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Bian X, Cao F, Wang X, Hou Y, Zhao H, Liu Y. Establishment and characterization of a new human colon cancer cell line, PUMC-CRC1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13122. [PMID: 34162944 PMCID: PMC8222262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Considering their diversity, the establishment of new continuous CRC cell lines with clear genetic backgrounds will provide useful tools for exploring molecular mechanisms, screening and evaluating antitumor drugs in CRC studies. Our de novo CRC cell line, PUMC-CRC1 (Peking Union Medical College Colorectal Cancer 1) was derived from a 47-year-old Chinese female patient diagnosed with moderately to poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma. Multiple experiments were used for full characterization. The new cell line was epithelial-like and was passaged for more than 40 times, with a population doubling time of 44 h in vitro, detected by cell counts. The cells exhibited complicated chromosomal abnormalities. The tumor formation rate in SCID mice was 100%. The xenograft tumor was adenocarcinoma with poor to moderate differentiation by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&E) sections. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed microsatellite stable (MSS), APC (p.T1493fs) inactivation, KRAS (p.G12V) activation, and SMAD4 (p.V506A) mutation. Quality control of the cell line proved mycoplasma negative and identical STR profile with that of the original tissue, and no interspecific or intraspecific cross contamination was detected. In conclusion, PUMC-CRC1 was a newly established and well characterized human colon cancer cell line, which might be a good model for both in vitro and in vivo studies of the mechanism of colon cancer progression and the treatment strategies for MSS CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Bian
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.
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Marlow LA, Rohl SD, Miller JL, Knauf JA, Fagin JA, Ryder M, Milosevic D, Netzel BC, Grebe SK, Reddi HV, Smallridge RC, Copland JA. Methodology, Criteria, and Characterization of Patient-Matched Thyroid Cell Lines and Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3169-3182. [PMID: 29846633 PMCID: PMC6126888 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular underpinnings of thyroid cancer, preclinical cell line models are crucial; however, ∼40% of these have been proven to be either duplicates of existing thyroid lines or even nonthyroid-derived lines or are not derived from humans at all. Therefore, we set out to establish procedures and guidelines that should proactively avoid these problems, which facilitated the creation of criteria to make valid preclinical models for thyroid cancer research. DESIGN Based on our recommendations, we systematically characterized all new cell lines that we generated by a standardized approach that included (1) determination of human origin, (2) exclusion of lymphoma, (3) DNA fingerprinting and histological comparisons to establish linkage to presumed tissue of origin, (4) examining thyroid differentiation by screening two to three thyroid markers, (5) examination of biological behavior (growth rate, tumorigenicity), and (6) presence of common thyroid cancer genetic changes (TP53, BRAF, PTEN, PIK3CA, RAS, TERT promoter, RET/PTC, PAX8/PPARγ, NF1, and EIF1AX). RESULTS We established seven new thyroid cell lines (LAM136, EAM306, SDAR1, SDAR2, JEM493, THJ529, and THJ560) out of 294 primary culture attempts, and 10 patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs; MC-Th-95, MC-Th-374, MC-Th-467, MC-Th-491, MC-Th-493, MC-Th-504, MC-Th-524, MC-Th-529, MC-Th-560, and MC-Th-562) out of 67 attempts. All were successfully validated by our protocols. CONCLUSIONS This standardized approach for cell line and PDTX characterization should prevent (or detect) future cross-contamination and ensure that only valid preclinical models are used for thyroid cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Laura A. Marlow, MS, Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224. E-mail:
| | - Stephen D Rohl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - James L Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jeffery A Knauf
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mabel Ryder
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dragana Milosevic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian C Netzel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stefan K Grebe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Honey V Reddi
- Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Robert C Smallridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Onoda N, Nakamura M, Aomatsu N, Noda S, Kashiwagi S, Hirakawa K. Establishment, characterization and comparison of seven authentic anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines retaining clinical features of the original tumors. World J Surg 2014; 38:688-95. [PMID: 24357248 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-013-2409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is thought to often be transformed from pre-existing differentiated thyroid cancer. It is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has a dismal prognosis due to its resistance to multimodal therapies. Basic exploratory studies using authentic ATC cell lines that retain its clinical features are necessary. We investigated the characteristics of seven ATC cell lines newly established at our institute to confirm their possible utility for basic studies. METHODS Seven distinct cell lines from six patients were established. Their molecular characteristics and sensitivities to cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs were investigated and compared with each other, and with the clinical features of the original tumors. RESULTS All cells showed extensive chromosomal abnormality and Pax8 expression, indicating human thyroid follicular cell origin. Vascular endothelial growth factor was secreted from all cells, suggesting possible candidacy for targeted therapy. Vimentin was expressed, but E-cadherin expression was lost in all cells but OCUT-1C, which showed different features from those of OCUT-1F derived from the same tumor, suggesting a mixture of cancer cell clones with various degrees of differentiation within a single ATC tumor. Cells were likely to show sensitivity for taxanes, indicating the usefulness of taxanes as the first-line chemotherapy. OCUT-2, a cell line with both B-Raf and PI3 KCA mutation, demonstrated the importance of molecular target-oriented therapy. CONCLUSIONS Basic studies using authentic ATC cell lines retaining the clinical features of the original tumor are useful models for investigating the mechanism of anaplastic transformation and exploring novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Onoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan,
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Hou P, Bojdani E, Xing M. Induction of thyroid gene expression and radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer cells by targeting major signaling pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:820-8. [PMID: 20008023 PMCID: PMC2840852 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radioiodine ablation is commonly used to treat thyroid cancer, but a major challenge is often the loss of radioiodine avidity of the cancer caused by aberrant silencing of iodide-handling genes. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to test the therapeutic potential of targeting the aberrantly activated MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and histone deacetylase to restore radioiodine avidity in thyroid cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested the effects of specific inhibitors targeting these pathways/molecules that had established clinical applicability, including the MAPK kinase inhibitor RDEA119, mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus, Akt inhibitor perifosine, and histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA, individually or in combinations, on the expression of iodide-handling genes and radioiodide uptake in a large panel of thyroid cancer cell lines. RESULTS The expression of a large number of iodide-handling genes could be restored, particularly the sodium/iodide symporter, TSH receptor, and thyroperoxidase, by treating cells with these inhibitors. The effect was particularly robust and synergistic when combinations of inhibitors containing SAHA were used. Robust expression of sodium/iodide symporter in the cell membrane, which plays the most important role in iodide uptake in thyroid cells, was confirmed by immunofluorescent microscopy. Radioiodide uptake by cells was correspondingly induced under these conditions. Thyroid gene expression and radioiodide uptake could both be further enhanced by TSH. CONCLUSIONS Targeting major signaling pathways could restore thyroid gene expression and radioiodide uptake in thyroid cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to test this therapeutic potential in restoring radioiodine avidity of thyroid cancer cells for effective ablation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Nappi TC, Salerno P, Zitzelsberger H, Carlomagno F, Salvatore G, Santoro M. Identification of Polo-like kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1916-23. [PMID: 19223553 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive and chemoresistant cancers. The serine/threonine kinase Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a key regulator of multiple steps during mitotic progression, is highly expressed in ATC. Here, we used the BI 2536 PLK1 inhibitor on ATC and nontransformed thyroid follicular cell lines. Our data show that ATC cells are addicted to high levels of PLK1 activity for proliferation, survival, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity. On treatment with nanomolar doses of BI 2536, ATC cells progressed normally through S phase but died thereafter, directly from mitotic arrest. Immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblot, and flow cytometry analysis showed that, on PLK1 blockade, ATC cells arrested in prometaphase with a 4N DNA content. Treated ATC cells accumulated phosphohistone H3 and displayed characteristic mitotic (Polo) spindle aberrations. Nontransformed thyroid cells were 3.2- to 18.4-fold less susceptible to BI 2536-induced cell cycle effects compared with ATC cells. These findings identify PLK1 as a promising target for the molecular therapy of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Claudio Nappi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare L. Califano c/o Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Universita' Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Nagasaka A, Oda N, Nakai A, Hotta K, Nagata M, Kato T, Suzuki A, Itoh M, Miura H, Hakuta M, Yoshida S, Hibi Y, Iwase K. Thyroglobulin may affect telomerase activity in thyroid follicular cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 24:524-30. [PMID: 18830915 DOI: 10.1080/14756360802218920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase (TA) activity is known to be present in malignant tumor cells, but not in most somatic differentiated cells. TA shows relatively high activity in thyroid cancer cells, but reports vary. This fact prompted us to elucidate whether cell component inhibitors of TA in the thyroid follicles can modulate its activity. The activity of TA extracted from Hela cells was inhibited by mixing with the supernatant fraction of human thyroid tissue extract. To examine the effect of iodine, thyroid hormones (l-T3 and l-T4) and human thyroglobulin (hTg) contained in the thyroid follicles, l-T3, l-T4 and hTg were added to the TRAP assay system in vitro, using TA from Hela cells. Iodine, l-T3 and l-T4 did not affect TA activity, but hTg inhibited the TA activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50) of hTg: ca 0.45 microM: inhibiting concentration of hTg was from 0.15 microM to 3.0 microM). The hTg inhibition was not evident in the RT-PCR system, suggesting no effect of hTg on Taq DNA polymerase activity. The hTg inhibition of TA activity was attenuated by dNTP but not significantly by TS primer. These data suggest that hTg contained in thyroid follicular cells of various thyroid diseases may affect the TA activity measured in biopsied thyroid specimens, and that the reduction of the TA activity by hTg may induce slow progression and growth, and low grade malignancy of thyroid cancer, particularly differentiated carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Nagasaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Nobuhara Y, Onoda N, Yamashita Y, Yamasaki M, Ogisawa K, Takashima T, Ishikawa T, Hirakawa K. Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted molecular therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:1110-6. [PMID: 15785737 PMCID: PMC2361935 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and the outcomes of conventional therapy have been far from satisfactory. Recently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy has been introduced as an alternative therapeutic strategy for highly malignant cancers. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of EGFR in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines, and to explore the potential of therapies targeting EGFR as a new therapeutic approach. EGFR was universally expressed in anaplastic cancer cell lines at a variety of levels. Specific EGFR stimulation with epidermal growth factor showed significant phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, and resulted in marked growth stimulation in an anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, which highly expressed EGFR. This EGFR-transmitted proliferation effect of the cancer cell line was completely inhibited by gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Moreover, growth of xenografts inoculated in mice was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with 25–50 mg kg−1 of gefitinib administrated orally. Inhibition of EGFR-transmitted growth stimulation by gefitinib was clearly observed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. Our results suggested that EGFR-targeted therapy, such as gefitinib, might be worth further investigation for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nobuhara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - N Onoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Y Yamashita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - M Yamasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - K Ogisawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - T Takashima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - K Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Chung SH, Onoda N, Ishikawa T, Ogisawa K, Takenaka C, Yano Y, Hato F, Hirakawa K. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation induces cell cycle arrest via the p53-independent pathway in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002; 93:1358-65. [PMID: 12495476 PMCID: PMC5926938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. Outcomes of intensive multimodal therapy have been far from satisfactory. Furthermore, p53 gene dysfunction, often found in this type of cancer, is known to impair the efficacy of the therapeutic agents. Specific ligands for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) induce growth suppression in some tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the role of PPAR-gamma in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines (OCUT-1, ACT-1). PPAR-gamma was expressed and functional in both cell lines. Activation of PPAR-gamma with its specific ligands, troglitazone and 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2, inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner through inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. P53 protein expression differed in OCUT-1 and in ACT-1, though the levels stayed constant irrespective of ligand exposure in both cell lines. In contrast, p21 and p27 proteins were induced in a dose-dependent manner in both situations. This study showed that PPAR-gamma ligands were able to induce growth suppression in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells via a p53-independent, but p21- and p27-dependent cytostatic pathway. These tumor-suppressive effects of PPAR-gamma may provide a novel approach to the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Chung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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