improving the growth performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohankumar T, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effect of dietary inclusion of Achyranthes japonica extract on growth performance, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, nutrient digestibility, and meat-carcass grade quality traits in finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 10 wk experimental trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE) on finishing pigs’ overall performance. A total of 150 finishing pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 54.17 ± 2.27 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were CON (basal diet), TRT1 (basal diet + 0.025% AJE), TRT2 (basal diet + 0.05% AJE), TRT3 (basal diet + 0.1% AJE), and TRT4 (basal diet + 0.2% AJE). Dietary AJE supplementation linearly increased BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G/F) during week 5. At week 10 and overall experiment, there was tendency for linear increase in BW, ADG, and average daily feed intake. Dietary supplementation of AJE failed to show significant effects on nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, meat quality, and fecal gas emission. The dietary supplementation of AJE showed a linear increase in the backfat thickness (BFT) at week 10, and there was no significant difference observed on the lean meat percentage. In summary, AJE supplementation had a beneficial effect on the growth performance, BFT, and also no effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiota of the finishing pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamaraikannan Mohankumar
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin B, Li W, Qin H, Yun J, Sun X. The Use of Chinese Skullcap ( Scutellaria baicalensis) and Its Extracts for Sustainable Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041039. [PMID: 33917159 PMCID: PMC8067852 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the increasing pressure to address the problems of bacterial resistance and drug residues, medicinal herbs are gradually taking a more important role in animal production. Scutellaria baicalensis is a common and widely used Chinese medicinal herb. The main bioactive compounds in the plant are baicalein and baicalin. These compounds have many biological functions including anti-oxidation, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antitumor effects. S. baicalensis and its extracts can effectively promote animal growth, improve the production performance of dairy cows, reduce the stress and inflammatory response, and have effective therapeutic effects on diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and other pathogenic microorganisms. This paper summarizes the biological function of S. baicalensis and its application in sustainable animal production to provide a reference for future application of S. baicalensis and other medicinal herbs in animal production and disease treatment. Abstract Drugs have been widely adopted in animal production. However, drug residues and bacterial resistance are a worldwide issue, and thus the most important organizations (FAO, USDA, EU, and EFSA) have limited or banned the use of some drugs and the use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Natural products such as medicinal herbs are unlikely to cause bacterial resistance and have no chemical residues. With these advantages, medicinal herbs have long been used to treat animal diseases and improve animal performance. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of medicinal herbs. S. baicalensis is a herb with a high medicinal value. The main active compounds are baicalin and baicalein. They may act as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents. They also possess characteristics of being safe, purely natural, and not prone to drug resistance. S. baicalensis and its extracts can effectively promote the production performance of livestock and treat many animal diseases, such as mastitis. In this review, we summarize the active compounds, biological functions, and applications of S. baicalensis in the production of livestock and provide a guideline for the application of natural medicines in the production and treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baishuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hongyu Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinyan Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin 132109, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-4327-5745
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lactobacillus animalis pZL8a: a potential probiotic isolated from pig feces for further research. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:132. [PMID: 33680697 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to screen a potential anti-diarrheal probiotic for pigs to meet the growing demand for antibiotic alternatives in livestock. Six intestinal pathogens, Escherichia coli (O157: H7) ATCC 43888, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Shigella boydii ATCC 9207, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus ZSY2 were employed as indicator bacteria. Our result showed that Lactobacillus animalis pZL8a isolated from pig feces had extensive and higher antibacterial activity against indicator pathogens among 9 tested strains. In addition, valuable attributes of pZL8a such as great tolerance of low pH (3.0) and bile salts (0.3%), high-level adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and similar susceptibility to the reference strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were observed. Compared with control, pZL8a supplement significantly improved the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in mouse serum. Therefore, L. animalis pZL8a was proposed as a potential probiotic for further research and hope to reduce or replace the application of antibiotics in animal production.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dang DX, Li YJ, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scutellaria baicalensis extract as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, blood hematology, and antioxidative indicators in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Xu B, Zhu L, Fu J, Li Z, Wang Y, Jin M. Overall assessment of fermented feed for pigs: a series of meta-analyses. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4810-4821. [PMID: 31712812 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters, fermented feed (FF) has been continuously developed for two decades; however, its effects on feed, performance, digestibility, and meat quality of pigs have yet to be systematically and comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to (i) quantitatively evaluate the effects of fermentation on nutritional components of feed stuffs; (ii) quantitatively evaluate the effects of FF on pig growth performance, digestibility, and meat quality; and (iii) explore the dose-effect relationship. From PubMed and Web of Science (searched range from January 1, 2000 to April 4, 2019), we collected 3,271 articles, of which 30 articles (3,562 pigs) were included in our meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed that fermentation significantly increased the CP content in feed (P < 0.05). For weaned piglets and growing pigs, FF significantly improved ADG, G:F, DM digestibility, N digestibility, and energy digestibility (P < 0.05). However, compared with the basal diet, FF had no significant effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs (P > 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, fermented ingredients increased the growth performance of weaned piglets and growing pigs, and fermented additives promoted the growth of pigs at all stages. The dose-effect analysis confirmed that the optimal doses of fermented ingredients and additives were 8% and 0.15%, respectively. Furthermore, FF had beneficial impacts on meat quality through increased lightness, redness, marbling and flavor and reduced drip loss (P < 0.05). In conclusions, FF improved growth performance and meat quality primarily due to its positive effects on nutritive value and utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Abdallah A, Zhang P, Zhong Q, Sun Z. Application of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine By-products as Dietary Feed Supplements and Antibiotic Replacements in Animal Production. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:54-64. [PMID: 29788885 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180523102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misuse of synthetic antibiotics in livestock leads to the transfer of antibiotic resistant pathogens into humans and deposits toxic residues in meat and milk. There is therefore an urgent need for safe and viable alternative approaches to improve the nutrition and wellbeing of farm animals. An alternative source that has been widely exploited is Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCHM). These herbs contain several but less toxic bioactive compounds which are generally regarded as biodegradable. Recently, advances in the knowledge of the importance of TCHM have led to a rapid increase in its production and hence, increasing the amount of by-products generated. Such by-products have become a serious environmental challenge because producers regard them as industrial waste and discard them directly. This review summarizes scientific findings on the bioactive compounds in TCHM and TCHM by-products, discusses functional dietary patterns and outlines challenges that may hinder full utilization of TCHM by-products in animal production. METHODS Information for this review was obtained through scientific databases and websites such as Pubmed and Google scholar from 2004 to 2017 using experimental studies on bioactive compounds in TCHM and their effects in animal production. RESULTS Studies have shown that TCHM by-products contain high amounts of bioactive compounds which confer several nutritional and health benefits to animals and thus could be incorporated as feed additives. CONCLUSION The findings for this review indicate that TCHM by-products apart from being a good alternative for synthetic antibiotics could also minimize the current environmental challenges associated with its disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abedin Abdallah
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingzhen Zhong
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zewei Sun
- Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lei XJ, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effects of dried citrus pulp and fermented medicinal plants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and meat quality in growing–finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dried citrus pulp and fermented medicinal plants in growing–finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs (62.34 ± 1.96 kg body weight) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments: (1) control, basal diet (CON); (2) diet containing 10% dried citrus pulp (DCP); (3) diet containing 10% dried citrus pulp supplemented with 0.1% fermented medicinal plants (DCPFMP). From weeks 0 to 5 and 0 to 10, pigs fed the DCPFMP diet had significantly decreased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake and increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed ratio compared with those fed the CON diet. The apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy was greater (P < 0.05), and serum total cholesterol concentration was decreased (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the DCPFMP diet compared with those fed the DCP diet in week 10. In addition, an increase (P < 0.05) in Longissimus muscle area was observed for pigs fed the DCPFMP diet compared with those fed the CON diet. In conclusion, supplementation with fermented medicinal plants in a diet containing 10% dried citrus pulp improved growth performance and Longissimus muscle area and lowered serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiao Y, Park JH, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, excreta microbiota, excreta gas emission, and blood profiles in broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2168-2175. [PMID: 28339708 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, nutrient digestibility, excreta microbiota, excreta gas emission, and blood profiles in broilers. A total of 816 1-day-old male Ross 308 broilers (44 ± 0.44 g) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments, composed of 12 replicates with 17 birds per replicate. The 4 treatments were: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) S1, CON + 0.05% MSM; 3) S2, CON + 0.10% MSM; 4) S3, CON + 0.20% MSM. In the current study, body weight (BW) on d 14 and 29 showed significant improvement as dietary MSM increased from 0.05% to 0.20% (P < 0.05). During d 1 to 14 and overall, higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in broilers fed MSM diets. Between d 15 and 29, higher (P < 0.05) BWG was observed in broilers fed MSM diets. Redness (a*) was increased linearly (P < 0.05) in broilers fed MSM diets. On d 3, 5, and 7, drip loss was decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in broilers fed MSM diets. Lactobacillus and E. coli were effected linearly (P < 0.05) in broilers fed MSM diets. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes were improved linearly (P < 0.05) in broilers fed MSM diets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation MSM has positive effects on growth performance, meat quality, excreta microbiota, and blood profiles in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiao
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - Y M Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lei XJ, Yun HM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of natural and fermented herbs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, meat quality and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1429955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Min Yun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yin J, Kim HS, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary fermented red ginseng marc and red ginseng extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal microbial, and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1466708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|