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Mohajer A, Safaei P, Sleman Ali H, Sarwar Karim H, Sadighara P, Molaee-Aghaee E, Ghanati K. The association between toxic metals (As, Pb and Cd) exposure and rice cooking methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:839-850. [PMID: 36794359 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2175798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposure through rice consumption (Oryza sativa L.) is a human health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between toxic metals exposure and rice cooking methods. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen studies were selected as eligible for the meta-analysis. Our results showed a significant decrease in the content of arsenic, lead, and cadmium following the cooking rice (WMD= -0.04 mg/kg, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.03, P = 0.000), (WMD = -0.01 mg/kg, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.01, P = 0.000), and (WMD = -0.01 mg/kg, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.00, P = 0.000), respectively. Furthermore, based on the subgroup analysis the overall rank order of cooking methods in the rice was rinsed > parboiling > Kateh > high-pressure, microwave, and steaming. The findings of this meta-analysis indicate the beneficial effects of cooking on reducing arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposure via rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Mohajer
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Safaei
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemn Sleman Ali
- Community Health Department, Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hiran Sarwar Karim
- Food Science and Quality Control Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiandokht Ghanati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI) and Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Al Zbedy A, Müller V, Kindness A, Ebel R, Norton GJ, Feldmann J. GenX uptake by wheat and rice in flooded and non-flooded soils: a greenhouse experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1607-1620. [PMID: 38044403 PMCID: PMC10789845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
GenX (hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid) belongs to the group of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) compounds introduced to replace perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which has been phased out in industrial and consumer product formulations. While GenX has been investigated in lab animals, there is limited information available regarding its uptake and translocation in wheat and rice. This study reports on a greenhouse experiment in which wheat and rice grown under flooded and non-flooded conditions were exposed to two GenX concentrations in the soil (0.4 mg kg-1 and 2 mg kg-1). GenX was analysed in the soil, porewater and shoots using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was determined using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-GFMAS) instrument. Results showed that different species took up different amounts of GenX. The GenX concentration in rice shoots was found to be 2.34 (± 0.45) and 4.11 (± 0.87) μg g-1 under flooded and non-flooded conditions, respectively, at a low exposure level. At high exposure, the GenX concentrations in flooded and non-flooded rice shoots increased threefold to 10.4 (± 0.41) and 13.4 (± 0.72) μg g-1, respectively. Wheat shoots showed similar concentrations and increases between low- and high-level exposure. The translocation factor was significantly higher (P = 0.013) in non-flooded rice compared to flooded rice. The GenX bioaccumulation behaviours under the same culture conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, light, same GenX concentration in the soil) were significantly different in non-flooded and flooded rice (P < 0.001). Non-flooded rice plants displayed a higher level of GenX bioaccumulation than flooded ones. Following exposure to GenX, flooded rice plants showed a reduction in biomass (25%) compared to the control plants (P < 0.014). Our findings indicate that GenX is a bioaccumulative compound, the presence of which likely inhibits the growth of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Al Zbedy
- School of Biological science, University of Aberdeen, Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Qunfudhah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Viktoria Müller
- TESLA-Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Andrew Kindness
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rainer Ebel
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Gareth J Norton
- School of Biological science, University of Aberdeen, Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- TESLA-Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Guan H, Zhang J, Wang T, Xu J, Liu X. Lowered oral bioaccessibility of cadmium and selenium and associated health risk by co-digestion of rice and vegetables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165489. [PMID: 37451439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Since foods are not ingested individually, co-digestion, in accordance with human daily diet conditions, should be stressed when assessing elements bioaccessibility and associated health risks. The oral bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se) in 11 types of crops (rice, maize, pakchoi, eggplant, red pepper, towel gourd, kidney bean, soybean, cowpea, sweet potato, and taro) were determined, and the effects of co-digestion of 7 types of rice and vegetables on the bioaccessibility of Cd and Se were evaluated and validated with in vitro PBET method. The underlying mechanism was revealed by observing the surface morphological characteristics of digested substrates, and the exposure risk of Cd and Se were assessed. The results showed that the average bioaccessibility of Cd and Se in 11 types of crops varied from 58.7 % to 39.1 % and 48.4 % to 62.6 % from the gastric phase (GP) to the intestinal phase (IP). Interestingly, co-digestion of rice and vegetables reduced the bioaccessibility of Cd and Se to varying degrees compared to theoretical values. Great reduction in the bioaccessibility of Cd and Se in the GP (16.9-36.4 % and 9.9-23.2 %) than that in the IP (0.2-6.62 % and 0.23-12.3 %) were detected, which was attributed to the rice-vegetable aggregates formed during co-digestion. Rice-vegetable aggregates inhibited the release of Cd and Se, which was more pronounced in the GP than in the IP. Consequently, co-digestion of rice and vegetables reduced the oral exposure to Cd by 35.8 % and to Se by 19.6 %. The areas with higher non-carcinogenic risk of Cd and Se in the study region were reduced by 17 % and 10 %, respectively. Therefore, the role of co-digestion in assessing Cd and Se bioaccessibility and associated health risk cannot be neglected. This study has significant implications for investigating elements bioaccessibility and optimizing associated health risk assessment from a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Guan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Mishra S, Dwivedi S, Gupta A, Tiwari RK. Evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of post harvest methods for arsenic removal from rice grain and reduction of arsenic induced cancer risk from rice-based diet. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162443. [PMID: 36858216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food-chain arsenic (As) contamination is a severe environmental and health problem worldwide, and its intake through rice affects billions of people. In this review, we have summarized the post harvest As removal methods from rice and their efficacy and feasibility. Rice grain subspecies (indica and japonica), size (short, medium and long), type (husked, parboiled or polished), soaking time, temperature and rice to water ratio (r/w) during washing and cooking are the major factors that affect the removal of total arsenic (tAs) from rice grain. The reduction in tAs was greater in japonica than indica rice and was directly proportional to As in husked rice. For the removal of As, a low water volume (1:2 r/w) was more effective during washing due to friction between rice grains, while high water (≥4 times water) during cooking was more effective. Up to 80 % As was removed by cooking in 1:10 (rice: water). Soaking rice in edible acids such as vinegar, acetic and ascorbic acid was not effective, except citric acid, which removes tAs up to 63 %. Human-health risk assessment showed that these post harvest and cooking methods reduce the non-carcinogenic and incremental lifetime cancer risk by up to 5-fold, as calculated on the basis of bioaccessible inorganic As. These post harvest methods also remove nutrient elements and vitamins. The recommended dietary intake (RDI) of Zn and Cu was particularly affected (up to 40 and 83 %). The levels of P, Mo, Mn and Co were still sufficient to meet the RDI through the rice-based diet, while rice is already poor in the RDI of Ca, K, Fe and Se, and their levels were further reduced by 0.22-44 %. In conclusion, these post harvest and cooking methods may significantly reduce As induced health risks; however, other dietary sources of nutrients need to be carefully evaluated and supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mishra
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India; Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India.
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | - Apoorv Gupta
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Tiwari
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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5
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Fu L, Gao S, Li B. Impact of Processing Methods on the In Vitro Protein Digestibility and DIAAS of Various Foods Produced by Millet, Highland Barley and Buckwheat. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081714. [PMID: 37107509 PMCID: PMC10137793 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are rich sources of dietary protein, whose nutritional assessments are often performed on raw grains or protein isolates. However, processing and gastrointestinal digestion may affect amino acid (AA) compositions, then change the protein quality. In this study, we determined the digestibility and AA compositions of various foods produced by whole grains (PG) or flour (PF) from three cereals (millet, highland barley and buckwheat) and analyzed the impact of processing methods on the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) using the INFOGEST protocol. The in vitro protein digestibility of cereal-based foods was lower than raw grains, and PF showed a better digestion property than PG. The intestinal digestibility of individual AA within a food varied widely, and the digestibility of Cys and Ile was the lowest among all AAs. The DIAAS values of PG were lower than those of PF in each kind of cereal, and PF of buckwheat had the highest DIAAS value, followed by highland barley. The first limiting AA was still Lys for millet and highland barley compared to the raw grains; however, for buckwheat it was Leu. This study provided nutritional information on cereal products and helped to guide the collocation of different foods in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Fu
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu Y, Chen S, Li Q, Liu L. Changes in Arsenic Speciation in Wild Edible Fungi after Different Cooking Processes and Gastrointestinal Digestion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020603. [PMID: 36677657 PMCID: PMC9865972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is enriched in wild edible fungi, which is one of the main important sources of As in humans' diet. In this study, two wild edible fungi were employed for investigation: (1) Pleurotus citrinopileatusone, which contains a high content of inorganic As (iAs) and (2) Agaricus blazei Murill, which contains a high content of organic As. This study investigated the changes in As content and its speciation after different daily cooking methods. We found that the content of As in Pleurotus citrinipileatus and Agaricus blazei Murill reduced by soaking plus stir-frying by 55.4% and 72.9%, respectively. The As content in Pleurotus citrinipileatus and Agaricus blazei Murill decreased by 79.4% and 93.4%, respectively, after soaking plus boiling. The content of As speciation in dried wild edible fungi reduced significantly after different treatments. Among them, iAs decreased by 31.9~88.3%, and organic As decreased by 33.3~95.3%. This study also investigated the bioaccessibility of As in edible fungi after different cooking processes via an in-vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET). The results showed that the bioaccessibility of As was relatively high if the edible fungi were uncooked, boiled, or stir-fried. The gastric (G) bioaccessibility of As ranged from 51.7% to 93.0% and the gastrointestinal (GI) bioaccessibility of As ranged from 63.5% to 98.1%. Meanwhile, the bioaccessibility of inorganic As was found to be as high as 94.6% to 151%, which indicates that further evaluation of the potential health risks of wild edible fungi is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shaozhan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Huang X, Zhao B, Wu Y, Tan M, Shen L, Feng G, Yang X, Chen S, Xiong Y, Zhang E, Zhou H. The lead and cadmium content in rice and risk to human health in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278686. [PMID: 36520940 PMCID: PMC9754602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in rice in China, but have come to divergent conclusions. Therefore we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the available evidence on levels of Pb and Cd in rice in different regions of China in order to assess the potential risk to human health. The meta-analysis included 24 studies of Pb levels and 29 studies of Cd levels, published in 2011-2021. The pooled Pb concentration in rice was 0.10 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.08-0.11), while the pooled Cd concentration was 0.16 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.14-0.18). These levels are within the limits specified by national food safety standards. However, the total target hazard quotient for both metals exceeded 1.0 for adults and children, suggesting that rice consumption poses a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Huang
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlei Wu
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingtian Tan
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Guirong Feng
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yang
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing, China
| | - Youming Xiong
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
| | - En Zhang
- Food Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Sripada K, Lager AM. Interventions to reduce cadmium exposure in low- and middle-income countries during pregnancy and childhood: A systematic review. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04089. [DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sripada
- Centre for Digital Life Norway, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrian Madsen Lager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Zheng Z, Zhang C, Liu K, Liu Q. Volatile Organic Compounds, Evaluation Methods and Processing Properties for Cooked Rice Flavor. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:53. [PMID: 36309628 PMCID: PMC9617995 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as the main refined grain in China, has attracted much attention in terms of quality. Rice is usually consumed after cooking, and it is a commonly staple food. Nowdays, people's requirements for cooked rice focus more on the taste characteristics and quality. Furthermore, aroma is one of the primary sensory reference points, which is the most intuitive way for people to judge cooked rice. By integrating and analyzing the researches of cooked rice aroma identification in recent five years, this paper expounds the extraction and identification methods (sensory evaluation method, GC-MS, SPME, MOS sensors, electronic nose, etc.) of the flavor substances in cooked rice, as the processing methods and properties of cooked rice, and the volatile organic compounds of cooked rice under different conditions are summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zheng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kewei Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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10
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AlMulla AA, Dahlawi S, Randhawa MA, Zaman QU, Chen Y, Faraj TK. Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Hassawi Brown Rice: Fate during Cooking and Associated Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12125. [PMID: 36231427 PMCID: PMC9566630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice has been a dietary staple for centuries, providing vital nutrients to the human body. Brown rice is well known for its nutrient-dense food profile. However, owing to multiple causes (anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic), it can also be a potential source of toxic heavy metals in the diet. Brown Hassawi rice samples were collected from the Al-Ahsa region and analyzed for its content of toxic metals. The results reveal that all the tested metals varied significantly in the brown rice samples, while As and Pb in all three samples exceeded their respective maximum allowable limits (MALs), followed by Cd, which nearly approached the MAL in two samples out of three. Brown rice samples were cooked in rice:water systems, viz., low rice:water ratios (1:2.5, 1:3.5) and high rice:water ratios (1:5, 1:6), along with soaking as a pre-treatment. Soaking was unproductive in removing the heavy metals from the rice, whereas cooking dissipated all metals from the rice, except for Cd, which was statistically non-significant. The high-water cooking of the rice was more effective in the dissipation of metals from the rice as compared to low-water cooking conditions. Through the consumption of rice, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals is 162 g per person per day for As, which is above the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) regardless of cooking circumstances. The hazard risk index (HRI) also highlighted the fact that As can be a potential health hazard to rice consumers in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. These results indicate the potential health risks caused by the consumption of this rice by humans. Regular monitoring is recommended to manage and control elevated concentrations and related health hazards as a result of the use of Hassawi rice contaminated by the accumulation of metals and metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Abdulrahman AlMulla
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Dahlawi
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif Randhawa
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar uz Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Turki Kh. Faraj
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Bruce RM, Crandall PG, Atungulu GG, O'Bryan CA. Uncooked Rice Consumption: Causes, Implications, Regulation, and Interventions. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Bruce
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72704
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12
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Shraim AM, Ahmad MI, Rahman MSF, Ng JC. Concentrations of essential and toxic elements and health risk assessment in brown rice from Qatari market. Food Chem 2022; 376:131938. [PMID: 34992047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two brown rice varieties available in the Qatari market were analyzed for essential and toxic elements by ICP-MS. Found concentrations (µg/kg) were: As: 171 ± 78 (62-343), Cd: 42 ± 60 (4-253), Cr: 515 ± 69 (401-639), Pb: 6 ± 7 (<MDL-26), and U: 0.1 ± 0.5 (<MDL-2). One third of the samples contained high levels of arsenic. Significant differences (p < 0.008) in concentrations were observed for many elements based on both the grains' country of origin and size. Calculated carcinogenic risk according to published speciation data of inorganic arsenic and chromium(VI) available in the literature for rice is > 1 in million, may possibly be > 1 in 10,000 based on conservatively high brown rice consumption rates of 200 g/d or 400 g/d in Qatar. These elevated risks may be applicable to specific population subgroups with diabetic conditions who consume only brown rice. Non-cancer risks are mainly derived from Mn, V, Se, and Cd with a hazard index > 1 from some brown rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad M Shraim
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | | | | | - Jack C Ng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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13
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Li YQ, Chen CM, Liu N, Wang L. Cadmium-induced ultrastructural changes and apoptosis in the gill of freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23338-23351. [PMID: 34811609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to the freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana. The freshwater mussels were exposed to five concentrations of Cd (0 mg/L, 8.43 mg/L, 16.86 mg/L, 33.72 mg/L, and 67.45 mg/L) for up to 96 h. The 24-h, 48-h, 72-h, and 96-h LC50 values for Cd were estimated as 562.3 mg/L, 331.1 mg/L, 182.0 mg/L, and 134.9 mg/L, respectively. Caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Ca-ATPase activities; protein and H2O2 levels; DNA fragmentation; and ultrastructure of the gill were also investigated. The activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in mussels were increased by Cd in a dose-dependent manner, where higher doses of Cd (33.72 mg/L and 67.45 mg/L) significantly increased the enzyme activities compared to the controls (P < 0.05). The caspase-8 activity was significantly depressed by a low dose of Cd (8.43 mg/L) but was clearly induced by higher doses of Cd (16.86 mg/L, 33.72 mg/L, and 67.45 mg/L) (P < 0.05). The Ca-ATPase activity and H2O2 levels were elevated and reached maximum values under the medium dose of Cd (16.86 mg/L). However, protein levels were decreased by Cd in an inverse dose-dependent manner. In the gills of the mussels, Cd treatment induced DNA fragmentation as demonstrated by DNA ladders observed via agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, ultrastructural alterations in gill cells of mussels treated with Cd (16.86 mg/L and 67.45 mg/L) for 96 h were observed by electronic microscopy. The ultrastructure abnormalities were characterized by the following features: (1) a disordered arrangement and breaking off of microvilli of epithelial cells; (2) chromatin condensed near the nuclear membrane and the appearances of extremely irregular nuclei, some with a fingerlike shape and an unclear, swollen, invaginated, or ruptured nuclear membrane and apoptotic bodies; (3) swollen and vacuolating mitochondria, some with disintegrated or missing cristae; (4) a disintegrated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing different sizes of vesicles; and (5) shrinking and deformation of Golgi bodies with decreased vesicle numbers. Our results demonstrated that Cd could activate caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Ca-ATPase; cause ultrastructural changes; and produce DNA fragmentation in the mussels investigated. Based on the information obtained through this study, it is reasonable to conclude that Cd can induce apoptosis in the gills of the mussels, eventually leading to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Quan Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chien M Chen
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Na Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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14
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Potentially toxic elements in vegetable and rice species in Bangladesh and their exposure assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Moulick D, Samanta S, Sarkar S, Mukherjee A, Pattnaik BK, Saha S, Awasthi JP, Bhowmick S, Ghosh D, Samal AC, Mahanta S, Mazumder MK, Choudhury S, Bramhachari K, Biswas JK, Santra SC. Arsenic contamination, impact and mitigation strategies in rice agro-environment: An inclusive insight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149477. [PMID: 34426348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination and its adverse consequences on rice agroecosystem are well known. Rice has the credit to feed more than 50% of the world population but concurrently, rice accumulates a substantial amount of As, thereby compromising food security. The gravity of the situation lays in the fact that the population in theAs uncontaminated areas may be accidentally exposed to toxic levels of As from rice consumption. In this review, we are trying to summarize the documents on the impact of As contamination and phytotoxicity in past two decades. The unique feature of this attempt is wide spectrum coverages of topics, and that makes it truly an interdisciplinary review. Aprat from the behaviour of As in rice field soil, we have documented the cellular and molecular response of rice plant upon exposure to As. The potential of various mitigation strategies with particular emphasis on using biochar, seed priming technology, irrigation management, transgenic variety development and other agronomic methods have been critically explored. The review attempts to give a comprehensive and multidiciplinary insight into the behaviour of As in Paddy -Water - Soil - Plate prospective from molecular to post-harvest phase. From the comprehensive literature review, we may conclude that considerable emphasis on rice grain, nutritional and anti-nutritional components, and grain quality traits under arsenic stress condition is yet to be given. Besides these, some emerging mitigation options like seed priming technology, adoption of nanotechnological strategies, applications of biochar should be fortified in large scale without interfering with the proper use of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Suman Samanta
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arkabanee Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.
| | - Binaya Kumar Pattnaik
- Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Saikat Saha
- Nadia Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, Nadia 741234, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jay Prakash Awasthi
- Department of Botany, Government College Lamta, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh 481551, India.
| | - Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India.
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Alok Chandra Samal
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subrata Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Jamshedpur, Adityapur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014, India.
| | | | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Koushik Bramhachari
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhas Chandra Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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16
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Xu FF, Song J, Li YQ, Lai YF, Lin J, Pan JL, Chi HQ, Wang Y, Li ZY, Zhang GQ, Cai ZF, Liang XX, Ma AD, Tan CT, Wu WL, Yang XF. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability adjusted dietary exposure of cadmium for local residents from a high-level environmental cadmium region. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126550. [PMID: 34252664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The critical health risks caused by cadmium (Cd) via dietary exposure are commonly assessed by detecting Cd concentrations in foods. Differently, in this study, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd in major local harvests were introduced to assess the dietary exposure of local residents from a high-level environmental Cd region. The results indicated that certain Cd was released into the digestive juice after in vitro digestion with a bioaccessibility of 20-63% for rice and 3-32% for leafy vegetables, and the released portion was partially absorbed by Caco-2 cells with a bioavailability of 2-21% for rice and 0.2-13% for leafy vegetables. The results obtained from the toxicokinetic model revealed that the predicted urinary Cd values from the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Cd, which accounted for bioaccessibility and bioavailability, were consistent with the actual measured values, and the EDIs were considerably lower than the acceptable daily intake. This suggests that the bioaccessibility and bioavailability adjusted dietary Cd exposure should be more precise. The key issues addressed in our study implores that a potential health risk cannot be neglected in people with high consumption of rice from high-level zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Xu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yue-Qi Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yue-Fei Lai
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jun Lin
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jia-Liang Pan
- Hygiene Detection Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hui-Qin Chi
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zi-Yin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Gao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhan-Fan Cai
- Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection (Guangdong Inspection Center of Wine and Spirits), Guangzhou 510435, PR China
| | - Xu-Xia Liang
- Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection (Guangdong Inspection Center of Wine and Spirits), Guangzhou 510435, PR China
| | - An-De Ma
- Hygiene Detection Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chu-Ting Tan
- Department of Nutrition, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, PR China
| | - Wei-Liang Wu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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17
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Yang R, He Y, Luo L, Zhu M, Zan S, Guo F, Wang B, Yang B. The interaction between selenium and cadmium in the soil-rice-human continuum in an area with high geological background of selenium and cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112516. [PMID: 34273847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural selenium (Se)-rich areas in China are generally characterized by high geological background of cadmium (Cd). However, the interaction between Se and Cd in the soil-rice-human continuum in such areas remains elusive. The concentrations, bioaccessibilities, and biomarkers of Se and Cd in a typical Se-Cd rich area were determined through chemical analysis, in vitro digestion model and cross-sectional study, respectively. The results showed that the molar ratio of available Se/Cd in the soil was averaged at 0.55 and soil Se did not reduce Cd accumulation and transportation in rice. Se bioaccessibility increased from the gastric phase to the intestinal phase, but the opposite was the case for Cd bioaccessibility. Moreover, bioaccessible concentration of Cd was positively correlated to corresponding total concentration in rice but negatively associated with the logarithm of molar ratio of Se/Cd. The risk of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity for the exposure group was not higher than the reference group, which could be ascribed to the mitigative effect of Se. Males and elders were at higher risk of Cd-induced injury owing to higher urinary Cd (U-Cd) and β2-microglobulin (U-β2-MG), and lower urinary Se (U-Se). Our results suggested that Cd-induced health risk should be assessed from a soil-rice-human perspective and the interaction between Se and Cd should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yuhuan He
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Linfeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shuting Zan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fuyu Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Beibei Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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18
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Colombo R, Ferron L, Frosi I, Papetti A. Advances in static in vitro digestion models after the COST action Infogest consensus protocol. Food Funct 2021; 12:7619-7636. [PMID: 34250533 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro digestion models are essential to predictively evaluate the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of food molecules or natural products. Dynamic models better simulate the gastrointestinal conditions as they reproduce similar physiological environments. Despite this, static methods, also known as biochemical methods, represent a simple and useful approach for the study of different types of molecules, with a broad applicability in the nutritional, pharmaceutical, and toxicological fields. In addition, static models can be validated, avoiding the disadvantage of a difficult reproducibility of dynamic in vitro systems and inter-individual variations of in vivo experiments. A crucial point in the standardization of static models was the COST Action Infogest in 2014, which elaborated an international consensus static digestion method to harmonize experimental conditions and has general guidelines, thus allowing the comparison of studies and data. The aim of our review is to underline the impact of the Infogest consensus method and the development and evolution of in vitro static methods in the following years, with a focus on food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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19
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Antioxidant activity stability and digestibility of protein from Se-enriched germinated brown rice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Effects of washing, blanching, freezing storage, and cooking on cadmium, arsenic, and lead bioaccessibilities in green wheat. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Mohammadi F, Marti A, Nayebzadeh K, Hosseini SM, Tajdar-Oranj B, Jazaeri S. Effect of washing, soaking and pH in combination with ultrasound on enzymatic rancidity, phytic acid, heavy metals and coliforms of rice bran. Food Chem 2020; 334:127583. [PMID: 32711273 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous reduction in activity of fat destabilizing enzymes (lipase and lipoxygenase), contaminants heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), antinutrient phytic acid and hazardous coliforms in rice bran was investigated. Application of washing, soaking the washed sample at different pH values (2, 6 and 9) alone or in combination with ultrasonication were examined. While washing was beneficial, its low efficiency acquired further treatment, which was prevailed by application of acidic pH and ultrasound (28 kHz) treatments. Free fatty acids and peroxide value, as indicators of enzymes activity, implied the effectiveness of treatments with adverse impact of sonication on peroxide value. Remarkably, reduction of dominant heavy metals (As, Pb and Zn) and phytic acid were synergistically facilitated by sonication. Coliforms growth was inhibited at pH 2 even at the absence of ultrasonic treatment. Evidently, combination of acidic pH and ultrasound is a practical approach to improve rice bran stability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/Faculty of Nutrition Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Kooshan Nayebzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/Faculty of Nutrition Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Marzieh Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/Faculty of Nutrition Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-Oranj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/Faculty of Nutrition Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Jazaeri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute/Faculty of Nutrition Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Frouin J, Labeyrie A, Boisnard A, Sacchi GA, Ahmadi N. Genomic prediction offers the most effective marker assisted breeding approach for ability to prevent arsenic accumulation in rice grains. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217516. [PMID: 31194746 PMCID: PMC6563978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The high concentration of arsenic (As) in rice grains, in a large proportion of the rice growing areas, is a critical issue. This study explores the feasibility of conventional (QTL-based) marker-assisted selection and genomic selection to improve the ability of rice to prevent As uptake and accumulation in the edible grains. A japonica diversity panel (RP) of 228 accessions phenotyped for As concentration in the flag leaf (FL-As) and in the dehulled grain (CG-As), and genotyped at 22,370 SNP loci, was used to map QTLs by association analysis (GWAS) and to train genomic prediction models. Similar phenotypic and genotypic data from 95 advanced breeding lines (VP) with japonica genetic backgrounds, was used to validate related QTLs mapped in the RP through GWAS and to evaluate the predictive ability of across populations (RP-VP) genomic estimate of breeding value (GEBV) for As exclusion. Several QTLs for FL-As and CG-As with a low-medium individual effect were detected in the RP, of which some colocalized with known QTLs and candidate genes. However, less than 10% of those QTLs could be validated in the VP without loosening colocalization parameters. Conversely, the average predictive ability of across populations GEBV was rather high, 0.43 for FL-As and 0.48 for CG-As, ensuring genetic gains per time unit close to phenotypic selection. The implications of the limited robustness of the GWAS results and the rather high predictive ability of genomic prediction are discussed for breeding rice for significantly low arsenic uptake and accumulation in the edible grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Frouin
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Axel Labeyrie
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nourollah Ahmadi
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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23
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Kumarathilaka P, Seneweera S, Ok YS, Meharg A, Bundschuh J. Arsenic in cooked rice foods: Assessing health risks and mitigation options. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:584-591. [PMID: 30986740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to arsenic (As) through the consumption of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a worldwide health concern. In this paper, we evaluated the major causes for high inorganic As levels in cooked rice foods, and the potential of post-harvesting and cooking options for decreasing inorganic As content in cooked rice, focusing particularly on As endemic areas. The key factors for high As concentration in cooked rice in As endemic areas are: (1) rice cultivation on As-contaminated paddy soils; (2) use of raw rice grains which exceed 200 μg kg-1 of inorganic As to cook rice; and (3) use of As-contaminated water for cooking rice. In vitro and in vivo methods can provide useful information regarding the bioaccessibility of As in the gastrointestinal tract. Urinary levels of As can also be used as a valid measure of As exposure in humans. Polishing of raw rice grains has been found to be a method to decrease total As content in cooked rice. Sequential washing of raw rice grains and use of an excess volume of water for cooking also decrease As content in cooked rice. The major concern with those methods (i.e. polishing of raw rice, sequential washing of raw rice, and use of excess volume of water for cooking rice) is the decreased nutrient content in the cooked rice. Cooking rice in percolating water has recently gained significant attention as a way to decrease As content in cooked rice. Introducing and promoting rainwater harvesting systems in As endemic areas may be a sustainable way of reducing the use of As-contaminated water for cooking purposes. In conclusion, post-harvesting methods and changes in cooking practices could reduce As content in cooked rice to a greater extent. Research gaps and directions for future studies in relation to different post-harvesting and cooking practices, and rainwater harvesting systems are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumarathilaka
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Centre for Crop Health, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
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24
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Liu K, Zheng J, Wang X, Chen F. Effects of household cooking processes on mineral, vitamin B, and phytic acid contents and mineral bioaccessibility in rice. Food Chem 2019; 280:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Upadhyay MK, Shukla A, Yadav P, Srivastava S. A review of arsenic in crops, vegetables, animals and food products. Food Chem 2019; 276:608-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Liu K, Zheng J, Chen F. Effect of domestic cooking on rice protein digestibility. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:608-616. [PMID: 30847140 PMCID: PMC6392838 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of washing, soaking, and common domestic cooking methods (normal cooking, high-pressure cooking, and microwave cooking) on protein content, in vitro protein digestibility, and amino acid composition of japonica and indica rice were investigated. All processes in rice domestic cooking did not affect protein content. However, the gastric and gastrointestinal protein digestibilities decreased significantly after cooking. Protein solubility methods were used to observe the formation of disulfide bonds and hydrophobicity interactions after cooking. Disulfide bonds and hydrophobicity interactions were formed during cooking, and the cooking-induced disulfide bond cross-linking decreased the protein digestibility observably. Moreover, the solubility of 13 kDa prolamin subunit sharply decreased after cooking due to intramolecular disulfide bond cross-linking. Therefore, cooking-induced formation of intramolecular disulfide linkages might stabilize and strengthen the structure of protein body-I, which exhibited strong resistance to proteases, particularly pepsin. Cooking had limited effect on amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiabao Zheng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhouChina
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Hu L, Zhang B, Wu D, Fan H, Tu J, Liu W, Huang R, Huang X. Estimation of arsenic bioaccessibility in raw and cooked radish using simulated in vitro digestion. Food Funct 2019; 10:1426-1432. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boiled cooking should be recommended when we consume As-contaminated vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Education
- School of Resource
- Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- China
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of the Ministry of Education
- School of Resource
- Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Houbao Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology
- Nanchang Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330099
- China
| | - Jie Tu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology
- Nanchang Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330099
- China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology
- Nanchang Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330099
- China
| | - Rongzhen Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology
- Nanchang Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330099
- China
| | - Xueping Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology
- Nanchang Institute of Technology
- Nanchang 330099
- China
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