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Nordin N, Hasbullah NH, Abu Bakar N. Comprehensive analysis of alcohol compounds in commercial instant coffee: A validated 1H NMR spectroscopy study within the Islamic paradigm. Food Chem 2024; 458:140236. [PMID: 38959805 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Coffee, a globally consumed beverage, has raised concerns in Islamic jurisprudence due to the possible presence of alcohol compounds. This research aims to utilise the sensitivity and reliability of 1H NMR spectroscopy in the quantification of alcohol compounds such as ethanol, furfuryl alcohol, and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) in commercial instant coffee. Analysis of seven products was performed using advanced 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with Statistical Total Correlation Spectroscopy (STOCSY) and Resolution-Enhanced (RED)-STORM. The analysis of the 100 mg sample revealed the absence of ethanol. The amount of furfuryl alcohol and HMF in the selected commercial instant coffee samples was 0.817 μg and 0.0553 μg, respectively. This study demonstrates the utility of 1H NMR spectroscopy in accurate quantification of trace components for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdiana Nordin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Helwani Hasbullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurfarhanim Abu Bakar
- Department of Engineering and Sciences, American Degree Program, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Taylor's University, Taylor's Lakeside Campus, No. 1 Jalan Taylor, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Ciepielowski G, Krassowski J, Albrecht Ł, Pacholczyk-Sienicka B. Identifying the botanical origin of alcohol using 2H SNIF NMR: A case study of "polish vodka" PGI. Food Chem 2024; 463:141218. [PMID: 39276548 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized 2H SNIF NMR and chemometric techniques to differentiate the botanical origin of raw materials used in vodka production in Poland, specifically focusing on plants with C3 metabolism such as grain, potato, and sugar beet. Additionally, for the first time, mixtures of alcohols from different C3 plants were analysed to detect adulteration. Our goal was to determine if it is possible to detect the addition of a different raw material in vodka made from a mixture of alcohols derived from C3 plants. Significant isotopic differences were confirmed using analysis of variance and Tukey's tests. Linear relationships in grain-potato, grain-sugar beet, and beet-potato mixtures enabled composition determination. The detectability threshold for adulterants ranged from 10 % to 50 %, depending on the type of raw material. Our findings suggest that 2H SNIF-NMR is an effective tool for authenticating vodka and detecting adulteration in products marketed as "Polish vodka."
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Ciepielowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; Product Authentication Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Krassowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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3
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He X, Gbiorczyk K, Jeleń HH. Can Volatiles Fingerprints be an Alternative to Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry in the Botanical Origin Determination of Spirits? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2637-2643. [PMID: 36701260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry based quasi-electronic nose using solid-phase microextraction to introduce volatiles directly to mass spectrometer without chromatographic separation (HS-SPME-MS) was used to discriminate 45 raw spirits produced from C3 (potato, rye, wheat) and C4 (corn, sorghum) plants. The samples were also subjected to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which unequivocally distinguished C3 from C4 samples; however, no clear differentiation was observed for C3 samples. On the contrary, HS-SPME-MS, which uses unresolved volatile compounds "fingerprints" in a form of ions of a given m/z range and various intensities provided excellent sample classification and prediction after OPLS-DA data processing verified also by the artificial neural network (ANN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Henryk H Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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4
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Meier UC. Forensic analysis of the deuterium/hydrogen isotopic ratios of the nerve agent sarin, its reaction by-product diisopropyl methylphosphonate and their precursors by 2H SNIF-NMR. Talanta 2023; 253:123890. [PMID: 36116239 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Deuterium/Hydrogen (D/H) isotope ratios of sarin (5), diisopropyl methylphosphonate (3) and their precursors Isopropanol (1), methylphosphonic acid dichloride (2) and methylphosphonic acid difluoride (4) were measured by the 2H SNIF-NMR technique. The D/H isotope ratios of 1 show a large variation. It is shown, that the formation of 3 by reaction of 1 with 2, the fluorination of 2 to form 4 and the reaction of 4 with 1 to form 5, the D/H isotope ratios of the methyl and isopropyl moieties in 3, 4 and 5 are not significantly changed compared to 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs C Meier
- Swiss Federal Institute for NBC-Protection, Spiez Laboratory, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland.
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5
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Gajek M, Pawlaczyk A, Maćkiewicz E, Albińska J, Wysocki P, Jóźwik K, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI. Assessment of the Authenticity of Whisky Samples Based on the Multi-Elemental and Multivariate Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182810. [PMID: 36140938 PMCID: PMC9498178 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred and five samples of whisky, including 170 authentic and 35 fake products, were analyzed in terms of their elemental profiles in order to distinguish them according to the parameter of their authenticity. The study of 31 elements (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Te, Tl, U, V, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, S, Ti and Zn) was performed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption (CVAAS) techniques. Additionally, the pH values of all samples were determined by pH-meter, and their isotopic ratios of 88Sr/86Sr, 84Sr/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr and 63Cu/65Cu were assessed, based on the number of counts by ICP-MS. As a result of conducted research, elements, such as Mn, K, P and S, were identified as markers of whisky adulteration related to the age of alcohol. The concentrations of manganese, potassium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the fake samples (which were not aged, or the aging period was much shorter than legally required), compared to the original samples (in all cases subjected to the aging process). The observed differences were related to the migration of these elements from wooden barrels to the alcohol contained in them. On the other hand, the sulfur concentration in the processed samples was much higher in the counterfeit samples than in the authentic ones. The total sulfur content, such as that of alkyl sulfides, decreases in alcohol with aging in the barrels. Furthermore, counterfeit samples can be of variable origin and composition, so they cannot be characterized as one group with identical or comparable features. Repeatedly, the element of randomness dominates in the production of these kinds of alcohols. However, as indicated in this work, the extensive elemental analysis supported by statistical tools can be helpful, especially in the context of detecting age-related adulteration of whisky. The results presented in this paper are the final part of a comprehensive study on the influence of selected factors on the elemental composition of whisky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-631-30-95
| | - Aleksandra Pawlaczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Albińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Wysocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Turbomachinery, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 219/223, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Chen Z, Xie L, Lei W, Deng H, Chen M, Xiang P, Su M, Di B, Chen H. Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis Combined with Likelihood Ratio as a New Tool for Establishing Ethanol Origin. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Quality assessment and chemical diversity of Australian propolis from Apis mellifera bees. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13574. [PMID: 35945451 PMCID: PMC9362168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The propolis industry is well established in European, South American and East Asian countries. Within Australia, this industry is beginning to emerge with a few small-scale producers. To contribute to the development of the Australian propolis industry, the present study aimed to examine the quality and chemical diversity of propolis collected from various regions across Australia. The results of testing 158 samples indicated that Australian propolis had pure resin yielding from 2 to 81% by weight, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in one gram of dry extract ranging from a few up to 181 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 145 mg of quercetin equivalent, respectively. Some Australian propolis showed more potent antioxidant activity than the well-known Brazilian green, Brazilian red, and Uruguayan and New Zealand poplar-type propolis in an in vitro DPPH assay. In addition, an HPLC–UV analysis resulted in the identification of 16 Australian propolis types which can be considered as high-grade propolis owing to their high total phenolic content. Chemometric analysis of their 1H NMR spectra revealed that propolis originating from the eastern and western coasts of Australia could be significantly discriminated based on their chemical composition.
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Tabago MKAG, Calingacion MN, Garcia J. Recent advances in NMR-based metabolomics of alcoholic beverages. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 2:100009. [PMID: 35415632 PMCID: PMC8991939 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2020.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages have a complex chemistry that can be influenced by their alcoholic content, origin, fermentation process, additives, and contaminants. The complex composition of these beverages leave them susceptible to fraud, potentially compromising their authenticity, quality, and market value, thus increasing risks to consumers' health. In recent years, intensive studies have been carried out on alcoholic beverages using different analytical techniques to evaluate the authenticity, variety, age, and fermentation processes that were used. Among these techniques, NMR-based metabolomics holds promise in profiling the chemistry of alcoholic beverages, especially in Asia where metabolomics studies on alcoholic beverages remain limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krizel Anne G. Tabago
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, Metro Manila 1004, Philippines
| | - Mariafe N. Calingacion
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, Metro Manila 1004, Philippines
| | - Joel Garcia
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, Metro Manila 1004, Philippines
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Herbert-Pucheta JE, Lozada-Ramírez JD, Ortega-Regules AE, Hernández LR, Anaya de Parrodi C. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics with Double Pulsed-Field-Gradient Echo and Automatized Solvent Suppression Spectroscopy for Multivariate Data Matrix Applied in Novel Wine and Juice Discriminant Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144146. [PMID: 34299421 PMCID: PMC8307358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of foods has led researchers to use various analytical methods to determine the amounts of principal food constituents; some of them are the NMR techniques with a multivariate statistical analysis (NMR-MSA). The present work introduces a set of NMR-MSA novelties. First, the use of a double pulsed-field-gradient echo (DPFGE) experiment with a refocusing band-selective uniform response pure-phase selective pulse for the selective excitation of a 5–10-ppm range of wine samples reveals novel broad 1H resonances. Second, an NMR-MSA foodomics approach to discriminate between wine samples produced from the same Cabernet Sauvignon variety fermented with different yeast strains proposed for large-scale alcohol reductions. Third a comparative study between a nonsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA), supervised standard partial (PLS-DA), and sparse (sPLS-DA) least squares discriminant analysis, as well as orthogonal projections to a latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), for obtaining holistic fingerprints. The MSA discriminated between different Cabernet Sauvignon fermentation schemes and juice varieties (apple, apricot, and orange) or juice authentications (puree, nectar, concentrated, and commercial juice fruit drinks). The new pulse sequence DPFGE demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity in the aromatic zone of wine samples, allowing a better application of different unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Enrique Herbert-Pucheta
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 38.5, Chapingo, Estado de México 56230, Mexico;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - José Daniel Lozada-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
| | - Ana E. Ortega-Regules
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
| | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (L.R.H.); (C.A.d.P.); Tel.: +52-222-2292412 (L.R.H.); +52-222-2292005 (C.A.d.P.)
| | - Cecilia Anaya de Parrodi
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (L.R.H.); (C.A.d.P.); Tel.: +52-222-2292412 (L.R.H.); +52-222-2292005 (C.A.d.P.)
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Ciepielowski G, Pacholczyk-Sienicka B, Klajman K, Paneth P, Albrecht Ł. The influence of experimental parameters on quantitative deuterium measurements for ethyl alcohols of different origin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1812-1815. [PMID: 31821575 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative determination with site-specific natural isotope fractionation nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF-NMR) has been exploited widely in detecting adulteration and for the classification of natural products by their geographical origin. RESULTS We compared isotopic parameters such as deuterium / hydrogen (D/H) site specific ratios and the R parameter for alcoholic beverages, obtained using (i) a 500 MHz spectrometer equipped with a dedicated probe for isotopic measurements, and (ii) a 700 MHz spectrometer equipped with a standard probe. The factors affecting the accuracy and precision of quantitative NMR with the second instrument have been explored. CONCLUSIONS It has been demonstrated that, in laboratories with a spectrometer that is not equipped with a specific deuterium probe, the selection of the appropriate experimental parameters enables measurements with a similar precision and accuracy as in the case of the official method adopted by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Ciepielowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- Product Authentication Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Klajman
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- Product Authentication Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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