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Bertoli E, De Carlo E, Bortolot M, Stanzione B, Del Conte A, Spina M, Bearz A. Targeted Therapy in Mesotheliomas: Uphill All the Way. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1971. [PMID: 38893092 PMCID: PMC11171080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive and lethal disease with few therapeutic opportunities. Platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy is the backbone of first-line treatment for MM. The introduction of immunotherapy (IO) has been the only novelty of the last decades, allowing an increase in survival compared to standard chemotherapy (CT). However, IO is not approved for epithelioid histology in many countries. Therefore, therapy for relapsed MM remains an unmet clinical need, and the prognosis of MM remains poor, with an average survival of only 18 months. Increasing evidence reveals MM complexity and heterogeneity, of which histological classification fails to explain. Thus, scientific focus on possibly new molecular markers or cellular targets is increasing, together with the search for target therapies directed towards them. The molecular landscape of MM is characterized by inactivating tumor suppressor alterations, the most common of which is found in CDKN2A, BAP1, MTAP, and NF2. In addition, cellular targets such as mesothelin or metabolic enzymes such as ASS1 could be potentially amenable to specific therapies. This review examines the major targets and relative attempts of therapeutic approaches to provide an overview of the potential prospects for treating this rare neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bertoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Elisa De Carlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Bortolot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandro Del Conte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Bearz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
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Sato Y, Elbadawy M, Suzuki K, Tsunedomi R, Nagano H, Ishihara Y, Yamamoto H, Azakami D, Uchide T, Nabeta R, Fukushima R, Abugomaa A, Kaneda M, Yamawaki H, Shinohara Y, Usui T, Sasaki K. Establishment of an experimental model of canine malignant mesothelioma organoid culture using a three-dimensional culture method. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114651. [PMID: 37030135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant mesothelioma (cMM) is a rare and drug-resistant malignant tumor. Due to few patients and experimental models, there have not been enough studies to demonstrate the pathogenesis of the disease and novel effective treatment for cMM. Since cMM resembles human MM (hMM) in histopathological characteristics, it is also considered a promising research model of hMM. Compared with conventional 2-dimensional (2D) culture methods, 3-dimensional (3D) organoid culture can recapitulate the properties of original tumor tissues. However, cMM organoids have never been developed. In the present study, we for the first time generated cMM organoids using the pleural effusion samples. Organoids from individual MM dogs were successfully generated. They exhibited the characteristics of MM and expressed mesothelial cell markers, such as WT-1 and mesothelin. The sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs was different in each strain of cMM organoids. RNA sequencing analysis showed cell adhesion molecule pathways were specifically upregulated in cMM organoids compared with their corresponding 2D cultured cells. Among these genes, the expression level of E-cadherin was drastically higher in the organoids than that in the 2D cells. In conclusion, our established cMM organoids might become a new experimental tool to provide new insights into canine and human MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomogi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, Egypt.
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rina Nabeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Emergency Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi 23 ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Pet Health & Food Division, Iskara Industry CO., LTD, 1-14-2, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Chia PL, Parakh S, Russell P, Gan HK, Asadi K, Gebski V, Murone C, Walkiewicz M, Liu Z, Thapa B, Scott FE, Scott AM, John T. Expression of EGFR and conformational forms of EGFR in malignant pleural mesothelioma and its impact on survival. Lung Cancer 2020; 153:35-41. [PMID: 33453471 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Conformational forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are pro-tumorigenic. The prevalence and impact of conformational forms of EGFR in malignant mesothelioma (MM) is unknown. We investigated expression of EGFR and conformational forms of EGFR by immunohistochemistry using EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In addition, EGFR gene amplification was investigated by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Findings were correlated with survival. METHODS Patients treated between 1988 and 2014 were identified from the thoracic surgery database of the Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed, subjected to wild type (wt) EGFR IHC staining and FISH analysis. Conformational and mutation forms of EGFR were detected by IHC using mAb806, and LMH-151 which detects EGFRVIII. `H-scores` were derived and EGFR expression correlated with survival by Kaplan-Meier and log rank analysis. RESULTS WtEGFR expression was seen in 93 % (299/321) of cases with overexpression (defined as an H-score ≥200) seen in more than half of cases (64 %). EGFR overexpression in MM was seen more commonly in the epithelioid subtype. EGFR overexpression was not associated with true EGFR amplification, although multiple copies were appreciated in samples with polysomy. EGFR expression did not correlate with survival. A conformational form of EGFR associated with EGFR dysregulation was found in 8.2 % of cases, and patients with these tumors had a trend towards a poorer outcome. No cases of the EGFRVIII mutation were identified. CONCLUSION MM consistently demonstrated high expression of EGFR, with a subset of tumors showing conformational EGFR forms consistent with EGFR dysregulation, but withoutEGFR amplification or EGFR VIII mutation. wtEGFR expression did not influence survival. The impact of EGFR conformation on survival warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puey Ling Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prudence Russell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pathology, St Vincent's, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Khashayer Asadi
- Department of Pathology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carmel Murone
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Zhanqi Liu
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bibhusal Thapa
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona E Scott
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Chia PL, Parakh S, Tsao MS, Pham NA, Gan HK, Cao D, Burvenich IJG, Rigopoulos A, Reilly EB, John T, Scott AM. Targeting and Efficacy of Novel mAb806-Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Malignant Mesothelioma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E289. [PMID: 33023139 PMCID: PMC7601847 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly overexpressed in malignant mesothelioma (MM). MAb806 is a novel anti-EGFR antibody that selectively targets a tumor-selective epitope. MAb806-derived antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), ABT-414, ABBV-221 and ABBV-322, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in MM. EGFR and mAb806 epitope expressions in mesothelioma cell lines were evaluated using an array of binding assays, and the in vitro cell effects of ABT-414 and ABBV-322 were determined. In vivo therapy studies were conducted in mesothelioma xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models. We also performed biodistribution and imaging studies to allow the quantitative targeting of MM by mAb806 using a 89Zr-labeled immunoconjugate-ch806. A high EGFR expression was present in all mesothelioma cell lines evaluated and mAb806 binding present in all cell lines, except NCIH-2452. ABT-414 and ABBV-322 resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition in MM models with high EGFR and mAb806 epitope expressions. In contrast, in an EGFR-expressing PDX model that was negative for the mAb806 epitope, no growth inhibition was observed. We demonstrated the specific targeting of the mAb806 epitope expressing MM tumors using 89Zr-based PET imaging. Our data suggest that targeting EGFR in MM using specific ADCs is a valid therapeutic strategy and supports further investigation of the mAb806 epitope expression as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puey-Ling Chia
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd &, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; (M.-S.T.); (N.-A.P.)
| | - Nhu-An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; (M.-S.T.); (N.-A.P.)
| | - Hui K. Gan
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd &, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Diana Cao
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Ingrid J. G. Burvenich
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Thomas John
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd &, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia; (P.-L.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.G.); (D.C.); (I.J.G.B.); (A.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd &, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
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Chia PL, Scott AM, John T. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies in mesothelioma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:441-451. [PMID: 30916586 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1598374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy arising from the mesothelial cells lining the pleura and other serosal membranes. It is associated with an extremely poor prognosis and has limited therapeutic options. AREAS COVERED Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be highly overexpressed in mesothelioma with reported EGFR overexpression between 44 to 97%. Given this, several anti-EGFR agents have been trialed in mesothelioma. In this review, we provide an overview of the current available data on anti-EGFR therapies in MM and future directions of investigation with these targeted agents in MM. EXPERT OPINION While many anti-EGFR therapies have failed to show significant efficacy in the management of MM, the pathway is biologically active and its abrogation preclinically points toward it being a valid target. Toward targeting the pathway, many novel EGFR-based therapies are still being investigated. Current ongoing research of interest in MM include EGFR-targeted nanotechnology approach for drug delivery, antibodies targeting the extracellular EGFR and potentially anti-EGFR antibody drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puey Ling Chia
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Austin Health , Melbourne , Australia.,b Tumour Targeting Laboratory , Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,c Faculty of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- b Tumour Targeting Laboratory , Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,c Faculty of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,d School of Cancer Medicine , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia.,e Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy , Austin Health, and University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Thomas John
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Austin Health , Melbourne , Australia.,c Faculty of Medicine , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,d School of Cancer Medicine , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia.,f Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory , Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia
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Cramer G, Shin M, Hagan S, Katz SI, Simone CB, Busch TM, Cengel KA. Modeling Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitor-mediated Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy Using 3D Mesothelioma Cell Culture. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:397-405. [PMID: 30499112 DOI: 10.1111/php.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that lung-sparing surgery with intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) achieves remarkably extended survival for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Nevertheless, most patients treated using this approach experience local recurrence, so it is essential to identify ways to enhance tumor response. We previously reported that PDT transiently activates EGFR/STAT3 in lung and ovarian cancer cells and inhibiting EGFR via erlotinib can increase PDT sensitivity. Additionally, we have seen higher EGFR expression associating with worse outcomes after Photofrin-mediated PDT for MPM, and the extensive desmoplastic reaction associated with MPM influences tumor phenotype and therapeutic response. Since extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins accrued during stroma development can alter EGF signaling within tumors, we have characterized novel 3D models of MPM to determine their response to erlotinib combined with Photofrin-PDT. Our MPM cell lines formed a range of acinar phenotypes when grown on ECM gels, recapitulating the locally invasive phenotype of MPM in pleura and endothoracic fascia. Using these models, we confirmed that EGFR inhibition increases PDT cytotoxicity. Together with emerging evidence that EGFR inhibition may improve survival of lung cancer patients through immunologic and direct cell killing mechanisms, these results suggest erlotinib-enhanced PDT may significantly improve outcomes for MPM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Cramer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah Hagan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sharyn I Katz
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Keith A Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Heterogeneous Contributing Factors in MPM Disease Development and Progression: Biological Advances and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010238. [PMID: 29342862 PMCID: PMC5796186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tumors are remarkably aggressive and most patients only survive for 5–12 months; irrespective of stage; after primary symptoms appear. Compounding matters is that MPM remains unresponsive to conventional standards of care; including radiation and chemotherapy. Currently; instead of relying on molecular signatures and histological typing; MPM treatment options are guided by clinical stage and patient characteristics because the mechanism of carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated; although about 80% of cases can be linked to asbestos exposure. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the MPM tumor microenvironment; such as angiogenesis; apoptosis; cell-cycle regulation and several growth factor-related pathways predicted to be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the availability of genomic data has improved our understanding of the pathobiology of MPM. The MPM genomic landscape is dominated by inactivating mutations in several tumor suppressor genes; such as CDKN2A; BAP1 and NF2. Given the complex heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment in MPM; a better understanding of the interplay between stromal; endothelial and immune cells at the molecular level is required; to chaperone the development of improved personalized therapeutics. Many recent advances at the molecular level have been reported and several exciting new treatment options are under investigation. Here; we review the challenges and the most up-to-date biological advances in MPM pertaining to the molecular pathways implicated; progress at the genomic level; immunological progression of this fatal disease; and its link with developmental cell pathways; with an emphasis on prognostic and therapeutic treatment strategies.
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Guazzelli A, Bakker E, Tian K, Demonacos C, Krstic-Demonacos M, Mutti L. Promising investigational drug candidates in phase I and phase II clinical trials for mesothelioma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:933-944. [PMID: 28679291 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1351545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and lethal malignancy primarily affecting the pleura and peritoneum. Mesothelioma incidence is expected to increase worldwide and current treatments remain ineffective, leading to poor prognosis. Within this article potential targets to improve the quality of life of the patients and assessment of further avenues for research are discussed. Areas covered: This review highlights emerging therapies currently under investigation for malignant mesothelioma with a specific focus on phase I and phase II clinical trials. Three main areas are discussed: immunotherapy (immune checkpoint blockade and cancer vaccines, among others), multitargeted therapy (such as targeting pro-angiogenic genes) and gene therapy (such as suicide gene therapy). For each, clinical trials are described to detail the current or past investigations at phase I and II. Expert opinion: The approach of applying existing treatments from other cancers does not show significant benefit, with the most promising outcome being an increase in survival of 2.7 months following combination of chemotherapy with bevacizumab. It is our opinion that the hypoxic microenvironment, the role of the stroma, and the metabolic status of mesothelioma should all be assessed and characterised to aid in the development of new treatments to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Guazzelli
- a Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , UK
| | - Emyr Bakker
- a Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , UK
| | - Kun Tian
- a Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , UK
| | | | - Marija Krstic-Demonacos
- a Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , UK
| | - Luciano Mutti
- a Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences , University of Salford , Salford , UK
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Takeda M, Kasai T, Hatakeyama K, Nakai T, Itami H, Uchiyama T, IIzuka N, Maruyama H, Ohbayashi C. Association Between Clinicopathological Factors and Genomic Abnormalities Detected by FISH Analysis in Epithelioid Diffuse Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:668-673. [PMID: 28673192 DOI: 10.1177/1066896917716773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormality of genes including 9p21 is known in malignant mesothelioma and we have examined the frequency of gene deletion and amplification using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. We formerly reported that abnormality of the genes was more common in the sarcomatoid type than epithelioid type. In this study, we compared the clinicopathological factors including nuclear grade (NG) and genomic abnormality in epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). METHODS Using paraffin-embedded tissues of 31 epithelioid MPMs, we investigated the presence of gene abnormalities in the genes 9p21, 1p36, 14q32, 22q12, 5p15, 6p, 8q24, and 7p12 by the FISH method, and compared the results with NG, clinical stage, and prognosis. RESULTS In the higher NG group of epithelioid MPM, more gene amplifications [in particular 5p15 and 8q24(MYC)] were observed, and clinical stage was more advanced. Cases with the amplification of 7p12(EGFR) tended to exhibit a worse prognosis. The significant correlation between histological differentiation and clinical features such as prognosis was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS NG status in epithelioid MPM may be related to gene alteration and clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Takeda
- 1 Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,2 National Hospital Organization Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kasai
- 2 National Hospital Organization Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinta Hatakeyama
- 1 Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nakai
- 1 Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroe Itami
- 1 Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- 1 Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- 1 Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Alabalık U, Türkcü G, Keleş AN, İbiloğlu İ, Urakçı Z, Büyükbayram H. Aquaporin 1, Aquaporin 3 and Aquaporin 5 expression and EGFR mutation in malignant pleural mesotheliomas: an imunohistochemical and molecular study. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1264275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulaş Alabalık
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Gül Türkcü
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim İbiloğlu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Zuhat Urakçı
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Büyükbayram
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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miR-193a-3p is a potential tumor suppressor in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23480-95. [PMID: 26125439 PMCID: PMC4695131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-induced cancer with poor prognosis that displays characteristic alterations in microRNA expression. Recently it was reported that the expression of a subset of microRNAs can distinguish between MPM and adenocarcinoma of the lung. However, the functional importance of these changes has yet to be investigated. We compared expression of miR-192, miR-193a-3p and the miR-200 family in normal pleura and MPM tumor specimens and found a statistically significant reduction in the levels of miR-193a-3p (3.1-fold) and miR-192 (2.8-fold) in MPM. Transfection of MPM cells with a miR-193a-3p mimic resulted in inhibition of growth and an induction of apoptosis and necrosis in vitro. The growth inhibitory effects of miR-193a-3p were associated with a decrease in MCL1 expression and were recapitulated by RNAi-mediated MCL1 silencing. Targeted delivery of miR-193a-3p mimic using EDV minicells inhibited MPM xenograft tumour growth, and was associated with increased apoptosis. In conclusion, miR-193a-3p appears to have importance in the biology of MPM and may represent a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Furukawa M, Toyooka S, Hayashi T, Yamamoto H, Fujimoto N, Soh J, Hashida S, Shien K, Asano H, Aoe K, Okabe K, Pass HI, Tsukuda K, Kishimoto T, Miyoshi S. DNA copy number gains in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3274-3278. [PMID: 26722325 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. The incidence of MPM is increasing as a result of widespread exposure to asbestos. The molecular pathogenesis of MPM remains unclear. The present study analyzed the frequency of various genomic copy number gains (CNGs) in MPM using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A total of 83 primary MPMs and 53 primary lung adenocarcinomas were analyzed to compare the CNGs of EGFR, KRAS, MET, FGFR1 and SOX2. In MPM, the CNGs of EGFR, KRAS, MET, FGFR1 and SOX2 were detected in 12 (14.5%), 8 (9.6%), 5 (6.0%), 4 (4.8%) and 1 (1.2%) of the samples, respectively. In lung adenocarcinomas, the CNGs of EGFR, KRAS, MET, FGFR1 and SOX2 were detected in 21 (39.6%), 12 (22.6%), 5 (9.4%), 10 (18.9%) and 0 (0.0%) of the samples, respectively. The CNGs of EGFR, KRAS and FGFR1 were significantly less frequent in the MPMs compared with the lung adenocarcinomas (P=0.0018, 0.048 and 0.018, respectively). Overall, the MPMs exhibited these CNGs less frequently compared with the lung adenocarcinomas (P=0.0002). The differences in CNGs between the two tumor types suggested that they are genetically different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Furukawa
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan ; Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hayashi
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan ; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0241, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan ; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0241, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Junichi Soh
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hashida
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan ; Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan ; Department of Clinical Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asano
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoe
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0241, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-0241, Japan
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kazunori Tsukuda
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takumi Kishimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Fibulin-3 levels in malignant pleural mesothelioma are associated with prognosis but not diagnosis. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:963-9. [PMID: 26263483 PMCID: PMC4578085 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibulin-3 (FBLN3) was recently presented as a promising novel biomarker for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), warranting independent validation studies. Methods: ELISA was used to measure cellular and secreted FBLN3 in cell lines, in plasma of xenograft tumour-bearing mice, in plasma from two independent series of MPM and non-MPM patients and in pleural fluid from a third series. Diagnostic and prognostic potential of FBLN3 was assessed by receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and Kaplan–Meier method, respectively. Results: FBLN3 was expressed in all MPM and benign mesothelial cell lines tested, and a correlation was observed between cellular protein expression and secreted levels. Human FBLN3 was detectable in plasma of tumour-bearing mice, suggesting that MPM cells contribute to levels of circulating FBLN3. Plasma FBLN3 was significantly elevated in MPM patients from the Sydney cohort, but not the Vienna cohort, but the diagnostic accuracy was low (63%, (95% CI: 50.1–76.4) and 56% (95% CI: 41.5–71.0), respectively). Although FBLN3 levels in pleural effusions were not significantly different between cases and controls, FBLN3 levels in pleural effusion fluid were found to be independently associated with prognosis (hazard ratio of 9.92 (95% CI: 2.14–45.93)). Conclusions: These data confirm the potential prognostic value of pleural effusion FBLN3, but question the diagnostic value of this protein in MPM patients.
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Davidson B. Prognostic factors in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:789-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cedrés S, Ponce-Aix S, Zugazagoitia J, Sansano I, Enguita A, Navarro-Mendivil A, Martinez-Marti A, Martinez P, Felip E. Analysis of expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121071. [PMID: 25774992 PMCID: PMC4361537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing incidence and poor outcome associated with MPM requires finding effective treatment for this disease. PD1/PD-L1 pathway plays a central role in tumor immune evasion and appears to be predictive and prognostic marker. PD-L1 is expressed in many different human cancers but its role in MPM has yet to be established. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 in MPM. Methods 119 MPM patients (p) from two institutions between November 2002 and February 2014 were reviewed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was stained with anti-PD-L1 (clone E1L3N). Cases showing more than 1% of tumor cells expression of PD-L1 were considered positive. Results PD-L1 was analyzed in 77 p with tumor tissue available and was positive in 20.7% p (14 samples in membrane, 16 in cytoplasm and 4 in immune infiltrate). PD-L1 intensity was weak in 56.2%, moderate in 25% and strong in 18.7% p. There was a significant relationship between PD-L1 expression and histology (PD-L1 expression 37.5% in no-epithelioid tumor and 13.2% in epithelioid; p=0.033). The median survival in p PD-L1 positive was 4.79 vs 16.3 months in p PD-L1 negative (p=0.012). Conclusions We have shown PD-L1 is expressed in 20% of patients, associated with no epithelioid histology and poor prognostic in MPM. Our results suggest PD-L1 warrants further exploration in selecting p for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cedrés
- Medical Oncology Service/Vall d´Hebron Institute Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Santiago Ponce-Aix
- Medical Oncology Service/ 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Zugazagoitia
- Medical Oncology Service/ 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sansano
- Pathology Department/ Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Enguita
- Pathology Department/12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Navarro-Mendivil
- Medical Oncology Service/Vall d´Hebron Institute Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology Service/Vall d´Hebron Institute Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Martinez
- Medical Oncology Service/Vall d´Hebron Institute Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Medical Oncology Service/Vall d´Hebron Institute Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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El-Hosainy A, Hosny H, Gabal S, Ahmed S, El-Hinnawy Y. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor in malignant pleural mesothelioma and its value for successful chemical pleurodesis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Plönes T, Beckers F, Engel-Riedel W, Stoelben E, Brockmann M, Schildgen V, Schildgen O. Absence of amplification of the FGFR1-gene in human malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: a pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:549. [PMID: 25138167 PMCID: PMC4148949 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignant disease with a worse outcome. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1) may be an interesting target for selective tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKI) in MPM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amplification of the FGFR1 gene in patients suffering from MPM. Findings We identified nineteen male patients treated in our department between August 2008 and July 2010 matching the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 68 years. Histopathological examination confirmed thirteen patients with epitheloid subtype, five with biphasic and one patient with sarcomatoid. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed no polysomy nor an amplification of the FGFR gene copy number in any case. Conclusion Regarding that also EGFR amplifications in MPM are absolute rarities, our findings may be a hint that TKI’s will not satisfy the hope for a new era in the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Plönes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Witten/Herdecke, Lung Clinic Merheim, Campus Cologne, Ostmerheimerstrasse 200, 51109 Köln, Germany.
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18
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Jepsen RK, Skov AG, Skov BG. Leser–Trélat syndrome in malignant mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma: is the EGFR pathway part of the syndrome? Virchows Arch 2013; 464:117-20. [PMID: 24233154 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The syndrome of Leser–Trélat (LT) is characterized by the sudden appearance of multiple seborrhoeic keratoses (SKs) in association with internal occult malignancy. Usually, the syndrome has been associated with adenocarcinoma, most frequently of the gastrointestinal tract and breast. The pathogenesis is unclear but might be explained by circulating tumor-associated growth factors. We present two thoracic malignancies associated with LT: adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) and pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM). Both malignant tumors expressed high levels of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), with membranous staining on the majority of malignant cells corresponding to maximum IHC scores of 290 and 300, respectively, for the MM and the ACL. SKs revealed a universal membranous staining throughout the entire epithelium with no difference in EGFR expression between the two cases and two controls with no malignant history. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, no amplification of the EGFR gene in malignant tumors as well as in SK lesions was observed. Further investigations are needed to see whether tumor-associated EGFR ligands/EGFR autocrine loops in malignant cells expressing high levels of EGFR protein on the surface might play a role for the development of SKs, as well as for the growth of malignant tumors in LT.
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Rössle M, Weber CS, Züllig L, Graf N, Jochum W, Stöckli SJ, Moch H, Huber GF. EGFR expression and copy number changes in low T-stage oral squamous cell carcinomas. Histopathology 2013; 63:271-8. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rössle
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Weber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Lena Züllig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Nicole Graf
- Clinical Trials Center; Center for Clinical Research; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Sandro J Stöckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Gerhard F Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
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20
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Nuvoli B, Galati R. Cyclooxygenase-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and aromatase signaling in inflammation and mesothelioma. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:844-52. [PMID: 23729401 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma or mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that develops from transformed cells originating in the mesothelium, the protective lining that covers many of the internal organs of the body. It is directly linked to asbestos exposure, which acts as a carcinogen by initiating the carcinogenic process. Because of their shape, asbestos fibers can cross the membrane barriers inside the body and cause inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. Such reactions are believed to be the mechanism by which asbestos fibers may trigger malignant mesothelioma in the pleural membrane around the lungs. Carcinogens are known to modulate the transcription factors, antiapoptotic proteins, proapoptotic proteins, protein kinases, cell-cycle proteins, cell adhesion molecules, COX-2, and growth factor signaling pathways. This article reviews recent studies regarding some malignant mesothelioma molecular targets not only for cancer prevention but also for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nuvoli
- Molecular Medicine Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Mutation analysis of the EGFR gene and downstream signalling pathway in histologic samples of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1743-9. [PMID: 23558893 PMCID: PMC3668472 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in the pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPMs), the anti-EGFR drugs may be effective in treating MPM patients. Mutations of the EGFR gene or its downstream effectors may cause constitutive activation leading to cell proliferation, and the inhibition of apoptosis and metastases. Consequently, molecular profiling is essential for select patients with MPM who may respond to anti-EGFR therapies. Methods: After manual macrodissection, genomic DNA was extracted from 77 histological samples of MPM: 59 epithelioid, 10 biphasic, and 8 sarcomatoid. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations were sought by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing, KRAS gene mutations by mutant-enriched PCR, and PIK3CA and BRAF gene mutations by direct sequencing. Results: Gene mutations were identified in nine cases (12%): five KRAS, three BRAF, and one PI3KCA mutation; no EGFR gene mutations were detected. There was no difference in disease-specific survival between the patients with or without gene mutations (P=0.552). Conclusions: Mutations in EGFR downstream pathways are not rare in MPM. Although none of those found in this study seemed to be prognostically significant, they may support a more specific selection of patients for future trials.
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Amatya VJ, Takeshima Y, Aoe K, Fujimoto N, Okamoto T, Yamada T, Kishimoto T, Morimoto C, Inai K. CD9 expression as a favorable prognostic marker for patients with malignant mesothelioma. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:21-8. [PMID: 23128478 PMCID: PMC3583601 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD9 is involved in cell growth, adhesion and motility and its expression is reported to be of prognostic significance in various types of human malignancies. We found increased cell migration in the mesothelioma cell lines MSTO-211H and TUM1 following in vitro shRNA-mediated knockdown of CD9 expression. We investigated CD9 expression in 112 malignant pleural mesotheliomas. CD9 expression was observed in 62 of 71 epithelioid, 13 of 20 biphasic and only 1 of 21 sarcomatoid mesotheliomas. Among the epithelioid mesotheliomas (EMs), CD9 expression was observed in all of the 33 cases with a differentiated type (EM-D) and in 29 of the 38 cases with a less-differentiated type (EM-LD). Patients with CD9 expression showed higher 1- and 2-year survival rates (63 and 25%) compared to the patients without CD9 expression (39 and 11%). Univariate analysis revealed that patients with CD9 expression demonstrated a more favorable survival (P=0.0025) along with other clinicopathological factors, including age younger than 60 years, IMIG stage I–II, epithelioid histology, EM-D and patients who underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy or received chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis identified CD9 expression as an independent prognostic factor with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.99 in the analysis of all mesotheliomas (P=0.0261) and an HR of 2.60 in the analysis of EMs (P=0.0376). CD9 expression is an independent favorable prognostic marker of malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Jeet Amatya
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Enomoto Y, Kasai T, Takeda M, Takano M, Morita K, Kadota E, Iizuka N, Maruyama H, Haratake J, Kojima Y, Ikeda N, Nonomura A. A comparison of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in malignant peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma. Pathol Int 2012; 62:226-31. [PMID: 22449226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phenotypic expression in malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma was undertaken, using immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Thirty-eight malignant mesothelioma (MM) specimens were subjected to IHC staining and FISH to evaluate the expression of EGFR protein and gene status. Overall positive IHC reaction was detected in 20/38 (53%) cases, in 11/22 (50%) pleural MM, and in 9/16 (56%) peritoneal MM. Our study confirmed that EGFR membranous expression is a common feature in MM, but not in benign mesothelial lesion. Thirty-seven cases did not show a gene copy number gain. Only one case showed a copy number gain. The protein overexpression of EGFR was not related to a gene copy number gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Enomoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Barbieri F, Würth R, Favoni RE, Pattarozzi A, Gatti M, Ratto A, Ferrari A, Bajetto A, Florio T. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cytotoxic drugs affect pleural mesothelioma cell proliferation: insight into EGFR and ERK1/2 as antitumor targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1467-77. [PMID: 21787763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive chemotherapy-resistant cancer. Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in MPM development and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may represent novel therapeutic options. We tested the effects of the EGFR TKIs gefitinib and erlotinib and TKIs targeted to other growth factors (VEGFR and PDGFR), in comparison to standard antineoplastic agents, in two human MPM cell lines, IST-Mes2 and ZL55. All drugs showed IC(50) values in the micromolar range: TKIs induced cytostatic effects at concentrations up to the IC(50,) while conventional drug growth-inhibitory activity was mainly cytotoxic. Moreover, the treatment of IST-Mes2 with TKIs (gefitinib and imatinib mesylate) in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine did not show additivity. Focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of EGFR-TKIs, we observed that gefitinib induced the formation and stabilization of inactive EGFR homodimers, even in absence of EGF, as demonstrated by EGFR B(max) and number of sites/cell. The analysis of downstream effectors of EGFR signaling demonstrated that EGF-induced proliferation, reverted by gefitinib, involved ERK1/2 activation, independently from Akt pathway. Gefitinib inhibits MPM cell growth and survival, preventing EGF-dependent activation of ERK1/2 pathway by blocking EGFR-TK phosphorylation and stabilizing inactive EGFR dimers. Along with the molecular definition of TKIs pharmacological efficacy in vitro, these results may contribute to delve deep into the promising but still controversial role for targeted and conventional drugs in the therapy of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbieri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2-16132 Genova, Italy.
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