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Zambrano V, Bustos R, Arozarena Y, Mahn A. Optimization of a Microencapsulation Process Using Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsion to Increase Thermal Stability of Sulforaphane. Foods 2023; 12:3869. [PMID: 37893763 PMCID: PMC10606704 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a bioactive compound widely studied for its potential applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries since it offers health benefits due to its nature as a Phase 2 enzyme inducer. Its application in the food industry has been limited because SFN is unstable at high temperatures in an aqueous milieu. An option to increase SFN stability and protect it from thermal degradation is microencapsulation. The aim of this work was to optimize a microencapsulation process using oil-in-water emulsion to increase the thermal stability of SFN. The operation conditions that gave the highest entrapment efficiency were determined via experimental design and response surface methodology. Thermal degradation of microencapsulated SFN was studied at 37, 50, 60, and 70 °C. The optimum microencapsulation conditions were 8 min stirring, SFN/Gum Arabic ratio of 0.82, and surfactant/oil ratio of 1.0, resulting in an entrapment efficiency of 65%, which is the highest reported so far. The thermal stability of microencapsulated SFN was greatly enhanced compared with free SFN, with a 6-fold decrease in the degradation kinetic constant and a 41% increase in the activation energy. These results will contribute to a more efficient incorporation of SFN in various food matrices and explore new microencapsulation technologies to maximize the efficiency and stability of SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Zambrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (V.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Rubén Bustos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (V.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Yipsy Arozarena
- Food Science and Technology Doctorate Program, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (V.Z.); (R.B.)
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Abellán Á, Domínguez-Perles R, Giménez MJ, Zapata PJ, Valero D, García-Viguera C. The development of a broccoli supplemented beer allows obtaining a valuable dietary source of sulforaphane. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ding D, Jiang H, Salvi R. Cochlear spiral ganglion neuron degeneration following cyclodextrin-induced hearing loss. Hear Res 2020; 400:108125. [PMID: 33302057 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Because cyclodextrins are capable of removing cholesterol from cell membranes, there is growing interest in using these compounds to treat diseases linked to aberrant cholesterol metabolism. One compound, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), is currently being evaluated as a treatment for Niemann-Pick Type C1 disease, a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the buildup of lipids in endosomes and lysosomes. HPβCD can reduce some debilitating symptoms and extend life span, but the therapeutic doses used to treat the disease cause hearing loss. Initial studies in rodents suggested that HPβCD selectively damaged only cochlear outer hair cells during the first week post-treatment. However, our recent in vivo and in vitro studies suggested that the damage could become progressively worse and more extensive over time. To test this hypothesis, we treated rats subcutaneously with 1, 2, 3 or 4 g/kg of HPβCD and waited for 8-weeks to assess the long-term histological consequences. Our new results indicate that the two highest doses of HPβCD caused extensive damage not only to OHC, but also to inner hair cells, pillar cells and other support cells resulting in the collapse and flattening of the sensory epithelium. The 4 g/kg dose destroyed all the outer hair cells and three-fourths of the inner hair cells over the basal two-thirds of the cochlea and more than 85% of the nerve fibers in the habenula perforata and more than 80% of spiral ganglion neurons in the middle of basal turn of the cochlea. The mechanisms that lead to the delayed degeneration of inner hair cells, pillar cells, nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons remain poorly understood, but may be related to the loss of trophic support caused by the degeneration of sensory and/or support cells in the organ of Corti. Despite the massive damage to the cochlear sensory epithelium, the blood vessels in the stria vascularis and the vestibular hair cells in the utricle and saccule remained normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14221, USA
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14221, USA
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14221, USA.
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Ilahy R, Tlili I, Pék Z, Montefusco A, Siddiqui MW, Homa F, Hdider C, R'Him T, Lajos H, Lenucci MS. Pre- and Post-harvest Factors Affecting Glucosinolate Content in Broccoli. Front Nutr 2020; 7:147. [PMID: 33015121 PMCID: PMC7511755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to several presumed health-promoting biological activities, increased attention is being given to natural plant chemicals, especially those frequently entering the human diet. Glucosinolates (GLs) are the main bioactive compounds found in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck). Their regular dietary assumption has been correlated with reduced risk of various types of neoplasms (lung, colon, pancreatic, breast, bladder, and prostate cancers), some degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular pathologies. GL's synthesis pathway and regulation mechanism have been elucidated mainly in Arabidopsis. However, nearly 56 putative genes have been identified as involved in the B. oleracea GL pathway. It is widely recognized that there are several pre-harvest (genotype, growing environment, cultural practices, ripening stage, etc.) and post-harvest (harvesting, post-harvest treatments, packaging, storage, etc.) factors that affect GL synthesis, profiles, and levels in broccoli. Understanding how these factors act and interact in driving GL accumulation in the edible parts is essential for developing new broccoli cultivars with improved health-promoting bioactivity. In this regard, any systematic and comprehensive review outlining the effects of pre- and post-harvest factors on the accumulation of GLs in broccoli is not yet available. Thus, the goal of this paper is to fill this gap by giving a synoptic overview of the most relevant and recent literature. The existence of substantial cultivar-to-cultivar variation in GL content in response to pre-harvest factors and post-harvest manipulations has been highlighted and discussed. The paper also stresses the need for adapting particular pre- and post-harvest procedures for each particular genotype in order to maintain nutritious, fresh-like quality throughout the broccoli value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zoltán Pék
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Montefusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Fozia Homa
- Department of Statistics, Mathematics, and Computer Application, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya R'Him
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helyes Lajos
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
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Astray G, Mejuto J, Simal-Gandara J. Latest developments in the application of cyclodextrin host-guest complexes in beverage technology processes. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zambrano V, Bustos R, Mahn A. Insights about stabilization of sulforaphane through microencapsulation. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02951. [PMID: 31844781 PMCID: PMC6895643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The health–promoting properties of sulforaphane (SFN) are well known, however its instability is still a hurdle for its incorporation into food matrices. SFN can be stabilized by microencapsulation, technique sparingly explored for isothiocyanates so far. This review summarizes the advances in microencapsulation of SFN and other isothiocyanates. Encapsulation efficiency and degradation rate of sulforaphane in different systems are compared and discussed. Ionic gelation and complex coacervation seem more adequate for SFN, both underexplored until now. Drying conditions after chemical encapsulation are determinant, most likely related to thermal degradation of SFN. The current information is insufficient to identify the most adequate encapsulation system and the optimal process conditions to stabilize SFN aiming at its incorporation into food matrices. Accordingly, encapsulation conditions should be investigated, which arises as a new research line. Stability studies are encouraged since this information will help in designing SFN microencapsulation strategies that extend the industrial application of this promising health-promoting compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Zambrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén Bustos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
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