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Dhull SB, Chandak A, Chawla P, Goksen G, Rose PK, Rani J. Modifications of native lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) rhizome starch and its overall characterization: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127543. [PMID: 37866555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) rhizomes are an under-utilized and sustainable starch source that constitutes up to 20 % starch. The review mainly focused on the extraction methods of starch, the chemical composition of LRS, and techno-functional characteristics such as swelling power, solubility, in vitro digestibility, pasting property, and gelatinization is highlighted in LRS review. Lotus rhizome starch (LRS) is also used as a water retention agent, thickening, gelling, stabilizing, and filling in food and non-food applications. Native starch has limited functional characteristics in food applications so by modifying the starch, functional characteristics are enhanced. Single and dual treatment processes are available to enhance microstructural properties, resistant starch, techno-functional, morphological, and, film-forming properties. Compared with other starch sources, there is a lack of systematic information on the LRS. Many industries are interested in developing food products based on starch such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, edible films, and many others. Additionally, there are several recommendations to improve the applications in the food industry. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future possibility of LRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Bala Dhull
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India.
| | - Ankita Chandak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India.
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Pawan Kumar Rose
- Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India
| | - Jyoti Rani
- Department of Botany, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana 125055, India
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Mao S, Li F, Zhou X, Lu C, Zhang T. Characterization and sustained release study of starch-based films loaded with carvacrol: A promising UV-shielding and bioactive nanocomposite film. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Effects of Cross-Linking on Physicochemical and Film Properties of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) Seed Starch. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193069. [PMID: 36230145 PMCID: PMC9563257 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus seed starch was cross-linked using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in varying amounts (1, 3, and 5%), and its rheological, pasting, thermal, and physicochemical properties were investigated. These cross-linked lotus seed starches (CL-LS-1, CL-LS-3, CL-LS-5) were also used to produce films (CL-LSFs), which were then examined for their mechanical characteristics, water vapor permeability, moisture content, opacity, thickness, and water solubility. After cross-linking, the solubility, amylose content, and swelling power of all the starch samples decreased. Cross-linking resulted in an increased pasting temperature, while peak viscosity (PV) decreased, with CL-LS-5 exhibiting the lowest peak viscosity (1640.22 MPa·s). In comparison to native starch, the thermal characteristics of CL-LS demonstrated greater gelatinization temperatures (To, Tp, Tc) and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔHgel). The gelatinization enthalpy of CL-LS varied between 152.70 and 214.16 J/g, while for native LS the value was 177.91 J/g. Lower moisture content, water solubility, and water vapor permeability were observed in the CL-LSFs. However, the cross-linking modification did not produce much effect on the film thickness. The highest tensile strength (12.52 MPa) and lowest elongation at break (26.11%) were found in CL-LSF-5. Thus, the starch films’ barrier and mechanical qualities were enhanced by cross-linking.
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Beer-Lech K, Skic A, Skic K, Stropek Z, Arczewska M. Effect of Psyllium Husk Addition on the Structural and Physical Properties of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch Film. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134459. [PMID: 35806583 PMCID: PMC9267890 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The research subject was the analysis of the microstructure, barrier properties, and mechanical resistance of the psyllium husk (PH)-modified thermoplastic starch films. The tensile tests under various static loading conditions were not performed by researchers for this type of material before and are essential for a more precise assessment of the material’s behavior under the conditions of its subsequent use. The film samples were manufactured by the casting method. PH addition improved starch gelatinization and caused a decrease in failure strain by 86% and an increase in failure stress by 48% compared to pure films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed the formation of additional hydrogen bonds between polysaccharides in starch and PH. An increase in the number of hydrophilic groups in the modified films resulted in a faster contact angle decrease (27.4% compared to 12.8% for pure ones within the first 5 s); however, it increased the energy of water binding and surface complexity. The modified films showed the opacity at 600 nm, 43% higher than in the pure starch film, and lower transmittance, suggesting effectively improving barrier properties to UV light, a potent lipid-oxidizing agent in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Beer-Lech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automatic Control, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Skic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automatic Control, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Doświadczalna St., 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Stropek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automatic Control, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 28 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Marta Arczewska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Degradable photo-crosslinked starch-based films with excellent shape memory property. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1685-1693. [PMID: 34748788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the increasingly serious plastic pollution, people's demand for the multi-functional biodegradable plastics is becoming more and more urgent. Inspired by the crosslinked shape memory polymers, the crosslinked starch films were synthesized by inducing the decomposition of benzophenone into free radical and depriving hydrogen on starch macromolecules under UV irradiation, in order to gain a high shape memory performance. The results showed that a three-dimensional crosslinking network between starch macromolecule chains was formed. Compared with the uncrosslinked starch films, the photo-crosslinked films not only had higher mechanical property (tensile strength increased by 154%), but also had better water resistance (water contact angle from 60° to 87°) due to the reduction of free hydroxyl groups. In addition, the stable covalent bonds serving as netpoints endow photo-crosslinked films with great improvement in shape memory property, with nearly 180° bending recovery. More importantly, the maximum shape memory fixity ratio (Rf) and shape memory recovery ratio (Rr) under stretch deformation were 96.5% and 99.8%, respectively. And the Rf and Rr could reach 94.6% and 79.8% even at higher strain. In all, the excellent shape memory performance and good degradability crosslinked starch films, which have great potential application in disposable heat-shrinkable packaging materials.
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Development and Characterization of Active Native and Cross-Linked Pearl Millet Starch-Based Film Loaded with Fenugreek Oil. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123097. [PMID: 34945648 PMCID: PMC8700877 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cross-linked pearl millet starch and fenugreek oil was used to develop active starch edible films to overcome the limitations of native starch and to substitute artificial preservatives with natural one. The starch was cross-linked at three levels (1%, 3% and 5%) using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), and physicochemical properties were studied. Moreover, a comparative study was conducted among four samples of films prepared using native starch, cross-linked starch, and native and cross-linked starch loaded with fenugreek oil for physical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, and antibacterial properties. The solubility, swelling, and amylose content of native and modified starch varied from 11.25–12.75%, 12.91–15.10 g/g, and 8.97–16.55%, respectively. The values of these parameters were reduced as the concentration of STMP increased. Cross-linked starch films showed lower moisture, solubility, water vapor permeability(WVP), and elongation at break (EB) values while having higher thickness, opacity, thermal, and tensile strength values. The microscopic images of cross-linked starch films showed smooth surfaces and the absence of ridges, pores, and cracks. The films loaded with fenugreek oil showed different results; the moisture content, water solubility, and tensile strength were decreased while thickness, opacity, WVP, and EB were increased. The onset temperature and peak temperature were lower, while enthalpy of gelatinization was increased to a greater extent than films without oil. The addition of fenugreek oil to films showed a good inhibition area of 40.22% for native+oil films and 41.53% for cross-linked+oil films % against Escherichia coli. This study confirmed the successful utilization of fenugreek oil as a very effective antimicrobial agent in preparing edible films.
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Chen J, Long Z, Dou C, Wang X, Meng Y. Processing and characterization of thermoplastic corn starch-based film/paper composites containing microcrystalline cellulose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6443-6451. [PMID: 33990962 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different thermoplastic starch (TPS) films were prepared with or without the addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained via the melt-extrusion method, and then the hot-press method was used to produce environmentally friendly TPS-based film/paper composites to replace petroleum-based materials. RESULTS The paper-plastic composites exhibited good interfacial adhesion from the scannign elctron microscopy images. It was seen that 5 wt.% MCC was added to reinforce the mechanical properties of TPS films, such that it also improved the barrier properties of MCC@TPS/paper composites and extended the path of water vapor through TPS films, which decreased the water vapor transmission rate of MCC@TPS/paper composites. TPS/paper composites and MCC@TPS/paper composites have better physical properties (i.e. smoothness, flexibility and folding resistance) than only paper. In particular, it was found that the water contact angle of MCC@TPS/paper composites and TPS/paper composites were higher than single-layer paper. Furthermore, MCC reinforced paper-plastic composites demonstrated good barrier properties which can meet the requirement of the need for lower water sensitive materials in the food packaging industry. CONCLUSION Thermoplastic corn starch-based film/paper composites have good application properties as a potential source of bioplastic materials. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Environmental Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhu Long
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chang Dou
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yahui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Sharma V, Kaur M, Sandhu KS, Kaur S, Nehra M. Barnyard millet starch cross-linked at varying levels by sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP): Film forming, physico-chemical, pasting and thermal properties. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Shaikh MAJ, Gilhotra R, Pathak S, Mathur M, Iqbal HMN, Joshi N, Gupta G. Current update on psyllium and alginate incorporate for interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) and their biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:432-444. [PMID: 34560150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides and their designed structures are extremely valuable due to their intrinsic pharmacological properties and are also used as pharmaceutical aids. These naturally occurring polysaccharides (e.g., psyllium and alginate) are gaining popularity for their use in the preparation of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) materials with improved swelling ability, biodegradability, stability, non-cytotoxic, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. IPN is prepared sequentially or simultaneously by microwave irradiation, casting evaporation, emulsification cross-linking, miniemulsion/inverse miniemulsion technique, and radiation polymerization methods. In addition, the prepared IPNs have has been extensively characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques before sustainable deployment for multiple applications. Regardless of these multi-characteristic attributes, the current literature lacks a detailed overview of the biomedical aspects of psyllium, alginate, and their engineered IPN structures. Herein, we highlight the unique synthesis, structural, and biomedical considerations of psyllium, alginate, and engineered IPN structures. In this review, a wide range of biomedical applications, such as role as a drug carrier for sustain delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and related miscellaneous application of psyllium, alginate, and their IPN structures described with appropriate examples. Further research will be carried out for the development of IPN using psyllium and alginate, which will be a smart and active carrier for drugs used in the treatment of life-threatening diseases due to their inherent pharmacological potential such as hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antineoplastic, and antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritu Gilhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh GyanVihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Sachchidanand Pathak
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh GyanVihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Manas Mathur
- School of Agriculture, Suresh GyanVihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Navneet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh-332311, District-Sikar, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh GyanVihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Lauer MK, Smith RC. Recent advances in starch‐based films toward food packaging applications: Physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3031-3083. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moira K. Lauer
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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Rahim A, Dombus S, Kadir S, Hasanuddin M, Laude S, Aditya J, Karouw S. Physical, Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Sensory Properties of Bioplastics from Phosphate Acetylated Arenga Starches. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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