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Annetta MG, Marche B, Ortiz Miluy G, Pittiruti M. Totally implanted central venous access devices inserted by the femoral route: A narrative review and the proposal of a novel approach, the FICC-port. J Vasc Access 2024:11297298241236816. [PMID: 38708819 DOI: 10.1177/11297298241236816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoral ports are used in patients with indication to a totally implanted venous access device but with contraindication to chest-ports and brachial ports because of obstruction of the superior vena cava. In the last three decades, femoral ports have been implanted almost exclusively by cannulation of the common femoral vein at the groin, while the position of the tip has been assessed by X-ray. METHODS We report our experience with a new approach to femoral ports, which includes recent methods and techniques developed in the last few years. These novel femoral ports, which we call "FICC-ports," are characterized by (a) long femoral 5 Fr polyurethane catheter inserted by ultrasound-guided puncture of the superficial femoral vein at mid-thigh; (b) intraprocedural location of the tip in the sub-diaphragmatic inferior vena cava, using ultrasound visualization by the transhepatic and/or the subcostal view; (c) low-profile or very low-profile reservoir implanted above the quadriceps muscle, at mid-thigh. RESULTS In the last 3 years, we have implanted 47 FICC-ports in young adults with mediastinal lymphoma compressing the superior vena cava. We had no immediate/early complication, and only three late complications (one kinking of the catheter in the subcutaneous tissue; one tip migration with secondary venous thrombosis; one persistent withdrawal occlusion due to fibroblastic sleeve). CONCLUSION If there is indication to a femoral port, the implantation of a "FICC-port"-as described above-is to be strongly considered in terms of safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness: no immediate-early complications, minimal late complications, no X-ray exposure, low invasiveness, low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giuseppina Annetta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli," Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Bruno Marche
- Department of Hematology, Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli," Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Pittiruti
- Department of Surgery, Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli," Rome, Lazio, Italy
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Annetta MG, Marche B, Dolcetti L, Taraschi C, La Greca A, Musarò A, Emoli A, Scoppettuolo G, Pittiruti M. Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the superficial femoral vein for central venous access. J Vasc Access 2021; 23:598-605. [PMID: 33749364 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some clinical conditions, central venous access is preferably or necessarily achieved by threading the catheter into the inferior vena cava. This can be obtained not only by puncture of the common femoral vein at the groin, but also-as suggested by few recent studies-by puncture of the superficial femoral vein at mid-thigh. METHODS We have retrospectively reviewed our experience with central catheters inserted by ultrasound-guided puncture and cannulation of the superficial femoral vein, focusing mainly on indications, technique of venipuncture, and incidence of immediate/early complications. RESULTS From June 2020 to December 2020, we have inserted 98 non-tunneled central venous catheters (tip in inferior vena cava or right atrium) by ultrasound-guided puncture of the superficial femoral vein at mid-thigh or in the lower third of the thigh, all of them secured by subcutaneous anchorage. The success of the maneuver was 100% and immediate/early complications were negligible. Follow-up of hospitalized patients (72.5% of all cases) showed only one episode of catheter dislodgment, no episode of infection and no episode of catheter related thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasound approach to the superficial femoral vein is an absolutely safe technique of central venous access. In our experience, it was not associated with any risk of severe insertion-related complications, even in patients with low platelet count or coagulation disorders. Also, the exit site of the catheter at mid-thigh may have advantages if compare to the exit site in the inguinal area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Marche
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Dolcetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Taraschi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio La Greca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Musarò
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Emoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Pittiruti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Kondo T, Matsumoto S, Doi K, Nomura M, Muto M. Femoral placement of a totally implantable venous access port with spontaneous catheter fracture: case report. CVIR Endovasc 2020; 3:2. [PMID: 32027011 PMCID: PMC6966363 DOI: 10.1186/s42155-019-0094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of catheter fracture after standard positioning of a totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is reported to be 1.1%–5.0%; however, the incidence of catheter fracture after TIVAP implantation at a femoral site remains unclear. Case presentation In a 30-year-old man with angiosarcoma of the right atrium, tumor embolism was observed from the left brachiocephalic vein to the superior vena cava. A TIVAP was implanted in the right femur. A catheter fracture was spontaneously observed after 7 months. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of catheter fracture in a TIVAP implantation at a femoral site.
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Dholaria SG, Yadav D, Gupta AK. Chemo port insertion through femoral vein approach: A rare indication and a rare complication. Indian J Cancer 2017; 54:361. [PMID: 29199723 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_193_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S G Dholaria
- Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - D Yadav
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Implantable Central Venous Access Ports Placed in Mastectomy Incision Sites: A Safe and Viable Option. Am Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481608201205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kato K, Iwasaki Y, Onodera K, Higuchi M, Kato K, Kato Y, Matsuda M, Endo S, Kobashi Y, Taniguchi M. Totally implantable venous access port via the femoral vein in a femoral port position with CT-venography. J Surg Oncol 2016; 114:1024-1028. [PMID: 27658579 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We aimed to determine the success rate and any complications using a percutaneous approach to the femoral vein (FV) for placement of a totally implantable access port (TIVAP), with a preoperative assessment of the femoral and iliac veins using computed tomography-venography (CT-V). METHODS A prospective study of 72 patients was conducted where placement of a TIVAP was attempted via the right FV, with the port placed in the anterior thigh, when subclavian vein or jugular vein access was contraindicated. Preoperative assessment of the femoral venous plexus was performed with CT-V in 72 patients. RESULTS CT-V success was achieved in 72 of 72 patients (100%). The average distance between the inguinal ligament and the saphenofeomral (FV-GSV) junction was 42.8 ± 12.9 mm. The FV approach had a 97% successful cannulation rate. Two patients had a thrombosis in either the femoral vein or the great saphenous vein. One procedural complication (1.4%) and one initial complication (1.4%) occurred. Late complications occurred in four patients (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS The percutaneous FV approach with CT-V guidance is an option for patients with multiple central venous cannulations, as well as those with bilateral breast cancer, or those undergoing hemodialysis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:1024-1028. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kato
- Department of Surgery, Pippu Clinic, Pippu, Town Kamikawa-Gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Onodera
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Shiroishi-Ku, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Mineko Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Pippu Clinic, Pippu, Town Kamikawa-Gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kato
- Department of Surgery, Pippu Clinic, Pippu, Town Kamikawa-Gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yurina Kato
- Department of Surgery, Pippu Clinic, Pippu, Town Kamikawa-Gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Nihon University, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Endo
- Department of Surgery, Pippu Clinic, Pippu, Town Kamikawa-Gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuko Kobashi
- Department of Radiology, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa City, Japan
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Zerati AE, Figueredo TR, de Moraes RD, da Cruz AM, da Motta-Leal Filho JM, Freire MP, Wolosker N, de Luccia N. Risk factors for infectious and noninfectious complications of totally implantable venous catheters in cancer patients. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016; 4:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Almasi-Sperling V, Hieber S, Lermann J, Strahl O, Beckmann MW, Lang W, Sagban TA. Femoral Placement of Totally Implantable Venous Access Ports in Patients with Bilateral Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016; 76:53-58. [PMID: 26855441 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Aim of this study was to determine the rate of complications following femoral placement of totally implantable venous access ports (f-TIVAP) in women with bilateral breast cancer, with a special focus on long-term function, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and port infection. Methods: 73 patients with bilateral breast cancer treated between October 2000 and January 2013 with placement of an f-TIVAP using a transfemoral approach were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were followed up, and all complications of f-TIVAP were recorded. Results: The median age was 62.5 years (range: 35-86 years). Four patients received f-TIVAP under local anesthesia, and 69 underwent placement under general anesthesia. Mean follow-up was 33.7 months (SD 25.9; range: 0.2-93.5 months). Complications over the entire period of observation included infections in 21 %, DVT in 19 % and catheter occlusion in 12 %. Patients receiving chemotherapy who developed leukopenia were more likely to experience DVT at the access site (p = 0.037). There was a trend towards a higher infection rate when the device was used more often (p = 0.084). Conclusion: Although the rates of complications in the longer term, especially device infections and DVTs, appeared to be relatively high, TIVAP implantation using femoral vein access is recommended in patients with bilateral breast cancer not suitable for cephalic vein cut-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Almasi-Sperling
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - S Hieber
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - J Lermann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - O Strahl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - M W Beckmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - W Lang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - T A Sagban
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen
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Kassir R, Blanc P, Gugenheim J, Amor IB, Debs T, Tiffet O. Sleeve Gastrectomy: Exposure of the Left Pillar. Am Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481608200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radwan Kassir
- Department of General Surgery CHU Hospital Jean Monnet University Saint Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Blanc
- Department of Digestive Surgery Clinique Chirurgicale Mutualiste de Saint-Etienne France
| | - Jean Gugenheim
- Department of Bariatric Surgery Archet 2 Hospital University Hospital of Nice Nice, France
| | - Imed Ben Amor
- Department of Bariatric Surgery Archet 2 Hospital University Hospital of Nice Nice, France
| | - Tarek Debs
- Department of Bariatric Surgery Archet 2 Hospital University Hospital of Nice Nice, France
| | - Olivier Tiffet
- Department of General Surgery CHU Hospital Jean Monnet University Saint Etienne, France
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Kato K, Taniguchi M, Iwasaki Y, Sasahara K, Nagase A, Onodera K, Matsuda M, Higuchi M, Kobashi Y, Furukawa H. Computed tomography (CT) venography using a multidetector CT prior to the percutaneous external jugular vein approach for an implantable venous-access port. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:1391-1397. [PMID: 24306665 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the success rate and complications of using the percutaneous approach of the external jugular vein (EJV) for placement of a totally implantable venous-access port (TIVAP) with a preoperative estimate of the detailed anatomical orientation of the cervical venous plexus using computed tomography venography (CT-V). METHODS A prospective cohort study of 45 patients in whom placement of a TIVAP was attempted via the right EJV was conducted. The preoperative anatomical estimation of the cervical venous plexus was performed with CT-V using a Multidetector Helical 16-section CT. The angulation between the right EJV and the right subclavian vein, anterior jugular vein, transverse cervical vein, and suprascapular vein was estimated. RESULTS CT-V success was achieved in 45 of 45 patients (100 %). A plexus of veins under the clavicle was most commonly responsible for the insertion of the central venous catheter. The EJV approach resulted in a successful cannulation rate of 93 %. No initial complications of pneumothorax or carotid artery puncture occurred during insertion procedures. Late complications occurred in three patients. These included one port erosion (2 %), one catheter occlusion (2 %), and one wound hematoma (2 %). Catheter-related infections were observed in one patient (2 %). CONCLUSIONS The percutaneous EJV approach with CT-V guidance is an optional method for patients with multiple central venous cannulations, those in hemodialysis, or those with long catheter indwelling periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kato
- Department of Surgery, Pippu Clinic, Kamikawa-gun, Hokkaido, Japan,
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Kato K, Taniguchi M, Iwasaki Y, Sasahara K, Nagase A, Onodera K, Matsuda M, Higuchi M, Nakano M, Kobashi Y, Furukawa H. Central venous access via external jugular vein with CT-venography using a multidetector helical 16-section CT. J INVEST SURG 2013; 27:176-82. [PMID: 24354389 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.865818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the success rate and complications of using the external jugular vein (EJV) for central venous access with a preoperative estimate of the detailed anatomical orientation of the cervical venous plexus using computed tomography venography (CT-V). DESIGN Prospective, observational human study. SETTING Surgical intensive care unit. PATIENTS Fifty-two patients who were undergoing EJV cannulations with CT-V using a Multidetector Helical 16-section CT (MDCT). INTERVENTION The preoperative anatomical estimation of the cervical venous plexus was performed with CT-V using an MDCT. In particular, the angulation between the EJV and the right subclavian vein (SCV) was measured. The anatomical abnormalities and the angulation between the EJV and the anterior jugular vein (AJV), transverse cervical vein (TCV), and suprascapular vein (SSV) were estimated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The success of CT-V was achieved in 52 of 52 patients (100%). The mean angulation between the right EJV and the right SCV was 144 ± 36 degrees in the obtuse-angle cases (88%) and 72 ± 28 degrees in the sharp-angle cases (12%). A plexus of veins under the clavicle was most commonly responsible for insertion of the central venous catheter (CVC). The EJV approach resulted in a 93% rate of successful cannulations. No complications of pneumothorax or carotid artery puncture occurred during insertion procedures. CONCLUSIONS The EJV route is associated with comparable technical success and lower major procedural complication. The EJV approach with CT-V guidance is an option as the initial method when central venous cannulation must be performed under suboptimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kato
- 1Department of Surgery, Pippu Clinic, Pippu, Town Kamikawa-Gun , Hokkaido , Japan
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Femoral placement of totally implantable venous power ports as an alternative implantation site for patients with central vein occlusions. Support Care Cancer 2013; 22:383-7. [PMID: 24061782 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-1984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the indication, technical success, clinical outcome and safety of percutaneously placed totally implantable venous power ports (TIVPPs) in a femoral position in patients with contraindications to implantation in a standard position. METHODS Retrospectively, we screened our interventional radiology department database between 12/2,009 and 3/2,013 to identify 1,729 patients with a port implantation. In 8/1,729 (0.47 %) patients (1 male, 7 female, mean age 55.5 ± 9.6 years) the TIVPP was implanted via the common femoral vein with the port placed in the anterior thigh. All devices were high-pressure injectable, implanted under local anaesthesia with sonographic as well as fluoroscopic guidance, and were tunnelled subcutaneously. Indication, technical success and complications were retrospectively analysed according to the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) criteria. RESULTS Indications were planned chemotherapy for breast (n = 6) and oesophagus cancer (n = 1) as well as need for long-term central venous access for intravenous therapy (n = 1) with a contraindication to or failed implantation in a standard position owing to central vein occlusions. Technical success was 100 %. A number of five devices were placed in the right, three in the left thigh. Altogether 1,979 catheter days were analysed. One device was explanted owing to infection after 84 days (late complication, 0.05/100 catheter days). No early complication was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that if implantation of a TIVPP is not favourable in a standard chest, upper arm or forearm position, femoral placement of the device may alternatively be used safely and with high technical success.
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Toro A, Mannino M, Cappello G, Celeste S, Cordio S, Di Carlo I. Totally Implanted Venous Access Devices Implanted in the Saphenous Vein. Relation Between the Reservoir Site and Comfort/Discomfort of the Patients. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:1127.e9-1127.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Matsuo N, Nakanishi K, Kurosawa H, Karino M, Yomiya K, Fujii Y. Femoral tunneled central venous catheters for terminally ill patients with cancer. J Palliat Med 2012; 15:1173-7. [PMID: 22871213 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral administration of medication is often difficult in terminally ill patients with cancer. These patients require intravenous routes for high-dose opioid administration and/or parenteral nutrition. When the superior vena cava (SVC) is unsuitable for central vein catheter insertion (i.e., in patients with mediastinal masses involving the SVC), alternative access routes are needed. Of these, the femoral vein is most utilized. In our experience, the femoral tunneled catheter (FTC) is easy and safe to use. We retrospectively studied FTC outcomes in terminally ill patients with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Charts of consecutive patients admitted to the palliative care unit between April 2008 and December 2011 were reviewed. FTC is inserted into the vein by the single-puncture method using a 16-gauge catheter with a 14-gauge peel-away introducer. RESULTS Eleven patients underwent FTC insertion. In total, there were 207 days of FTC placement; the mean period in place was 19±15 days. Eight patients received parenteral opioid therapy, high doses in four cases, via FTCs. Complications were incidental arterial puncture and poor infusion rate due to hip joint bending in one case each. Neither catheter-related infection nor clinical venous thrombosis occurred. CONCLUSIONS FTCs were successfully inserted, with a low complication rate. FTC, a simple technique, might be an acceptable alternative in selected terminally ill patients with cancer, when SVC insertion is difficult or contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsuo
- Department of Palliative Care, Saitama Cancer Center, Ina-machi, Kitaadachigun, Saitama, Japan.
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Harish K, Madhu YC. Femoral Port Placement – Report of Two Cases. Indian J Surg Oncol 2011; 2:31-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s13193-011-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Recommandations pour la pratique clinique: Nice, Saint-Paul de Vence 2009 « cancers du sein » et « soins de support ». ONCOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-009-1823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Karanlik H, Kurul S. Modification of approach for totally implantable venous access device decreases rate of complications. J Surg Oncol 2009; 100:279-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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