Sensory quality of milk fat with low cholesterol content fractioned by molecular distillation

Fatty acid, triglyceride, and kinetic properties of milk fat fractions made by the combination of dry fractionation and short-path molecular distillation

In this study, we aimed to detect the physicochemical properties of distilled products (residue and distillate) obtained from anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and its dry fractionation products (liquid and solid fractions at 25°C [25 L and 25 S]). The results showed that the saturated fatty acids and low- and medium molecular-weight triglycerides were easily accumulated in the distillate, and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acid and high molecular-weight triglycerides in the residue were higher, and these components in 25 S and 25 L were influenced more significantly than those in the AMF. In addition, the distillate had larger melting ranges in comparison with the distilled substrate, while the melting ranges of residue was smaller. The triglycerides were presented as the mixture crystal forms (α, β', and β crystal) in 25 S, AMF, and their distilling products, and it was transformed gradually to a single form as the increasing of distilling temperature. Moreover, the accumulated pattern of triglycerides was double chain length in 25 S, AMF, and their distilling products. These results provide a new approach to obtain the milk fat fractions with different properties, and the findings of this study enrich the theoretical basis of milk fat separation in practical production.

Cholesterol removal by selected metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents

The aim of this study was to investigate the cholesterol removal capacity of seven metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and to compare with active carbon as adsorbents, and with aqueous β-cyclodextrine complexation removal technique. There were slight color differences in the oil samples after the treatments. The lowest free fatty acidities (0.13% and 0.13% linoleic acid) and peroxide values (21.07 and 23.50 meqO₂/kg) were measured in aluminum-MOF (Al-MOF) and titanium-MOF (Ti-MOF) treated samples when compared to control sample (0.15%, and 27.62 meqO₂/kg). Cholesterol reduction ratios of the Al-MOF treated sample (27.45%) and Ti-MOF treated sample (26.27%) were higher among all adsorbent treatments, but lower than that of the β-cyclodextrine aqueous complexation technique (33.07%). Further experiments with Al-MOF and Ti-MOF showed that when adsorbent addition level increased to 3.0%, removed cholesterol content increased. Likewise, when treatment times extended to 180 min, more cholesterol was removed. But, the removed cholesterol contents at 100 °C and 30 °C treatment temperatures were lower than that of at 50 °C treatment temperature. Further experiments with butter and sheep tail tallow showed that Al-MOF was quite effective as an adsorbent to remove cholesterol. This study proves the great potential of MOF to remove cholesterol selectively from oil/fat by adsorption principle.