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Tamayo SO, Cupitra NI, Narvaez-Sanchez R. Vascular adaptation to cancer beyond angiogenesis: The role of PTEN. Microvasc Res 2023; 147:104492. [PMID: 36709859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem, and it needs blood vessels to grow. Knowing more about the processes of vascular adaptation to cancer improves our chances of attacking it, since the tumor for its extension needs such adaptation to satisfy its progressive demand for nutrients. The main objective of this review is to present the reader with some fundamental molecular pathways for vascular adaptation to cancer, highlighting within them the regulatory role of homologous tensin and phosphatase protein (PTEN). Hence the review describes vascular adaptation to cancer through somewhat known processes, such as angiogenesis, but emphasizes others that are much less explored, namely the changes in vascular reactivity and remodeling of the vascular wall -intima-media thickness and adjustments in the extracellular matrix- The role of PTEN in physiological and pathological vascular mechanisms in different types of cancer is deepened, as a crucial mediator in vascular adaptation to cancer, and points pending further exploration in cancer vascularization are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ortiz Tamayo
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group, PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Nelson Ivan Cupitra
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group, PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Raul Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group, PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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Sohn SH, Sul HJ, Kim B, Kim BJ, Kim HS, Zang DY. Tepotinib Inhibits the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Growth of Gastric Cancers by Increasing GSK3β, E-Cadherin, and Mucin 5AC and 6 Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176027. [PMID: 32825724 PMCID: PMC7503648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of mucins (MUCs) can promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which leads to enhanced tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis-related pathways involving c-MET and β-catenin are associated with MUCs. In this study, we characterized the expression of EMT-relevant proteins including MET, β-catenin, and E-cadherin in human gastric cancer (GC) cell lines, and further characterized the differential susceptibility of these cell lines compared with the c-MET inhibitor tepotinib. We assessed the antitumor activity of tepotinib in GC cell lines. The effects of tepotinib on cell viability, apoptotic cell death, EMT, and c-MET and β-catenin signaling were evaluated by 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), flow cytometry, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. The antitumor efficacy was assessed in MKN45 xenograft mice. Tepotinib treatment induced apoptosis in c-MET-amplified SNU620, MKN45, and KATO III cells, but had no effect on c-MET-reduced MKN28 or AGS cells. Tepotinib treatment also significantly reduced the protein levels of phosphorylated and total c-MET, phosphorylated and total ERK, β-catenin, and c-MYC in SNU620 and MKN45 cells. In contrast, this drug was only slightly active against KATO III cells. Notably, tepotinib significantly reduced the expression of EMT-promoting genes such as MMP7, COX-2, WNT1, MUC5B, and c-MYC in c-MET-amplified GC cells and increased the expression of EMT-suppressing genes such as MUC5AC, MUC6, GSK3β, and E-cadherin. In a mouse model, tepotinib exhibited good antitumor growth activity along with increased E-cadherin and decreased phosphorylated c-MET (phospho-c-MET) protein levels. Collectively, these results suggest that tepotinib suppresses tumor growth and migration by negatively regulating c-MET-induced EMT. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which MUC5AC and MUC6 contribute to GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Sohn
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (H.J.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (H.J.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (H.J.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Korea; (B.J.K.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Korea; (B.J.K.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (H.J.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Korea; (B.J.K.); (H.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-4167
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3
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Zhang YY, Luo LM, Wang YX, Zhu N, Zhao TJ, Qin L. Total saponins from Lilium lancifolium: a promising alternative to inhibit the growth of gastric carcinoma cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:4261-4273. [PMID: 32368309 PMCID: PMC7196269 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulbus Lilii, as a medicinal and edible plant, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and immunopotentiating pharmacological activities, which seems to be therapeutic on cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of total saponins from Lilium lancifolium (TSLL) on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human gastric carcinoma cells lines SGC-7901 and HGC-27 and its underlying mechanism. The results showed that TSLL inhibited the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells by suppressing the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and increased p21 level. TSLL induced cells apoptosis by up-regulating expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and down-regulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. Meanwhile, TSLL remarkably inhibited cell migration and invasion, decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression and increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) expression. Notably, TSLL had stronger anti-cancer effect on undifferentiated HGC-27 cells than differentiated SGC-7901 cells. Accordingly, TSLL might be a promising candidate to prevent and suppress the growth of gastric carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yu Zhang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Ming Luo
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tan-Jun Zhao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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4
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Sohn SH, Kim B, Sul HJ, Choi BY, Kim HS, Zang DY. Foretinib Inhibits Cancer Stemness and Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation by Decreasing CD44 and c-MET Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1027-1035. [PMID: 32099405 PMCID: PMC7006849 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose CD44 isoforms are highly expressed in cancer stem cells, initiating tumor growth and sustaining tumor self-renewal. Among these isoforms, CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9) is overexpressed in chronic inflammation-induced cancer. CD44 and the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) receptor tyrosine kinase are coactivated in some gastric cancers (GCs). In this study, we characterized MET and CD44 expression and signaling in human GC cell lines and analyzed differences in the susceptibility of these lines to foretinib. Patients and Methods We analyzed cell viability and the rate of apoptotic cells using MTS assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Gene and protein expression were assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting, respectively. Results Foretinib treatment resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of growth in c-MET-amplified MKN45 and SNU620 cells with concomitant induction of apoptosis, but not in c-MET-reduced MKN28 and AGS cells. Foretinib treatment also significantly reduced phosphor-c-MET, phosphor-AKT, beta-catenin, and COX-2 protein expression in MKN45 and SNU620 cells. Interestingly, foretinib significantly reduced CD44, CD44v9, COX-2, OCT3/4, CCND1, c-MYC, VEGFA, and HIF-1a gene expression in CD44 and MET coactivated MKN45 cells and increased CD44s gene expression; in contrast, these drugs were only slightly active against SNU620 cells. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that foretinib could be a therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of GCs positive for CD44v9 and c-MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Sohn
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Youn Choi
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
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5
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Xu B, Bai Z, Yin J, Zhang Z. Global transcriptomic analysis identifies SERPINE1 as a prognostic biomarker associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7091. [PMID: 31218131 PMCID: PMC6563800 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plasminogen activation system plays a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis. In this work, we aim to identify key regulators of plasminogen activation associated with tumorigenesis and explore potential mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). Methods Gene profiling datasets were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened for and obtained by the GEO2R tool. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to verify molecular signatures and pathways among The Cancer Genome Atlas or GEO datasets. Correlations between SERPINE1 and markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were analyzed using the GEPIA database and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Interactive networks of selected genes were built by STRING and Cytoscape software. Finally, selected genes were verified with the Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter database. Results A total of 104 overlapped upregulated and 61 downregulated DEGs were obtained. Multiple GO and KEGG terms associated with the extracellular matrix were enriched among the DEGs. SERPINE1 was identified as the only regulator of angiogenesis and the plasminogen activator system among the DEGs. A high level of SERPINE1 was associated with a poor prognosis in GC. GSEA analysis showed a strong correlation between SERPINE1 and EMT, which was also confirmed with the GEPIA database and qRT-PCR validation. FN1, TIMP1, MMP2, and SPARC were correlated with SERPINE1.The KM plotter database showed that an overexpression of these genes correlated with a shorter survival time in GC patients. Conclusions In conclusion, SERPINE1 is a potent biomarker associated with EMT and a poor prognosis in GC. Furthermore, FN1, TIMP1, MMP2, and SPARC are correlated with SERPINE1 and may serve as therapeutic targets in reversing EMT in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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6
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Li O, Yi W, Yang P, Guo C, Peng C. Relationship between serum MMP-9 level and prognosis after radical resection for Hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900409. [PMID: 31038586 PMCID: PMC6583930 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190040000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the preoperative serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) undergoing radical resection. Methods: Preoperative serum MMP-9 levels in patients with HC undergoing radical resection were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ROC curve assay was used to analyze the preoperative serum MMP-9 level to determine the most valuable cut-off point. The relationship between MMP-9 and clinicopathological features of HC patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognostic factors, and COX regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting prognosis. Results: Preoperative serum MMP-9 levels were significantly elevated in the death patients compared with the survival patients. The most valuable cut-off point for preoperative serum MMP-9 for prognosis was 201.93 ng/mL. Preoperative serum MMP-9 was associated with Bismuth-Corlette classification) and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that MMP-9, Bismuth-Corlette classification, Lymph node metastasis, Portal vein invasion, Hepatic artery invasion, Liver invasion, Incised margin, and Preoperative biliary drainage were related to prognosis. Cox regression model confirmed that hepatic artery invasion, liver invasion, incised margin, and MMP-9 have the potential to independence predicate prognosis in HC patients. Conclusion: Preoperative serum MMP-9 has high predictive value for prognosis and is an independent influencing factor for the prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Li
- MD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Republic of China. Technical procedures, manuscript writing
| | - Weimin Yi
- MD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Republic of China. Technical procedures, analysis of data
| | - Pingzhou Yang
- MD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Republic of China. Technical procedures, analysis of data
| | - Chao Guo
- MD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Republic of China. Technical procedures, analysis of data
| | - Chuang Peng
- MD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Republic of China. Design of the study, critical revision
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7
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Peduk S, Dincer M, Tatar C, Ozer B, Kocakusak A, Citlak G, Akinci M. THE ROLE OF SERUM CK-18, MMP-9 AND TIPM-1 LEVELS IN PREDICTING R0 RESECTION IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:e1401. [PMID: 30539976 PMCID: PMC6284391 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is the 3rd most common cause of death in men and
the 5th common in women worldwide. Today, surgery is the only
curative therapy. Currently available advanced imaging modalities can
predict R0 resection in most patients, but it can only be detected with
certainty in the perioperative period. Aim: To determine the role of serum CK18, MMP9, TIMP1 levels in predicting R0
resection in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients scheduled for curative surgery with gastric
adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2013-2015 were included. One ml of blood
was taken from the patients to analyze CK18, MMP9 and TIMP1. Results: CK18, MMP9 and TIMP1 levels were positively correlated with pathological N
and the stage (p<0,05). CK-18, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 averages in positive
clinical lymph nodes and in clinical stage 3, were found to be higher than
the averages of those with negative clinical lymph nodes and in clinical
stage 2 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Although serum CK-18, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 preoperatively measured in patients
scheduled for curative surgery did not help to evaluate gastric tumor
resectability, they were usefull in predicting N3-stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevki Peduk
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery
| | - Mursit Dincer
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery
| | - Cihad Tatar
- Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ozer
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery
| | - Ahmet Kocakusak
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery
| | - Gamze Citlak
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery
| | - Muzaffer Akinci
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery
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Yan W, Yu H, Li W, Li F, Wang S, Yu N, Jiang Q. Plk1 promotes the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells via STAT3 signaling. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6801-6807. [PMID: 30405824 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase (Plk)1 contributes to the development of human cancer via multiple mechanisms, such as promoting the migration of cancer cells. However, the mechanistic basis for the regulation of cell migration by Plk1 remains unknown. To address this question, the present study investigated the effect of Plk1 inhibition on the migration of human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial A549 cells and the molecular factors involved. A549 cells were treated with the Plk1 inhibitor, BI2536, and cell migration was evaluated with the wound-healing assay. The expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A, total and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 was assessed by western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction following Plk1 knockdown and/or STAT3 overexpression. The interaction between Plk1 and STAT3 was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation. The levels of MMP2 and VEGFA were decreased by treatment with Plk1 inhibitor. The phosphorylation of STAT3, which acts upstream of MMP2 and VEGFA, was also decreased by Plk1 knockdown, an effect that was abrogated by STAT3 overexpression. In addition, Plk1 was detected to bind with STAT3 either directly or as part of a complex by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. These results indicated that Plk1 may promote the migration of A549 cells via regulation of STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Yan
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The Second Artillery Corps of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The Second Artillery Corps of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The Second Artillery Corps of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The Second Artillery Corps of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Sinian Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The Second Artillery Corps of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The Second Artillery Corps of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The Second Artillery Corps of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
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The Role of Serum CK18, TIMP1, and MMP-9 Levels in Predicting R0 Resection in Patients with Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:5604702. [PMID: 29651326 PMCID: PMC5832075 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5604702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of death in men and the fifth common cause of death in women worldwide. Currently, available advanced imaging modalities can predict R0 resection in most patients in the perioperative period. The aim of this study is to determine the role of serum CK18, MMP-9, and TIMP1 levels in predicting R0 resection in patients with gastric cancer. Fifty consecutive patients scheduled for curative surgery with gastric adenocancer diagnosis between 2013 and 2015 were included in the study. One milliliter of blood was taken from the patients included in the study to examine CK18, MMP-9, and TIMP1. CK18, MMP-9, and TIMP1 levels were positively correlated with pathological N and the stage (P < 0.05). The CK18, MMP-9, and TIMP1 averages of those with positive clinical lymph nodes and those in clinical stage 3 were found to be higher than the averages of those with negative clinical lymph nodes and those in clinical stage 2 (P < 0.05). Although serum CK18, MMP-9, and TIMP1 preop measurements in patients scheduled for curative surgery due to gastric adenocarcinoma did not help to gain any idea of tumor resectability, we concluded that our study had valuable results in significantly predicting N3 stage.
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10
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Besson JCF, de Carvalho Picoli C, Matioli G, Natali MRM. Methyl jasmonate: a phytohormone with potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:178-190. [PMID: 29072315 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been identified as a vital cell regulator in plants. This substance is analogous to eicosanoids and similar to that of anti-inflammatory prostaglandins. In animals and in animal cells, it displayed an efficient neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action; while in tumoral strains, it demonstrates a potentially highly attractive mechanism of apoptosis induction through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The aim of the present review was to explore two new hypotheses that explain the action of MeJA, a lipid phytohormone and its potentially anti-apoptotic mechanism for use as a therapeutic target for future treatment of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). KEY FINDINGS Methyl jasmonate is a new candidate for the treatment of IBDs, modulating the expression of the major classes of caspase-type protease families that selectively act on the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of the apoptotic process. Its action is based on the reduction of the expression in tumour necrosis factor tissue levels and the modulating action of reactive oxygen species production, acting only on the destruction of cells that express the diseased phenotype, and preserving cells that are not transformed. CONCLUSIONS Methyl jasmonate may represent an alternative for the transduction processes of important signals in the cellular renewal of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graciette Matioli
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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11
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Xiao S, Zhou L. Gastric cancer: Metabolic and metabolomics perspectives (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:5-17. [PMID: 28535006 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide and remains a major health threat in Asia-Pacific regions, while its pathological mechanism is generally unknown. Recent research has advanced the understanding of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and carcinogenesis. In particular, metabolic regulation and cancer research are being further brought into sharp focus with the emergence of metabolomics. Not only can metabolomics provide global information on metabolic profiles of specific tumors, but it can also act as a promising tool to discover biomarkers regarding diagnosis, metastatic surveillance and chemotherapeutic sensitivity prediction. Meanwhile, metabolism-based anticancer therapies will be further discovered. Up to now, accumulative studies have highlighted the application of metabolomics in gastric cancer research regarding different aspects; therefore we summarized the current available results of how metabolic changes are linked to gastric carcinogenesis, and how metabolomics holds promise for the diagnosis, metastatic surveillance, treatment and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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12
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Bornschein J, Seidel T, Langner C, Link A, Wex T, Selgrad M, Jechorek D, Meyer F, Bird-Lieberman E, Vieth M, Malfertheiner P. MMP2 and MMP7 at the invasive front of gastric cancer are not associated with mTOR expression. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:212. [PMID: 26652716 PMCID: PMC4676863 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulation of MMP expression by activation of mTOR signalling has been demonstrated for several tumor types, but has thus far not been confirmed in gastric cancer. Findings The study compromised 128 patients who underwent gastric resection for cancer (66.4 % male; 86 intestinal, 42 diffuse type). Immunohistochemical staining of MMPs was performed to analyse the topographical pattern of MMP expression at the tumor center and the invasive front, respectively. MMP2 showed higher expression at the invasive front compared to the tumor center, whereas MMP7 staining scores were higher in the tumor center, and there was no difference for MMP9. The expression of p-mTOR was higher in the tumor center than at the invasive front, with a similar trend for mTOR. For intestinal type gastric cancer there was a weak correlation of MMP9 with expression of mTOR in the tumor center. Otherwise, there was no correlation of the MMPs with mTOR. By treatment of MKN45 gastric cancer cells with rapamycin, a reduction of p-mTOR in the Western blot was achieved; however, expression of MMPs remained unaffected. Conclusions Expression of MMP2 and MMP7 in gastric cancer is not associated with mTOR, MMP9 expression might be related to mTOR signalling in a subset of tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0449-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bornschein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
| | - Tina Seidel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Cosima Langner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Am Neustädter Feld 47, Magdeburg, 39124, Germany
| | - Michael Selgrad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Doerthe Jechorek
- Institute for Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Frank Meyer
- Department for General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Bird-Lieberman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute for Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
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13
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Screening Thai plants for DNA protection, anti-collagenase and suppression of MMP-3 expression properties. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Liu F, Zhou J, Zhou P, Chen W, Guo F. The ubiquitin ligase CHIP inactivates NF-κB signaling and impairs the ability of migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2096-106. [PMID: 25672477 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin modification of proteins influences cellular processes related to carcinogenesis. The carboxyl terminus of Hsc-70-interacting protein (CHIP), as U-box-type ubiquitin ligase, induces ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of its substrate proteins. In this study, the role of CHIP in diverse aspects of gastric cancer cells was investigated. CHIP overexpression in the AGS gastric cancer cells caused impaired tumor growth. CHIP overexpression significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of the AGS cells. Moreover, we found that not only RelA/p65 but also RelB, the NF-κB subunits, was negatively regulated by CHIP, likely owing to the TRAF2 reduction. Downregulated target genes of NF-κB subunits, including MMP-2 and -9, integrin β-1 and Bcl-2 were involved in these processes. We also showed that the expression level of CHIP was frequently decreased in gastric cancer tissues and the low level of CHIP expression might be an indicator of an unfavorable prognosis. Taken together, these observations provide functional evidence for CHIP behaviors as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
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Discovery and validation of an INflammatory PROtein-driven GAstric cancer Signature (INPROGAS) using antibody microarray-based oncoproteomics. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1942-54. [PMID: 24722433 PMCID: PMC4039123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis by identifying and validating an INflammatory PROtein-driven GAstric cancer Signature (hereafter INPROGAS) using low-cost affinity proteomics. The detection of 120 cytokines, 43 angiogenic factors, 41 growth factors, 40 inflammatory factors and 10 metalloproteinases was performed using commercially available human antibody microarray-based arrays. We identified 21 inflammation-related proteins (INPROGAS) with significant differences in expression between GC tissues and normal gastric mucosa in a discovery cohort of matched pairs (n=10) of tumor/normal gastric tissues. Ingenuity pathway analysis confirmed the "inflammatory response", "cellular movement" and "immune cell trafficking" as the most overrepresented biofunctions within INPROGAS. Using an expanded independent validation cohort (n = 22), INPROGAS classified gastric samples as "GC" or "non-GC" with a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI 59-94) and a specificity of 73% (95% CI 49-89). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value in this validation cohort were 75% (95% CI 53-90) and 80% (95% CI 56-94), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value in this validation cohort were 75% (95% CI 53-90) and 80% (95% CI 56-94), respectively. Antibody microarray analyses of the GC-associated inflammatory proteome identified a 21-protein INPROGAS that accurately discriminated GC from noncancerous gastric mucosa.
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Xuan X, Li S, Lou X, Zheng X, Li Y, Wang F, Gao Y, Zhang H, He H, Zeng Q. Stat3 promotes invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through up-regulation of MMP2. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:907-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Alizadeh AM, Shiri S, Farsinejad S. Metastasis review: from bench to bedside. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8483-523. [PMID: 25104089 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the final result of uninhibited cell growth that involves an enormous group of associated diseases. One major aspect of cancer is when cells attack adjacent components of the body and spread to other organs, named metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. In developing this process, metastatic cells must successfully negotiate a series of complex steps, including dissociation, invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and dormancy regulated by various signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies and collect a comprehensive encyclopedia in molecular basis of metastasis, and then we will discuss some new potential therapeutics which target the metastasis pathways. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell metastasis is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients that would be valuable for researchers in both fields of molecular and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran,
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18
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Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and their tissue inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) in gastric cancer patients. Adv Med Sci 2014; 58:235-43. [PMID: 24384769 DOI: 10.2478/ams-2013-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) is able to degrade type IV collagen and its activity is mostly regulated by tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2). These proteins might play a role in tumor progression, including gastric cancer (GC). METHODS The study included 108 individuals, GC patients and healthy subjects. Serum levels of all analyzed markers were evaluated by the immunological methods, while immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of these proteins in GC, interstitial inflammatory cells and normal tissues. RESULTS The percentage of positive reactions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was higher in GC and inflammatory cells compared to normal tissue, while serum levels of these proteins were statistically lower in GC patients in comparison to healthy subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between TIMP-2 immunoreactivity in inflammatory cells and the presence of lymph node metastasis. Area under ROC curve (AUC) for TIMP-2 was higher than MMP-2, while serum MMP-2 was an independent prognostic factor of GC patients' survival. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TIMP-2 seems to be a predictor of tumor progression, especially for nodal involvement, whereas serum MMP-2 might be useful as an independent prognostic factor of patients' survival.
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Sun GG, Wei CD, Jing SW, Hu WN. Interactions between Filamin A and MMP-9 Regulate Proliferation and Invasion in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3789-95. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Sun GG, Lu YF, Zhang J, Hu WN. Filamin A regulates MMP-9 expression and suppresses prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:3819-26. [PMID: 24390612 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the expression and clinical significance of Filamin A (FLNA) in prostate carcinoma and the biological effect in its cell line by FLNA overexpression. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to analyze FLNA protein expression in 68 cases of prostate cancer and 37 cases of normal tissues to study the influence of the upregulated expression of FLNA that might be found on PC-3 cell biological effect. In the immunohistochemical analysis, the level of FLNA protein expression was found to be significantly lower in prostate cancer tissue than in normal tissues (P < 0.05). In the Western blot analysis, the relative amount of FLNA protein in prostate cancer tissue was found to be significantly lower than in normal tissues (P < 0.05). The level of FLNA protein expression was not correlated with age and PSA concentration (P > 0.05), but it was correlated with T stages, lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, and Gleason score (P < 0.05). The result of biological function showed that PC-3 cell transfected FLNA had a lower survival fraction, a significant decrease in migration and invasion, and a lower matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) protein expression compared with PC-3 cell untransfected FLNA (P < 0.05). FLNA expression decreased in prostate cancer and correlated significantly with T stages, lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, and Gleason score, suggesting that FLNA may play important roles as a negative regulator to prostate cancer PC-3 cell by promoting the degradation of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Sun
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, No. 65, Shengli Road, Lunan District, Tangshan, 063000, China
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21
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An antiproliferative gene FLNA regulates migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cell in vitro and its clinical significance. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2641-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Absent expression of FLNA is correlated with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2967-74. [PMID: 24218340 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the expression, clinical significance of filamin A (FLNA) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the biological effect in its cell line by FLNA overexpression. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to analyze FLNA protein expression in 63 cases of nasopharyngeal cancer and 21 cases of normal tissues to study the relationship between FLNA expression and clinical factors. FLNA lentiviral vector and empty vector were respectively transfected into nasopharyngeal cancer CNE2 cell line. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the mRNA level and protein of FLNA. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, migration, and invasion assays were also conducted as to the influence of the upregulated expression of FLNA that might be found on CNE2 cell biological effect. Immunohistochemistry: the level of FLNA protein expression was found to be significantly lower in nasopharyngeal cancer tissue than normal tissues (P < 0.05). Western blot: the relative amount of FLNA protein in nasopharyngeal cancer tissue was found to be significantly lower than in normal tissues (P < 0.05). The level of FLNA protein expression was correlated with T stages, lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, and histological grade (P < 0.05). Loss of FLNA expression correlated significantly with poor overall survival time by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.05). The result of biological function has shown that CNE2 cell-transfected FLNA had a lower survival fraction, significant decrease in migration and invasion, and lower matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) protein expression compared with CNE2 cell-untransfected FLNA (P < 0.05). FLNA expression decreased in nasopharyngeal cancer and correlated significantly lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, histological grade, and poor overall survival, suggesting that FLNA may play important roles as a negative regulator to nasopharyngeal cancer CNE2 cell by promoting degradation of MMP-9.
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JIAO FENG, JIN ZILIANG, WANG LEI, WANG LIWEI. Research and clinical applications of molecular biomarkers in gastrointestinal carcinoma (Review). Biomed Rep 2013; 1:819-827. [PMID: 24649035 PMCID: PMC3917016 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoma is a common malignant disease worldwide. Its development and progression is a multistage process involving a multifactorial etiology. Although the detailed mechanisms of the development of GI carcinoma remain controversial, the elucidation of its molecular biology over the last few years has resulted in a better perspective on its epidemiology, carcinogenesis and pathogenesis. More significantly, it is currently possible to use biological indicators or biomarkers in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and specific clinical interventions. In this review, we aimed to describe the biomarkers of pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of GI carcinoma and discuss their potential clinical applications. The majority of these biomarkers, such as tumor-associated antigens, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, metastasis-associated genes, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors and microRNAs, are currently broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- FENG JIAO
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - ZILIANG JIN
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LIWEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Combined features based on MT1-MMP expression, CD11b + immunocytes density and LNR predict clinical outcomes of gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2013; 11:153. [PMID: 23787075 PMCID: PMC3691667 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the complexity of tumor microenvironment, no single marker from cancer cells could adequately predict the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of combined features including conventional pathology, proteinase and immune data in GC. Methods In addition to pathological studies, immunohistochemistry was used to assess membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression and CD11b + immunocytes density in three independent GC tissue microarrays containing 184 GC tissues. Separate and combined features were evaluated for their impact on overall survival (OS). Results We found that traditional factors including tumor size, histological grade, lymph node status, serosa invasion and TNM stage were associated with OS (P < 0.05 for all). Moreover, statistically significant differences in OS were found among lymph node ratio (LNR) subgroups (P < 0.001), MT1-MMP subgroups (P = 0.015), and CD11b + immunocytes density subgroups (P = 0.031). Most importantly, combined feature (MT1-MMP positive, low CD11b + immunocytes density and high LNR) was found by multivariate analysis to be an independent prognostic factors for OS after excluding other confounding factors (HR = 3.818 [95%CI: 2.223-6.557], P < 0.001). In addition, this combined feature had better performance in predicting clinical outcomes after surgery long before recurrence had occurred (Area under the curve: 0.689 [95%CI: 0.609-0.768], P < 0.001). Conclusions These findings indicate that better information on GC prognosis could be obtained from combined clinico-pathological factors, tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment.
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25
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Zheng L, Li D, Xiang X, Tong L, Qi M, Pu J, Huang K, Tong Q. Methyl jasmonate abolishes the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells through down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 14. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:74. [PMID: 23394613 PMCID: PMC3576238 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that methyl jasmonate (MJ), a plant stress hormone, exhibits anti-cancer activity on human cancer cells. The aim of this study is to determine whether sub-cytotoxic MJ can abolish the migration, invasion and angiogenesis gastric cancer cells. METHODS Human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45 were treated with diverse concentrations of MJ. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis capabilities of cancer cells were measured by MTT colorimetry, EdU incorporation, scratch assay, matrigel invasion assay, and tube formation assay. Gene expression was detected by western blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Binding of transcription factor on gene promoter was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Sub-cytotoxic (0.05 to 0.2 mM) MJ attenuated the migration, invasion and angiogenesis, but not the cell viability or proliferation, of gastric cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) and its downstream gene vascular endothelial growth factor. Restoration of MMP-14 expression rescued the SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells from sub-cytotoxic MJ-inhibited migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In addition, sub-cytotoxic MJ decreased the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression and binding on MMP-14 promoter, while restoration of Sp1 expression rescued the cancer cells from sub-cytotoxic MJ-mediated defects in MMP-14 expression, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Sub-cytotoxic MJ attenuates the MMP-14 expression via decreasing the Sp1 expression and binding on MMP-14 promoter, thus inhibiting the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, People’s Republic of China
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Wong H, Yau T. Molecular targeted therapies in advanced gastric cancer: does tumor histology matter? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2013; 6:15-31. [PMID: 23320047 PMCID: PMC3539290 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x12453636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease which may be divided into subgroups based on histological, anatomical, epidemiological and molecular classifications. Distinct molecular drivers and tumor biology, and thus different treatment targets and predictive biomarkers, may be implicated in each subtype. However, there is little evidence in the literature regarding the correlation among these different classifications, and particularly the molecular aberrations present in each subtype. In this review, we approach advanced gastric cancer (AGC) by presenting aberrant molecular pathways and their potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer according to histological and anatomical classification, dividing gastric cancer into proximal nondiffuse, distal nondiffuse and diffuse disease. Several pathways are involved predominantly, although not exclusively, in different subtypes. This may help to explain the disappointing results of many published AGC trials in which study populations were heterogeneous regardless of clinicopathological characteristics of the primary tumor. Histological and anatomical classification may provide insights into tumor biology and facilitate selection of an enriched patient population for targeted agents in future studies and in the clinic. However, some molecular pathways implicated in gastric cancer have not been studied in correlation with histological or anatomical subtypes. Further studies are necessary to confirm the suggestion that such classification may predict tumor biology and facilitate selection of an enriched patient population for targeted agents in future studies and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Wong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Chen QJ, Lv ZL, Dang YW, Wei JJ. Correlation between MMP-9/TIMP-1 imbalance and ZHX2 expression in gastric carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1832-1837. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i20.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-l (TIMP-1) and ZHX2 in gastric carcinoma and to analyze their association with pathological features.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and ZHX2 proteins in 62 cases of gastric carcinoma and matched tumor-adjacent tissue specimens. The correlation of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and ZHX2 protein expression with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric carcinoma was then analyzed.
RESULTS: The positive rate of MMP-9 expression was significantly higher (66.13% vs 29.03%, P < 0.01), and that of TIMP-1 was significantly lower (41.94% vs 74.19%, P < 0.01) in gastric carcinoma than in tumor-adjacent tissue. The positive rate of MMP-9 expression was significantly higher in the ZHX2-positive group than in the ZHX2-negative group (84.44% vs 17.65%, P < 0.05). MMP-9 expression was not associated with age, gender, tumor size, tumor location, general type, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or TNM stage, but was significantly associated with depth of invasion (P < 0.05). The positive rate of TIMP-1 expression was significantly lower in the ZHX2-positive group than in the ZHX2-negative group (28.89% vs 76.49%, P < 0.05). TIMP-1 expression was not associated with age, gender, tumor size, tumor location, general type, tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or TNM stage.
CONCLUSION: Detection of MMP-9 protein expression may be used to assess the malignant biological behavior and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. MMP-9/TIMP-1 imbalance may be related to the expression of ZHX2 in gastric carcinoma.
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Fanelli MF, Chinen LTD, Begnami MD, Costa WL, Fregnami JHT, Soares FA, Montagnini AL. The influence of transforming growth factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9 and CXCR4 proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition on overall survival of patients with gastric cancer. Histopathology 2012; 61:153-61. [PMID: 22582975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Determination of prognostic parameters that are predictive of survival of gastric cancer (GC) may allow better identification of patients who could benefit from current chemotherapy regimens. To assess the correlation between tumour progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we assayed the expression levels of selected molecules involved in EMT [CD44, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9 and C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR4)], and correlated these with overall patient survival (OS) and disease stage. METHODS AND RESULTS Medical records and pathological biopsy results of 137 patients with GC were evaluated retrospectively. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that expression of CXCR4 was correlated significantly with the expression of all other proteins studied. In contrast, COX-2 expression correlated significantly with the expression of only MMP-7 (P = 0.011), MMP-9 (P = 0.015) and CXCR4 (P = 0.013). We observed significant negative correlations between OS and the expression of TGF-α (P = 0.017), COX-2 (P < 0.001), CXCR4 (P = 0.010), MMP-7 (P = 0.020) and MMP-9 (P = 0.015). On multivariate analysis, only COX-2 was an independent prognostic factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-9.75; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS COX-2, TGF-α, MMP-7, MMP-9 and CXCR4 are associated with poor OS in gastric cancer.
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Liu XL, Chen HL, Yu BP, Guo MW, Li L. Significance of expression of EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP in primary gastric carcinoma and associated lymph node metastases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:27-33. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) proteins in primary gastric carcinoma (GC) and associated lymph node metastases, and to analyze their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters of GC.
METHODS: Expression of EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP proteins were detected by quantum dot-based immunofluorescence technology on tissue microarrays including 204 cases of GC, 21 cases of non-cancerous gastric mucosa tissue, and 20 cases of metastatic lymph node tissue. The results were analyzed using a semiquantitative method.
RESULTS: The positive rates of EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP protein expression were highest metastatic lymph nodes, followed by GC, chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, and normal gastric mucosa, which showed a decreasing trend. The positive rates of EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP protein expression were significantly higher in GC and lymph node metastases than in normal gastric mucosa. The expression of EMMPRIN protein was positively correlated with infiltration depth, higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, while expression of MT1-MMP protein was positively correlated with higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. A positive correlation was observed between EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP protein expression in GC (r = 0.584, P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP proteins may play a synergistic role in the development and progression of GC.
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Kapral M, Wawszczyk J, Jurzak M, Hollek A, Węglarz L. The effect of inositol hexaphosphate on the expression of selected metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in IL-1β-stimulated colon cancer cells. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:1419-28. [PMID: 22415590 PMCID: PMC3474917 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have repeatedly been shown to play a very active role in extracellular matrix degradation associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) are well-known for their ability to inhibit MMP activity thereby inhibiting malignant progression. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6 phytic acid) has been recognized to have both preventive and therapeutic effects against various cancers including that of colon. In in vitro studies, IP6 has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer cell adhesion and migration. In the present study, the effect of IP6 on the expression of MMP and TIMP genes was evaluated in unstimulated and IL-1β-stimulated colon cancer cell line Caco-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time QRT-PCR was used to validate the transcription level of selected MMP and TIMP genes in Caco-2 cells after treatment with 1 ng/ml of IL-1β, 2.5 mM of IP6, and both for 6, 12, and 24 h. RESULTS Stimulation of cells with IL-1β only resulted in an overexpression of MMP and their TIMP mRNAs. A significant decrease in MMP-13, MMP-3, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 basal expression was achieved by IP6. IP6 was also an efficient downregulator of MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 genes transcription stimulated by IL-1β in 6 h lasting culture. After 12 h, IL-1β-induced MMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced by IP6. CONCLUSION Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β upregulates MMP and TIMP mRNAs expression in colon cancer epithelial cells Caco-2. IP6 (2.5 mM) influences constitutive expression of both MMP and TIMP genes and downregulates IL-1β stimulated transcription of some of these genes. IP6 exerts its anti-metastatic activity through modulation of MMP and TIMP genes expression to prevent cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kapral
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Narcyzow 1, Poland
| | - Joanna Wawszczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Narcyzow 1, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jurzak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Narcyzow 1, Poland
| | - Andrzej Hollek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Narcyzow 1, Poland
| | - Ludmiła Węglarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Narcyzow 1, Poland
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Vascular Pathology as a Potential Therapeutic Target in SCI. Transl Stroke Res 2011; 2:556-74. [PMID: 24323683 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-011-0128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a progressive secondary degeneration which exacerbates the loss of penumbral tissue and neurological function. Here, we first provide an overview of the known pathophysiological mechanisms involving injured microvasculature and molecular regulators that contribute to the loss and dysfunction of existing and new blood vessels. We also highlight the differences between traumatic and ischemic injuries which may yield clues as to the more devastating nature of traumatic injuries, possibly involving toxicity associated with hemorrhage. We also discuss known species differences with implications for choosing models, their relevance and utility to translate new treatments towards the clinic. Throughout this review, we highlight the potential opportunities and proof-of-concept experimental studies for targeting therapies to endothelial cell-specific responses. Lastly, we comment on the need for vascular mechanisms to be included in drug development and non-invasive diagnostics such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and imaging of spinal cord pathology.
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Yabushita H, Iwasaki K, Kanyama K, Obayashi Y, Zhuo L, Itano N, Kimata K, Wakatsuki A. Clinicopathological Role of Serum-Derived Hyaluronan-Associated Protein (SHAP)-Hyaluronan Complex in Endometrial Cancer. Obstet Gynecol Int 2011; 2011:739150. [PMID: 21904555 PMCID: PMC3166775 DOI: 10.1155/2011/739150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of hyaluronan (HA), serum-derived HA-associated protein (SHAP)-HA complex and hyaluronan synthase (HAS) in endometrial carcinomas was investigated. The relationship of metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor (TIMP) with HA and the SHAP-HA complex was also examined. The expression of HAS1 was related to the depth of myometrial invasion and lymph-vascular space involvement. The serum levels of HA, SHAP-HA complex, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were increased in related with the depth of myometrial invasion, histological grade and lymph-vascular space involvement. They were also higher in the HAS1-positive group compared to -negative group. The serum concentrations of HA and SHAP-HA complex had a significant correlation with the MMP-9 and TIMP-1. The patients with elevated SHAP-HA complex had the shorter disease-free survival. The multivariate analysis revealed that the SHAP-HA complex was the independent variable for disease-free survival of endometrial cancer patients. In conclusion, the elevation of serum SHAP-HA complex depended on the HAS1 expression and the SHAP-HA complex is a useful marker to predict disease recurrence in endometrial cancer patients. The SHAP-HA complex may promote the lymph-vascular space involvement and the synthesis and activation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the progression of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Yabushita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Keita Iwasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kanyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toyokawa City Hospital, Toyakawa, Aichi 422-8561, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Obayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Lisheng Zhuo
- Research Complex for the Medicine Frontiers, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naoki Itano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Kimata
- Research Complex for the Medicine Frontiers, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute-cho, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Lukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B, Szmitkowski M. Gastric cancer - The role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor progression. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1725-30. [PMID: 21693112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a very aggressive malignant tumor of gastrointestinal tract due to its invasive nature and early metastatic ability. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM) barriers are essential steps in the pathology of GC. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the process due to their ability to degrade and rearrange these barriers to support and facilitate tumor cell migration. Therefore, these enzymes affect early carcinogenesis, tumor development and growth as well as the invasion of cancer cells at primary and metastatic sites. The endogenous inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) inhibit the active forms of MMPs and regulate the processes of their activation. The imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs may facilitate the progression of neoplastic cells. The enhanced levels of various MMPs and TIMPs have been observed in the tissue, plasma and serum of patients with many types of tumor, including gastric cancer. Moreover, levels of MMPs and TIMPs in the tissues as well as in the blood of GC patients correlated with tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion, presence of nodal and distant metastases. Selected MMPs and their tissue inhibitors were proved to be independent prognostic factors for GC patients' survival. However, further studies concerning the role of MMPs and their inhibitors in tumor biology are necessary.
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A/G Polymorphism of the MMP-7 Gene Promoter Region in Colorectal Cancer. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2011; 83:622-6. [DOI: 10.2478/v10035-011-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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