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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Ahmed ZHT, Singh P, Maqbool M, Meenatchi R, Pugazhendhi A, Sharma A. The ruminant gut microbiome vs enteric methane emission: The essential microbes may help to mitigate the global methane crisis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119661. [PMID: 39043353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Ruminants release enteric methane into the atmosphere, significantly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading the environment. A common focus of traditional mitigation efforts is on dietary management and manipulation, which may have limits in sustainability and efficacy, exploring the potential of essential microorganisms as a novel way to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants; a topic that has garnered increased attention in recent years. Fermentation and feed digestion are significantly aided by essential microbes found in the rumen, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The practical implications of the findings reported in various studies conducted on rumen gut concerning methane emissions may pave the way to understanding the mechanisms of CH4 production in the rumen to enhance cattle feed efficiency and mitigate CH4 emissions from livestock. This review discussed using essential bacteria to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants. It investigates how particular microbial strains or consortia can alter rumen fermentation pathways to lower methane output while preserving the health and productivity of animals. We also describe the role of probiotics and prebiotics in managing methane emissions using microbial feed additives, some recent studies involving microbial interventions have been discussed. The use of new methods involving functional metagenomics and meta-transcriptomics for exploring the rumen microbiome structure has been highlighted. This review also emphasizes the challenges faced in altering the gut microbiome and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Z H Tawfeeq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Mohsin Maqbool
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
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Baila C, Joy M, Bertolín JR, Alves S, Bessa R, Blanco M, Lobón S. Inclusion of Sainfoin in the Concentrate of Finishing Lambs: Fatty Acid Profiles of Rumen, Plasma, and Muscle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17947-17958. [PMID: 37955980 PMCID: PMC10682985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sainfoin inclusion (Onobrychis viciifolia) in the finishing concentrate for light lambs on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the ruminal digesta, plasma, and meat were evaluated. Twenty-six weaned male lambs were divided into three groups and fed individually ad libitum for 40 days with one of three concentrates differing in the level of sainfoin inclusion: 0% (0SF), 20% (20SF), and 40% (40SF). The rumen digesta showed an increase in C18:3 n-3 concentration and a decrease in C18:1 t10 concentration when sainfoin was included in the concentrate regardless of the level of inclusion. However, the highest C18:1 t11 and the lowest C18:2 n-6 proportions were obtained only in the 40SF rumen, showing a stronger t11 biohydrogenation pathway. In plasma, most effects were associated with changes in the levels of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) n-3. The meat FA profile of 40SF lambs presented higher percentages of PUFA n-3 and CLA c9,t11 and a lower PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratio compared with those from 0SF and 20SF diets because of the potentiation of the ruminal t11 pathway. Inclusions of 20 and 40% sainfoin both showed beneficial effects on meat quality; furthermore, these effects were most marked in the 40% sainfoin diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Baila
- Departamento
de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación
y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
- Instituto
Agroalimentario de Aragón − IA2 (CITA-Universidad de
Zaragoza), Zaragoza 50059, Spain
| | - Margalida Joy
- Departamento
de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación
y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
- Instituto
Agroalimentario de Aragón − IA2 (CITA-Universidad de
Zaragoza), Zaragoza 50059, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Bertolín
- Departamento
de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación
y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
- Instituto
Agroalimentario de Aragón − IA2 (CITA-Universidad de
Zaragoza), Zaragoza 50059, Spain
| | - Susana Alves
- CIISA,
Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade
Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal
- Laboratório
Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal
| | - Rui Bessa
- CIISA,
Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade
Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal
- Laboratório
Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal
| | - Mireia Blanco
- Departamento
de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación
y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
- Instituto
Agroalimentario de Aragón − IA2 (CITA-Universidad de
Zaragoza), Zaragoza 50059, Spain
| | - Sandra Lobón
- Departamento
de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación
y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
- Instituto
Agroalimentario de Aragón − IA2 (CITA-Universidad de
Zaragoza), Zaragoza 50059, Spain
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Wang X, Bai C, Khas Erdene, Umair AM, Cao Q, Ao C, Jiang L. Potential modulating effects of Allium mongolicum regel ethanol extract on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation bacteria of dairy cows in vitro. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1272691. [PMID: 38029125 PMCID: PMC10643186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential modulating effects of Allium mongolicum regel ethanol extract (AME) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation (BH) bacteria in vitro. Four Holstein cows were used as donors for the rumen fluid used in this study. In experiment 1, five treatments (supplemented with 0 mg/g, 1 mg/g, 2 mg/g, 3 mg/g, and 4 mg/g of AME based on fermentation substrate, respectively) were conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of AME on fermentation status in vitro. The results showed that after 24 h of fermentation, MCP was reduced with AME supplementation (p < 0.05), and the multiple combinations of different combinations index (MFAEI) value was the highest with 3 mg/g of AME. In experiment 2, six treatments were constructed which contained: control group (A1); the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) mixture at 3% concentration (A2); the mixture of A2 and 3 mg/g of AME (A3); 3 mg/g of AME (A4); the UFA mixture at 1.5% concentration (A5); the mixture of A5 and 3 mg/g of AME (A6). The abundance of bacterial species involved in BH was measured to evaluate the potential modulating effect of AME on rumen BH in vitro. Compared with the A1 group, the A3, A4, and A6 groups both showed significant decreases in the abundance of rumen BH microbial flora including Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium aminophilum (p < 0.01). The A3 group was less inhibitory than A4 in the abundance of B. proteoclasticus, B. fibrisolvens, and R. albus, and the inhibitory effect of the A6 group was higher than that of A4. In conclusion, the supplementation with 3 mg/g of AME could modulate the rumen fermentation and affect BH key bacteria, which suggests that AME may have the potential to inhibit the rumen BH of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Khas Erdene
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ashraf Muhammad Umair
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - QiNa Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - ChangJin Ao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - LinShu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Wei Y, Pan M, Zhao G. Effects of Phlorotannins from Sargassum on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota and Fatty Acid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2854. [PMID: 37760253 PMCID: PMC10525790 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid profiles of ruminant-derived products are closely associated with human health. Ruminal microbiota play a vital role in modulating rumen biohydrogenation (BH). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary supplementation with phlorotannins (PTs) extracted from Sargassum on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and bacterial communities by an in vitro culture study. The inclusion of PTs in the diet increased dry matter digestibility and gas production, and reduced ammonia-N concentration and pH. PT extract inhibited rumen BH, increasing the content of trans-9 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, trans-9 and trans-12 C18:2 and reducing C18:0 concentration. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PTs caused an obvious change in rumen bacterial communities. The presence of Prevotella decreased while carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria such as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Ruminococcus, Selenomonas, Ruminobacter and Fibrobacter increased. Correlation analysis between rumen FA composition and the bacterial microbiome revealed that Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Anaerovorax, Ruminococcus, Ruminobacter, Fibrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Clostridia_UCG-014 might have been involved in the BH process. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of PTs in the diet improved rumen fermentation and FA composition through modulating the rumen bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Xingxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Min Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Guerreiro O, Francisco AE, Alves SP, Soldado D, Cachucho L, Chimenos AU, Duarte F, Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJ, Jerónimo E. Inclusion of the aerial part and condensed tannin extract from Cistus ladanifer L. in lamb diets – Effects on rumen microbial community and fatty acid profile. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Makmur M, Zain M, Sholikin MM, Suharlina, Jayanegara A. Modulatory effects of dietary tannins on polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09828. [PMID: 35815140 PMCID: PMC9263859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tannins are a group of phenolic compounds that can modify the rumen biohydrogenation (BH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but to date results obtained have been inconsistent. This study therefore aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the scientific literature related to the effects of tannins on rumen BH and fermentation. Methods A total of 28 articles were collected from various scientific databases, such as Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and the data were analysed using a random effects model and meta-regression for rumen BH. The publication bias on the main variables of rumen fermentation was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. Results An increase in tannin levels significantly reduced methane production (p < 0.001) and the population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (p < 0.05). Dietary tannins also decreased the SFA proportion (p < 0.001) and increased (p < 0.001) the rumen monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions. In additions, there were negative relationships between dietary tannin levels and BH rates of C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Dietary tannins modulate the rumen fermentation profile, mitigate methane emissions, and inhibit rumen BH of PUFA.
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7
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Comparing the Effects of a Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Bark Extract with a Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) Extract on Methane Production and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091080. [PMID: 35565507 PMCID: PMC9100322 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) bark extract (PBE) with a quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) extract (QTE) on methane (CH4) production and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. A forage diet supplemented with PBE or QTE (0, 2 and 4% dry matter (DM) basis) was incubated for 24 h to determine in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD), CH4, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Differences were analyzed using Tukey’s test, orthogonal contrasts, hierarchical clustering heatmap (HCH), and principal component analysis (PCA). Both extracts (4% DM) decreased butyrate (Bu; p = 0.001), CH4 (p = 0.005), total VFA (p < 0.001), and NH3-N (p = 0.006) production and increased acetate (Ac; p = 0.003) without affecting the partitioning factor (p = 0.095). Propionate (Pr; p = 0.016) was increased, whereas IVDMD (p = 0.041) was decreased with QTE (4% DM). The inclusion of QTE (2% DM) decreased CH4 production (p = 0.005) and the (Ac + Bu)/Pr ratio (p = 0.003), whereas PBE (2% DM) decreased the NH3-N (p = 0.006) and total VFA production (p < 0.001). The HCH and PCA indicate a negative correlation (r = −0.93; p < 0.001) between CH4 production and tannins. In conclusion, PBE shares many of the effects generated by QTE on ruminal fermentation, although the magnitude of these effects depends on concentration. The PBE could be used as an additive in ruminant diets to reduce CH4 and NH3-N production without reducing IVDMD or increasing propionate, but further in vivo studies are required to clarify its effects on animal production.
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Majewska MP, Miltko R, Bełżecki G, Kędzierska A, Kowalik B. Comparison of the Effect of Synthetic (Tannic Acid) or Natural (Oak Bark Extract) Hydrolysable Tannins Addition on Fatty Acid Profile in the Rumen of Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060699. [PMID: 35327095 PMCID: PMC8944490 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare two sources of tannins on fatty acids (FA) composition in rumen. Treatments were (g tannins/kg diet as-feed-basis) as follows: (1) no supplemental tannin addition (CON), (2) addition of 13 g of oak bark extract (OAK), and (3) 4 g of tannic acid (TAN). The basal diet contained 55:45 forage to concentrate ratio. Net consumption of tannins (g/d) was 4 g for both tannins sources. The study was performed on three Polish Mountain ewes fitted with rumen cannulas, and was divided into three experimental periods (I, II, and III). Both sampling time and animal diet had a significant effect on FA profile in the rumen fluid. In general, FA concentrations were higher before feeding in comparison to samples collected 2 and 4 h after feeding. In terms of dietary effect, it was shown that TAN addition had a greater influence on FA profile in the ruminal fluid than the OAK diet. Briefly, in the TAN group significantly increased concentrations of C18:2 c9c12 (linoleic acid, LA) 8 h after feeding (vs. control, CON and OAK), C18:3 c9c12c15 (α-linolenic acid, LNA) 4 h after feeding (vs. OAK), C20:3 n-6 before feeding (vs. CON), C20:4 before feeding (vs. CON and OAK) and 8 h after feeding (vs. OAK) were recorded. In contrast, OAK addition significantly reduced C20:3 n-6 concentration 2 h after feeding (vs. CON). In conclusion, increased concentrations of both LA and LNA in the rumen indicated that supplemental tannic acid may inhibit the initial stage of FA biohydrogenation in the rumen.
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Thanh LP, Kha PTT, Loor JJ, Hang TTT. Grape seed tannin extract and polyunsaturated fatty acids affect in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6524055. [PMID: 35137104 PMCID: PMC8919818 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT), one of the most ubiquitous compounds in the plant kingdom, can modulate ruminal nutrient metabolism. Objectives were to study potential interactions of CT and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on ruminal fermentation, biohydrogenation (BH), and methane production. Ruminal fluid obtained from lactating Holstein Friesian cows was used. All experiments were carried out as a completely randomized design with the same mixed diet: control (60:40 forage:concentrate) without supplement (CON), 2.5% soybean oil (SBO), and SBO + grape seed tannin extract (GSTE) at 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, or 0.8% dietary DM (ST0.2, ST0.4, ST0.6, and ST0.8, respectively). Compared with CON (84.7 mM), total VFA concentration was not affected by SBO, but decreased (P < 0.001) with ST0.8 vs. ST0.6 (75.3 vs. 78.3 mM). Relative to CON, methane production was depressed (P < 0.001) by 17.7% and 28.0% in ST0.4 and ST0.8. The highest (P < 0.001) mean concentrations of c9,t11 CLA and C18:1 t11 were observed with ST0.4 compared with CON, but there was no difference between SBO and CT-containing diets. Disappearance of C18:2 c9,c12 was 49.1% vs. 50.3% in CON vs. SBO, whereas it ranged from 39.9% to 46.3% in CT-containing diets after 2 h incubation (P < 0.001). Concentrations of c9,t11 CLA with supplemental SBO and ST0.8 nearly peaked (P < 0.001) at 2 h incubation, but this fatty acid peaked (P > 0.05) at 6 h incubation and remained higher (P < 0.001; 15.9-17.0 µg/mL) at 24 h incubation with ST0.2, ST0.4, and ST0.6 compared with other diets (13.5-14.5 µg/mL). Compared with CON (50.6 µg/mL), concentration of C18:1 t11 with SBO and CT-containing diets reached a peak (P < 0.001; 241-265 µg/mL) at 12 h incubation. Concentration of C18:0 was 171%-231% higher (P < 0.001) with SBO and CT relative to CON at 24 h incubation. Overall, these results demonstrated that PUFA in SBO are more effective in modulating ruminal BH and CH4 production when combined with CT. However, high doses of added CT can reduce ruminal VFA concentration. Thus, a level of 0.4% GSTE added to diets containing 2.5% PUFA from plant origin might be suitable for optimizing ruminal fermentation and BH of C18:2 c9,c12 to fatty acid intermediates that could have beneficial effects to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam,Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Corresponding authors:
| | - Pham Truong Thoai Kha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Hang
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Can Tho University, Phung Hiep, Hau Giang 95000, Viet Nam
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Cardoso-Gutierrez E, Aranda-Aguirre E, Robles-Jimenez LE, Castelán-Ortega OA, Chay-Canul AJ, Foggi G, Angeles-Hernandez JC, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, González-Ronquillo M. Effect of tannins from tropical plants on methane production from ruminants: A systematic review. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100214. [PMID: 34841126 PMCID: PMC8606516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A negative relationship was observed between the level of tannin inclusion and CH4 emission. The effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Sub-group analysis revealed differences of tannins supplementation response according to CH4 emission measurements techniques.
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas generated during the feed fermentation processes in the rumen. However, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the capacity of plant secondary metabolites to enhance ruminal fermentation and decrease CH4 production, especially those plants rich in tannins. This review conducted a descriptive analysis and meta-analysis of the use of tannin-rich plants in tropical regions to mitigate CH4 production from livestock. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of tannins supplementation in tropical plants on CH4 production in ruminants using a meta-analytic approach and the effect on microbial population. Sources of heterogeneity were explored using a meta-regression analysis. Final database was integrated by a total of 14 trials. The ‘meta’ package in R statistical software was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The covariates defined a priori in the current meta-regression were inclusion level, species (sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and cross-bred heifers) and plant. Results showed that supplementation with tropical plants with tannin contents have the greatest effects on CH4 mitigation . A negative relationship was observed between the level of inclusion and CH4 emission (−0.09), which means that the effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Therefore, less CH4 production will be obtained when supplementing tropical plants in the diet with a high dose of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cardoso-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - E Aranda-Aguirre
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - L E Robles-Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - O A Castelán-Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - A J Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A, la Huasteca 2ª Sección, CP 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - G Foggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - J C Angeles-Hernandez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo México, 43600 Mexico
| | - E Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M González-Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
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11
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Campione A, Pauselli M, Natalello A, Valenti B, Pomente C, Avondo M, Luciano G, Caccamo M, Morbidini L. Inclusion of cocoa by-product in the diet of dairy sheep: Effect on the fatty acid profile of ruminal content and on the composition of milk and cheese. Animal 2021; 15:100243. [PMID: 34087758 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that dietary cocoa bean shell (CBS) as a partial replacer of human edible cereal grains in the diet of lactating ewes may affect performance and milk and cheese composition. Twenty Comisana lactating ewes allotted into control (CTRL; n = 10) or cocoa (CBS; n = 10) group received alfalfa hay ad libitum and 800 g of conventional (CTRL) or experimental (CBS) concentrate containing 11.7% CBS to partially replace corn and barley of the CTRL concentrate. Milk yield and composition did not differ between groups, and only urea concentration was lower in CBS milk. Dietary CBS increased cheese fat and reduced protein percentage in CBS group. Fatty acid composition of rumen content partially reflected that of the ingested diet, with total saturated fatty acids (SFA), total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1c9 greater in the CBS group. Moreover, all the identified trans- and cis-18:1 isomers were greater in CBS rumen content. Milk and cheese showed a similar fatty acid composition. Total MUFAs were greater in milk and cheese of CBS, mainly due to the proportion of 18:1c9, and conversely, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFAn-6 and PUFAn-6-to-PUFAn-3 ratio was greater in CTRL group. Concluding, the inclusion of CBS in the diet of lactating ewes within the limit imposed by the current legislation did not cause detrimental effects on animal performance and milk composition. Interestingly, dietary CBS reduced milk urea concentration probably due to the phenols contained in CBS concentrate. However, our results support that biohydrogenation was weakly impaired by dietary CBS. Finally, CBS negatively affected cheese nutritional characteristics due to lower protein and greater fat content, but improved fat health indexes in milk and cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Pauselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Natalello
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - B Valenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - C Pomente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Avondo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G Luciano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - M Caccamo
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'Agroalimentare, S.P. 25 km 5 Ragusa Mare, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - L Morbidini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Guerreiro O, Alves SP, Costa M, Duarte MF, Jerónimo E, Bessa RJB. Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030761. [PMID: 33801870 PMCID: PMC7998652 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ruminant edible products have been associated with adverse health effects, due to their high saturated fatty acids and low polyunsaturated fatty acids content, resulting from the extensive biohydrogenation conducted by rumen microbiota. Cistus ladanifer condensed tannins were able to change the lamb ruminal biohydrogenation, increasing the beneficial fatty acids production. The aim of this study was to test the effect of increasing doses of C. ladanifer condensed tannins extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter) on in vitro rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation. The increasing doses of condensed tannins led to a moderate decrease of volatile fatty acids production, a pronounced depression in microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production, and a minor effect on the biohydrogenation, which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities. The ability of C. ladanifer condensed tannins extract to modulate the biohydrogenation (BH) was not observed in the present study. However, the results obtained suggest a possible adaptative response of the microbial population to stress stimuli of condensed tannins and lipid supplementation. Abstract Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olinda Guerreiro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; (O.G.); (M.F.D.)
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.P.A.); (M.C.); (R.J.B.B.)
| | - Susana P. Alves
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.P.A.); (M.C.); (R.J.B.B.)
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Costa
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.P.A.); (M.C.); (R.J.B.B.)
| | - Maria F. Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; (O.G.); (M.F.D.)
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Eliana Jerónimo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; (O.G.); (M.F.D.)
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.P.A.); (M.C.); (R.J.B.B.)
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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13
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Kholif AE, Matloup OH, Hadhoud FI, Kassab AY, Adegbeye MJ, Hamdon HA. Lemongrass supplementation to Farafra ewes improved feed utilization, lactational performance and milk nutritive value in the subtropics. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1118-1127. [PMID: 33529081 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1870485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of phytogenic feed additives in livestock production is a sustainable practice and the search for more phytogenic options continues. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of lemongrass supplementation on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation and milk production and composition. Thirty gestating Farafra ewes were randomly assigned to three experimental treatments of control (without a supplement), or with the supplementation of 5 g (LEM5 treatment), or 10 g of lemongrass/ewe/d (LEM10 treatment) for 12 weeks. Lemongrass supplementation at both doses did not influence ( p > 0.05) nutrient intake, but improved nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05). Furthermore, LEM5 and LEM10 treatments improved (p ≤ 0.001) ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate. Blood glucose was increased (p < 0.05) and cholesterol was decreased in ewes supplemented with lemongrass at both doses. Milk yield, energy corrected milk yield, and milk component were improved (p ≤ 0.001) in ewes supplemented with lemongrass at 5 and 10 g while the feed efficiency was decreased. Lemongrass supplementation at both doses increased (p = 0.040) the proportion of milk total conjugated linoleic acid without affecting other milk fatty acids. In most of the parameters evaluated, there was no significant difference between LEM5 and LEM10. Therefore, lemongrass supplementation at 5 g/ewe/d can be used in dairy production with positive impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama H Matloup
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Hadhoud
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman Y Kassab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Moyosore J Adegbeye
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Hatem A Hamdon
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
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14
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Ability of tannins to modulate ruminal lipid metabolism and milk and meat fatty acid profiles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Monllor P, Romero G, Atzori AS, Sandoval-Castro CA, Ayala-Burgos AJ, Roca A, Sendra E, Díaz JR. Composition, Mineral and Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk from Goats Fed with Different Proportions of Broccoli and Artichoke Plant By-Products. Foods 2020; 9:E700. [PMID: 32492779 PMCID: PMC7353654 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Mediterranean region, artichoke and broccoli are major crops with a high amount of by-products that can be used as alternative feedstuffs for ruminants, lowering feed costs and enhancing milk sustainability while reducing the environmental impact of dairy production. However, nutritional quality of milk needs to be assured under these production conditions and an optimal inclusion ratio of silages should be determined. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of three inclusion levels (25%, 40%, and 60%) of these silages (artichoke plant, AP, and broccoli by-product, BB) in goat diets on milk yield, composition, and mineral and fatty profiles. Treatments with 60% inclusion of AP and BB presented the lowest milk yield. No differences were found on the milk mineral profile. Inclusion of AP in the animals' diet improved the milk lipid profile from the point of view of human health (AI, TI) compared to BB due to a lower saturated fatty acid content (C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0) and a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans11) and rumenic acid (CLA cis9, trans11), without any differences with the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monllor
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Gema Romero
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Alberto S. Atzori
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Carlos A. Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97100, Mexico; (C.A.S.-C.); (A.J.A.-B.)
| | - Armín J. Ayala-Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97100, Mexico; (C.A.S.-C.); (A.J.A.-B.)
| | - Amparo Roca
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Esther Sendra
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - José Ramón Díaz
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
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16
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The links between supplementary tannin levels and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0216187. [PMID: 32168348 PMCID: PMC7069617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to predict and identify ways to increase conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminant-derived products to treat human health issues with dietary tannins. The objective was to compare and confirm the effects of dietary tannins on CLA formation by analyzing in vitro and/or in vivo studies. We reported the results of the meta-analysis based on numerical data from 38 selected publications consisting of 3712 treatments. Generally, via multiple pathways, the CLA formation increased when dietary tannins increased. Concurrently, dietary tannins increased Δ9 desaturation and the CLA indices in milk and meat (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, with average R2 values of 0.23 and 0.44, respectively), but they did not change the rumen fermentation characteristics, including total volatile fatty acids (mmol/L) and their acid components. In vitro observations may accurately predict in vivo results. Unfortunately, there was no relationship between in vitro observations and in vivo results (R2 < 0.10), indicating that it is difficult to predict CLA formation in vivo considering in vitro observations. According to the statistical meta-analysis results regarding animal aspects, the ranges of tannin levels required for CLA formation in vitro and in vivo were approximately 0.1–20 g/kg dry matter (DM) (P < 0.001) and 2.1–80 g/kg DM (P < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the in vivo method was more suitable for the direct observation of fatty acid transformation than the in vitro method.
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17
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Natalello A, Hervás G, Toral PG, Luciano G, Valenti B, Mendoza AG, Pauselli M, Priolo A, Frutos P. Bioactive compounds from pomegranate by-products increase the in vitro ruminal accumulation of potentially health promoting fatty acids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Natalello A, Luciano G, Morbidini L, Valenti B, Pauselli M, Frutos P, Biondi L, Rufino-Moya PJ, Lanza M, Priolo A. Effect of Feeding Pomegranate Byproduct on Fatty Acid Composition of Ruminal Digesta, Liver, and Muscle in Lambs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4472-4482. [PMID: 30929432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of feeding whole pomegranate byproduct (WPB) to lambs on ruminal, liver, and intramuscular fatty acids (FA). Seventeen lambs, divided into two groups, were fed for 36 days with a cereal-based concentrate diet (CON) or with a concentrate diet containing 200 g/kg DM of WPB to partially replace barley and corn (WPB). The dietary treatment did not affect the final body and carcass weight, the dry matter intake, or the average daily gain. However, total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), linolenic, rumenic (RA), and vaccenic (VA) acid were increased in liver (+15%, +32%, +344%, and +118%, respectively) and muscle (+46%, +38%, +169%, and +89%, respectively) of WPB lambs ( P < 0.05). Punicic acid and three isomers of conjugated linolenic acid were detected exclusively in the rumen and tissues of WPB-lambs. The C18:1 t10/ t11 ra tio in rumen digesta or in tissues was reduced by feeding WPB (-791%, -690%, and -456%, respectively, in rumen, liver and muscle; P < 0.001), suggesting that the WPB prevented the t10-shift rumen biohydrogenation pathway. In conclusion, the inclusion of WPB into a concentrate-based diet can be a strategy to improve the FA composition of meat, without effects on the animal performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Natalello
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) , University of Catania , Via Valdisavoia 5 , 95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) , University of Catania , Via Valdisavoia 5 , 95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Luciano Morbidini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3) , University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3) , University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3) , University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León , Finca Marzanas s/n , 24346 Grulleros, León , Spain
| | - Luisa Biondi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) , University of Catania , Via Valdisavoia 5 , 95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Pablo J Rufino-Moya
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) , Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza) , Avda. Montan ̃ana 930 , 50059 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Massimiliano Lanza
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) , University of Catania , Via Valdisavoia 5 , 95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A) , University of Catania , Via Valdisavoia 5 , 95123 Catania , Italy
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19
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Cappucci A, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Pauselli M, Viti C, Pastorelli R, Roscini V, Serra A, Conte G, Mele M. Effect of increasing amounts of olive crude phenolic concentrate in the diet of dairy ewes on rumen liquor and milk fatty acid composition. J Dairy Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525320 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Agro-industrial by-products contain several secondary plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. The effects of these compounds on animal metabolism may vary significantly according to the dose, the chemical nature of the molecules, and the overall composition of the diet. In the Mediterranean area, the olive oil extraction is associated with 2 by-products: olive pomace and wastewater, both rich in polyphenols. In particular, wastewater may be further processed to obtain olive crude phenolic concentrate (OCPC). An experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate animal performance, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, diversity of rumen microbial population, and rumen liquor FA profile in dairy ewes fed diets containing extruded linseed (EL) and increasing doses of OCPC. Twenty-eight Comisana ewes in mid lactation were allotted to 4 experimental groups. The experiment lasted 5 wk after 3 wk of adaptation. Diets were characterized by lucerne hay administrated ad libitum and by 800 g/ewe and day of 4 experimental concentrates containing 22% of EL on dry matter and increasing dose of OCPC: 0 (L0), 0.6 (L0.6), 0.8 (L0.8), and 1.2 (L1.2) g of OCPC/kg of dry matter. Milk yield was daily recorded and milk composition was analyzed weekly. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, samples of rumen liquor were collected to analyze FA profile, changes in rumen microbial population, and dimethylacetal (DMA) composition. The inclusion of OCPC did not affect milk yield and gross composition, whereas milk from L0.8 and L1.2 sheep contained higher concentrations of linoleic (+18%) and α-linolenic acid (+24%) and lower concentration of the rumen biohydrogenation intermediates. A similar pattern was observed for rumen liquor FA composition. No differences were found in the diversity of the rumen microbial population. Total amount of DMA did not differ among treatments, whereas significant differences were found in the concentration of individual DMA; in the diet with a higher amount of OCPC, DMA 13:0, 14:0, 15:0, and 18:0 increased, whereas DMA 16:0 decreased. Probably the presence of polyphenols in the diet induced a rearrangement of bacteria membrane phospholipids as a response to the rumen environment stimulus. Overall, the use of OCPC allowed a significant increase in the polyunsaturated FA content of milk, probably due to a perturbation of the rumen biohydrogenation process. Further studies are needed to understand the correlation between diet composition and the pattern of DMA in rumen liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cappucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Susana P Alves
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Valentina Roscini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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20
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McCann JC, Elolimy AA, Loor JJ. Rumen Microbiome, Probiotics, and Fermentation Additives. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2017; 33:539-553. [PMID: 28764865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of a variety of feedstuffs by the ruminal microbiome is the distinctive feature of the ruminant digestive tract. The host derives energy and nutrients from microbiome activity; these organisms are essential to survival. Advances in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics have redefined the rumen microbial community. Current research seeks to connect our understanding of the rumen microbiome with nutritional strategies in ruminant livestock systems and their associated digestive disorders. These efforts align with a growing number of products designed to improve ruminal fermentation to benefit the overall efficiency of ruminant livestock production and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C McCann
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Biohydrogenation patterns in digestive contents and plasma of lambs fed increasing levels of a tanniferous bush ( Cistus ladanifer L.) and vegetable oils. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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