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Choi ME, Lee MY, Won CH, Chang SE, Lee MW, Lee WJ. Spatially Resolved Transcriptomes of CD30+-Transformed Mycosis Fungoides and Cutaneous Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:331-340.e2. [PMID: 37544586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides with large-cell transformation (MF-LCT) occurs in a minor proportion of aggressive lesions, which express CD30 similar to primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcALCL). We investigated the differences in spatially resolved transcriptome profiles of MF-LCT and pcALCL using CD30 morphology markers and 28 and 24 regions of interest (ROIs) in MF-LCT and pcALCL, respectively. Differentially expressed genes, pathway analysis, and immune-cell deconvolution by selective analysis of CD30-positive tumor cells and CD30-negative extratumoral areas were undertaken. In CD30-positive ROIs of MF-LCT, 190 differentially expressed genes were upregulated (29 were directly or indirectly associated with extracellular matrix remodeling), whereas 255 differentially expressed genes were downregulated, compared with those of pcALCL. Except for cornified envelope formation and keratinization, all six pathways enriched in CD30-positive ROIs of MF-LCT were associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. In CD30-positive ROIs in MF-LCT compared with those in pcALCL, immune-cell deconvolution revealed significantly increased fibroblasts and M2 macrophages (P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively) but decreased M1 macrophages (P = 0.031). In CD30-negative ROIs in MF-LCT compared with those in pcALCL, memory B (P = 0.021), plasma (P = 0.023), and CD8 memory T (P = 0.001) cells significantly decreased, whereas regulatory T cells (P = 0.024) increased. Predomination of extracellular matrix remodeling pathways and immunosuppressive microenvironment in MF-LCT indicates pathophysiological differences between MF-LCT and pcALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Eun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang RH, Lin YK, Xie HK, Li H, Li M, He D. Exploring the synergistic pharmacological mechanism of Huoxiang Drink against irritable bowel syndrome by integrated data mining and network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35220. [PMID: 37773835 PMCID: PMC10545357 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Huoxiang Drink (HD), derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to effectively treat digestive disorders caused by external cold and internal dampness. However, the pharmaceutical targets and mechanisms for HD against IBS remain unclear. Data mining, bioinformatics analysis, and network pharmacology were employed to explore the potential pharmacological mechanisms of HD against IBS. In this study, we screened 50 core targets to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of HD against IBS. Enrichment analysis revealed that HD may participate in various signaling pathways, especially the inflammation-related tumor necrosis factor, signaling pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway. Molecular docking results confirmed that MOL000098 (Quercetin), MOL000006 (Luteolin), MOL005828 (Nobiletin), MOL005916 (Irisolidone), and MOL004328 (Naringenin), as key active ingredients in HD, bound to core targets (tumor protein P53, tumor necrosis factor, matrix metalloproteinases 9, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A) for topical treatment of IBS. This study suggested that HD offered a potential therapeutic strategy against IBS. Our findings may facilitate the efficient screening of active ingredients in HD and provide a theoretical basis for further validating the clinical therapeutic effects of HD on treating IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Hui Wang
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Ke Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Kai Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Harbin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Mu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Characterization of Active MMP9 in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Using a Novel Anti-MMP9 Antibody. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010009. [PMID: 36810514 PMCID: PMC9944116 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), a protease implicated in multiple diseases, is secreted as an inactive zymogen and requires proteolytic removal of the pro-domain for activation. The relative levels and functionality of the pro- and active-MMP9 isoforms in tissues are not characterized. We generated a specific antibody that distinguishes an active form of MMP9, F107-MMP9, from the inactive pro-MMP9 isoform. Using multiple in vitro assays and specimen types, we show that F107-MMP9 expression is localized and disease-specific compared with its more abundant parental pro-form. It is detected around sites of active tissue remodeling, including fistulae of inflammatory bowel and dermal fissures in hidradenitis suppurativa, and is expressed by myeloid cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. Together, our findings provide insights into the distribution and potential role of MMP9 in inflammatory diseases.
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Gao YL, Wu MJ, Liu JX, Zheng CH, Wang J. Robust Principal Component Analysis Based On Hypergraph Regularization for Sample Clustering and Co-Characteristic Gene Selection. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:2420-2430. [PMID: 33690124 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3065054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracting genes involved in cancer lesions from gene expression data is critical for cancer research and drug development. The method of feature selection has attracted much attention in the field of bioinformatics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used method for learning low-dimensional representation. Some variants of PCA have been proposed to improve the robustness and sparsity of the algorithm. However, the existing methods ignore the high-order relationships between data. In this paper, a new model named Robust Principal Component Analysis via Hypergraph Regularization (HRPCA) is proposed. In detail, HRPCA utilizes L2,1-norm to reduce the effect of outliers and make data sufficiently row-sparse. And the hypergraph regularization is introduced to consider the complex relationship among data. Important information hidden in the data are mined, and this method ensures the accuracy of the resulting data relationship information. Extensive experiments on multi-view biological data demonstrate that the feasible and effective of the proposed approach.
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Lymph but Not Blood Vessel Invasion Is Independent Prognostic in Lung Cancer Patients Treated by VATS-Lobectomy and Might Represent a Future Upstaging Factor for Early Stages. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081893. [PMID: 35454799 PMCID: PMC9031652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The patient’s outcome depends on tumor size, lymph node involvement and metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. The prognostic value of lymph and blood vessel invasion, however, is still insufficiently investigated. We retrospectively examined the invasion of lymph vessels and blood vessels separately as two possible prognostic factors in 160 patients who underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer at our institution between 2014 and 2019. Lymph vessel invasion was significantly associated with the UICC stage, lymph node involvement, tumor dedifferentiation, blood vessel invasion and recurrence. Blood vessel invasion tended to be negative prognostic, but missed the level of significance (p = 0.108). Lymph vessel invasion, on the other hand, proved to be a prognostic factor for both histological subtypes, adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001) as well as squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.018). After multivariate analysis apart from the UICC stage, only lymph vessel invasion remained independently prognostic (p = 0.018). Remarkably, we found analogue survival curve progressions of patients with stage I, with lymph vessel invasion, compared to stage II non-small-cell lung cancer. After further validation in prospective studies, lymph vessel invasion might be considered as an upstaging factor in resectable lung cancer. Especially in the early-stage of the disease, it might represent an additional risk factor to consider adjuvant therapy after surgical resection.
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Augoff K, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Tabola R, Stach K. MMP9: A Tough Target for Targeted Therapy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071847. [PMID: 35406619 PMCID: PMC8998077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Having the capability to proteolyze diverse structural and signaling proteins, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), one of the best-studied secretory endopeptidases, has been identified as a crucial mediator of processes closely associated with tumorigenesis, such as the extracellular matrix reorganization, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration, new blood vessel formation, and immune response. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on MMP9 and its role in cancer growth in the context of cell adhesion/migration, cancer-related inflammation, and tumor microenvironment formation. We also summarize recent achievements in the development of selective MMP9 inhibitors and the limitations of using them as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Surgical Education, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Renata Tabola
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamilla Stach
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Mathpal S, Sharma P, Joshi T, Pande V, Mahmud S, Jeong MK, Obaidullah AJ, Chandra S, Kim B. Identification of Zinc-Binding Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 to Prevent Cancer Through Deep Learning and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:857430. [PMID: 35463960 PMCID: PMC9024349 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.857430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is associated with tumor development and angiogenesis, and hence, it has been considered an attractive drug target for anticancer therapy. To assist in drug design endeavors for MMP-9 targets, an in silico study was presented to investigate whether our compounds inhibit MMP-9 by binding to the catalytic domain, similar to their inhibitor or not. For that, in the initial stage, a deep-learning algorithm was used for the predictive modeling of the CHEMBL321 dataset of MMP-9 inhibitors. Several regression models were built and evaluated based on R2, MAE MSE, RMSE, and Loss. The best model was utilized to screen the drug bank database containing 9,102 compounds to seek novel compounds as MMP-9 inhibitors. Then top high score compounds were selected for molecular docking based on the comparison between the score of the reference molecule. Furthermore, molecules having the highest docking scores were selected, and interaction mechanisms with respect to S1 pocket and catalytic zinc ion of these compounds were also discussed. Those compounds, involving binding to the catalytic zinc ion and the S1 pocket of MMP-9, were considered preferentially for molecular dynamics studies (100 ns) and an MM-PBSA (last 30 ns) analysis. Based on the results, we proposed several novel compounds as potential candidates for MMP-9 inhibition and investigated their binding properties with MMP-9. The findings suggested that these compounds may be useful in the design and development of MMP-9 inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mathpal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Uttarakhand, Bhimtal, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Botany, DSB, Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Tushar Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Uttarakhand, Bhimtal, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Uttarakhand, Bhimtal, India
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Genome Science, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mi-Kyung Jeong
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Computational Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, India
- *Correspondence: Subhash Chandra, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Bonglee Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Subhash Chandra, ; Bonglee Kim,
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Shah MA, Cunningham D, Metges JP, Van Cutsem E, Wainberg Z, Elboudwarej E, Lin KW, Turner S, Zavodovskaya M, Inzunza D, Liu J, Patterson SD, Zhou J, He J, Thai D, Bhargava P, Brachmann CB, Cantenacci DVT. Randomized, open-label, phase 2 study of andecaliximab plus nivolumab versus nivolumab alone in advanced gastric cancer identifies biomarkers associated with survival. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003580. [PMID: 34893523 PMCID: PMC8666898 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) selectively cleaves extracellular matrix proteins contributing to tumor growth and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This study evaluated andecaliximab (ADX), an inhibitor of MMP9, in combination with nivolumab (NIVO), for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Methods Phase 2, open-label, randomized multicenter study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamics of ADX+NIVO versus NIVO in patients with pretreated metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). We explored the correlation of efficacy outcomes with biomarkers. Results 144 patients were randomized; 141 were treated: 81% white, 69% male, median age was 61 years in the ADX+NIVO group and 62 years in the NIVO-alone group. The ORR was 10% (95% CI 4 to 19) in the ADX+NIVO group and 7% (95% CI 2 to 16) in the NIVO-alone group (OR: 1.5 (95% CI 0.4 to 6.1; p=0.8)). There was no response or survival benefit associated with adding ADX. AE rates were comparable in both treatment groups; the most common AEs were fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Programmed cell death ligand 1, interferon-γ (IFN), and intratumoral CD8+ cell density were not associated with treatment response or survival. The gene signature most correlated with shorter survival was the epithelial-to-mesenchymal gene signature; high transforming growth factor (TGF)-β fibrosis score was negatively associated with OS (p=0.036). Gene expression analysis of baseline tumors comparing long-(1+ years) and short-term (<1 year) survivors showed that GRB7 was associated with survival beyond 1 year. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive disease was associated with significantly longer survival (p=0.0077). Median tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 2.01; patients with TMB ≥median had longer survival (p=0.0025) and improved PFS (p=0.016). Based on a model accounting for TMB, TGF-β fibrosis, and HER2, TMB was the main driver of survival in this patient population. Conclusion Combination of ADX+NIVO had a favorable safety profile but did not improve efficacy compared with NIVO alone in patients with pretreated metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma. HER2 positivity, higher TMB or GRB7, and lower TGF-β were associated with improved outcomes. Trial registration number NCT02864381 or GS-US-296–-2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish A Shah
- Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA .,Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Cunningham
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton and London Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Division Head of Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zev Wainberg
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kai-Wen Lin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Scott Turner
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Jinfeng Liu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Jingzhu Zhou
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Jing He
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Dung Thai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel V T Cantenacci
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sradhanjali S, Rout P, Tripathy D, Kaliki S, Rath S, Modak R, Mittal R, Chowdary TK, Reddy MM. The Oncogene MYCN Modulates Glycolytic and Invasive Genes to Enhance Cell Viability and Migration in Human Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205248. [PMID: 34680394 PMCID: PMC8533785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is usually initiated by biallelic RB1 gene inactivation. In addition, MYCN copy number alterations also contribute to RB pathogenesis. However, MYCN expression, its role in disease progression and correlation with RB histological risk factors are not well understood. We studied the expression of MYCN in enucleated RB patient specimens by immunohistochemistry. MYCN is overexpressed in RB compared to control retina. Our microarray gene expression analysis followed by qRT-PCR validation revealed that genes involved in glucose metabolism and migration are significantly downregulated in MYCN knockdown cells. Further, targeting MYCN in RB cells using small molecule compounds or shRNAs led to decreased cell survival and migration, increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting that MYCN inhibition can be a potential therapeutic strategy. We also noted that MYCN inhibition results in reduction in glucose uptake, lactate production, ROS levels and gelatinolytic activity of active-MMP9, explaining a possible mechanism of MYCN in RB. Taking clues from our findings, we tested a combination treatment of RB cells with carboplatin and MYCN inhibitors to find enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to single drug treatment. Thus, MYCN inhibition can be a potential therapeutic strategy in combination with existing chemotherapy drugs to restrict tumor cell growth in RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatishree Sradhanjali
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (S.S.); (P.R.)
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
| | - Padmalochan Rout
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (S.S.); (P.R.)
- Novo Nordisk, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Devjyoti Tripathy
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (D.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India;
| | - Suryasnata Rath
- Ophthalmic Plastics, Orbit and Ocular Oncology Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (D.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Rahul Modak
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
| | - Ruchi Mittal
- Kanupriya Dalmia Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
- Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Tirumala Kumar Chowdary
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Mamatha M. Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; (S.S.); (P.R.)
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-674-3987175
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Cui S, Yang CL, Chen DY. LncRNA EWSAT1 Regulates the Tumorigenesis of NSCLC as a ceRNA by Modulating miR-330-5p/ITGA5 Axis. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:1441-1456. [PMID: 33928467 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate how lncRNA EWSAT1 regulates the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a ceRNA by modulating miR-330-5p/ITGA5 axis. qRT-PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression of EWSAT1 in NSCLC tissue. Then, A549 cells were selected and divided into Blank shScramble, shEWSAT1, miR-330-5p inhibitor, shEWSAT1 + miR-330-5p inhibitor, and siITGA5 and miR-330-5p inhibitor + siITGA5 groups. Besides, a series of in-vitro experiments were carried out to determine the changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in each group. In addition, xenograft models were also constructed on nude mice to detect the tumor volume and weight, and the expression of Ki67 and apoptosis in xenograft tumor were evaluated. In NSCLC tissue and cell, EWSAT1 was upregulated significantly, demonstrating a correlation with tumor diameter, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed targeting relationships among miR-330-5p, EWSAT1, and ITGA5. In comparison with the Blank group, the number of cell clones in the shEWSAT1 group and siITGA5 decreased, with declined invasion and migration but increased apoptotic rate. Meanwhile, ITGA5, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were downregulated with upregulated cleaved caspase-3. However, the changes above were totally reversed in the miR-330-5p inhibitor group, and miR-330-5p inhibitor transfection abolished the effect of shEWSAT1. In addition, subcutaneous xenotransplantation showed that the tumor growth in shEWSAT1 group retarded significantly, with downregulation of Ki67 and increase apoptotic rate. Silencing EWSAT1 could inhibit the expression of ITGA5 via upregulating miR-330-5p, thus, resulting in the inhibition of NSCLC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Cui
- Department of Thorax, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Lu Yang
- Department of Thorax, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yi Chen
- Department of Thorax, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
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Jafarian AH, Kooshki Forooshani M, Reisi H, Mohamadian Roshan N. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:326-333. [PMID: 32944046 PMCID: PMC7477682 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.95177.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) is one of the most important enzymes to breakdown extracellular matrix which plays a major role in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to determine tumor MMP-9 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and whether it is associated with histopathologic factors and has prognostic value to affect overall survival (OS). Methods: The specimens of 92 patients with NSCLC diagnosis were included. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry method. Using scores for the percentage of cells positively stained and the intensity of staining, MMP-9 expression total score was classified as low-score (scores of 0 to 2), moderate-score (scores of 3 to 5), or high-score (scores of 6 or 7). OS was defined as the time interval since the diagnosis of NSCLC to the status at the last follow-up (dead or alive). The follow up period was up to 70 months. Results: About 74% of undifferentiated specimens (grade III tumors) showed high scores for MMP-9 expression which was significantly higher than moderately differentiated tumors (25% had high scores for MMP-9 expression) and well differentiated ones which did not have high scores (P<0.001). A total of 74 patients (80.4%) died during the follow-up period. Of this, 36% had high scores for MMP-9 expression. In contrast, none of the patients who were alive at the last follow-up had high scores for MMP-9 expression (P<0.001). Median OS was significantly lower in high score group (6 months) compared to moderate score (9 months) and high score group (15 months) (P<0.001). Conclusion: MMP-9 expression may serve as a significant prognostic factor for mortality and overall survival in NSCLC. Undifferentiated tumors significantly express higher MMP-9 immunohistochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Jafarian
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Reisi
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nema Mohamadian Roshan
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Joseph C, Alsaleem M, Orah N, Narasimha PL, Miligy IM, Kurozumi S, Ellis IO, Mongan NP, Green AR, Rakha EA. Elevated MMP9 expression in breast cancer is a predictor of shorter patient survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 182:267-282. [PMID: 32445177 PMCID: PMC7297818 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MMP9 is a matricellular protein associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, that promotes tumour progression, and modulates the activity of cell adhesion molecules and cytokines. This study aims to assess the prognostic value of MMP9 and its association with cytoskeletal modulators in early-stage invasive breast cancer (BC). METHODS MMP9 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a well-characterised series of primary BC patients with long-term clinical follow-up. Association with clinicopathological factors, patient outcome and ECM remodelling BC-biomarkers were investigated. METABRIC dataset, BC-GenExMiner v4.0 and TCGA were used for the external validation of MMP9 expression. GSEA gene enrichment analyses were used to evaluate MMP9 associated pathways. RESULTS MMP9 immunopositivity was observed in the stroma and cytoplasm of BC cells. Elevated MMP9 protein levels were associated with high tumour grade, high Nottingham Prognostic Index, and hormonal receptor negativity. Elevated MMP9 protein expression correlated significantly with cytokeratin 17 (Ck17), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), proliferation (Ki67) biomarkers, cell surface adhesion receptor (CD44) and cell division control protein 42 (CDC42). Cytoplasmic MMP9 expression was an independent prognostic factor associated with shorter BC-specific survival. In the external validation cohorts, MMP9 expression was also associated with poor patients' outcome. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed a positive association between MMP9 and ECM remodelling biomarkers. GSEA analysis supports MMP9 association with ECM and cytoskeletal pathways. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the prognostic value of MMP9 in BC. Further functional studies to decipher the role of MMP9 and its association with cytoskeletal modulators in BC progression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Onizah Community College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nnamdi Orah
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pavan L Narasimha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Islam M Miligy
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, USA.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt. .,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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13
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Yang Q, Li K, Li X, Liu J. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Myeloma side population cells by Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2063-2076. [PMID: 32922167 PMCID: PMC7484674 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, which is still incurable and relapses inevitably, highlighting further understanding of the possible mechanisms. Side population (SP) cells are a group of enriched progenitor cells showing stem-like phenotypes with a distinct low-staining pattern with Hoechst 33342. Compared to main population (MP) cells, the underlying molecular characteristics of SP cells remain largely unclear. This bioinformatics analysis aimed to identify key genes and pathways in myeloma SP cells to provide novel biomarkers, predict MM prognosis and advance potential therapeutic targets. Methods: The gene expression profile GSE109651 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with P-value <0.05 and |log2 fold-change (FC)| > 2 were selected by the comparison of myeloma light-chain (LC) restricted SP (LC/SP) cells and MP CD138+ cells. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to identify the functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs and screen hub genes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to select the potential prognostic DEGs in training dataset (GSE2658). The prognostic value of the potential prognostic genes was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve and validated in another external dataset (MMRF-CoMMpass cohort from TCGA). Results: Altogether, 403 up-regulated and 393 down-regulated DEGs were identified. GO analysis showed that the up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in innate immune response, inflammatory response, plasma membrane and integral component of membrane, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in protoporphyrinogen IX and heme biosynthetic process, hemoglobin complex and erythrocyte differentiation. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the DEGs were significantly enriched in osteoclast differentiation, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The top 10 hub genes, identified by the plug-in cytoHubba of the Cytoscape software using maximal clique centrality (MCC) algorithm, were ITGAM, MMP9, ITGB2, FPR2, C3AR1, CXCL1, CYBB, LILRB2, HP and FCER1G. Modules and corresponding GO enrichment analysis indicated that myeloma LC/SP cells were significantly associated with immune system, immune response and cell cycle. The predictive value of the prognostic model including TFF3, EPDR1, MACROD1, ARHGEF12, AMMECR1, NFATC2, HES6, PLEK2 and SNCA was identified, and validated in another external dataset (MMRF-CoMMpass cohort from TCGA). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study provides reliable molecular biomarkers for screening, prognosis, as well as novel therapeutic targets for myeloma LC/SP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Kaihu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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14
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Tabrez S, Jabir NR, Khan MI, Khan MS, Shakil S, Siddiqui AN, Zaidi SK, Ahmed BA, Kamal MA. Association of autoimmunity and cancer: An emphasis on proteolytic enzymes. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:19-28. [PMID: 31100322 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and autoimmune diseases are the two devastating conditions that together constitute a leading health problem worldwide. The rising burden of these disorders in the developing world demands a multifaceted approach to address the challenges it poses. Understanding the root causes and specific molecular mechanisms by which the progression of the diseases takes place is need of the hour. A strong inflammatory background and common developmental pathways, such as activation of immune cells, proliferation, increased cell survival and migration which are controlled by growth factors and inflammatory cytokines have been considered as the critical culprits in the progression and complications of these disorders. Enzymes are the potential immune modulators which regulate various inflammatory events and can break the circulating immune complexes via macrophages production. In the current manuscript, we have uncovered the possible role of proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer and autoimmune diseases. In the light of the available scientific literature, we advocate in-depth comprehensive studies which will shed light towards the role of proteolytic enzymes in the modulation of inflammatory responses in cancer and autoimmune diseases together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Awasthi N, Mikels-Vigdal AJ, Stefanutti E, Schwarz MA, Monahan S, Smith V, Schwarz RE. Therapeutic efficacy of anti-MMP9 antibody in combination with nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy in pre-clinical models of pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3878-3887. [PMID: 30941918 PMCID: PMC6533474 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is involved in the proteolysis of extracellular proteins and plays a critical role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression, invasion and metastasis. The therapeutic potential of an anti‐MMP9 antibody (αMMP9) was evaluated in combination with nab‐paclitaxel (NPT)‐based standard cytotoxic therapy in pre‐clinical models of PDAC. Tumour progression and survival studies were performed in NOD/SCID mice. The mechanistic evaluation involved RNA‐Seq, Luminex, IHC and Immunoblot analyses of tumour samples. Median animal survival compared to controls was significantly increased after 2‐week therapy with NPT (59%), Gem (29%) and NPT+Gem (76%). Addition of αMMP9 antibody exhibited further extension in survival: NPT+αMMP9 (76%), Gem+αMMP9 (47%) and NPT+Gem+αMMP9 (94%). Six‐week maintenance therapy revealed that median animal survival was significantly increased after NPT+Gem (186%) and further improved by the addition of αMMP9 antibody (218%). Qualitative assessment of mice exhibited that αMMP9 therapy led to a reduction in jaundice, bloody ascites and metastatic burden. Anti‐MMP9 antibody increased the levels of tumour‐associated IL‐28 (1.5‐fold) and decreased stromal markers (collagen I, αSMA) and the EMT marker vimentin. Subcutaneous tumours revealed low but detectable levels of MMP9 in all therapy groups but no difference in MMP9 expression. Anti‐MMP9 antibody monotherapy resulted in more gene expression changes in the mouse stroma compared to the human tumour compartment. These findings suggest that anti‐MMP9 antibody can exert specific stroma‐directed effects that could be exploited in combination with currently used cytotoxics to improve clinical PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | | | | | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Sheena Monahan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | | | - Roderich E Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
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16
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Wang D, Hu Y. Long Non-coding RNA PVT1 Competitively Binds MicroRNA-424-5p to Regulate CARM1 in Radiosensitivity of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 16:130-140. [PMID: 30861415 PMCID: PMC6411630 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence revealed that dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in tumorigenesis and progression. This study is supposed to reveal the effects of lncRNA PVT1 on the radiosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via the microRNA (miR)-424-5p/lncRNA PVT1/CARM1 signaling pathway. Differentially expressed lncRNA was filtrated. The co-expressed gene of lncRNA was predicted, and gene ontology analysis was performed to find out the genes associated with NSCLC radiosensitivity. The miR that was combined with lncRNA and mRNA was filtrated. Two cell lines with the highest expressed PVT1 were selected, followed by transfection with a series of different mimic, inhibitor, or siRNA. RIP assay was employed for the interaction between PVT1 and CARM1. The regulatory effect of miR-424-5p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis was investigated. PVT1 was the most remarkable lncRNA that upregulated in NSCLC. CARM1 co-expressed with lncRNA PVT1 and associated with NSCLC radiosensitivity. Both lncRNA PVT1 and CARM1 can combine with miR-424-5p. Increased PVT1, CARM1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Bcl-2 and decreased miR-424-5p and Bax were found in NSCLC tissues. PVT1 was targeted by miR-424-5p. After silencing of PVT1 or overexpressed miR-424-5p, decreased PVT1, CARM1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Bcl-2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted miR-424-5p, Bax, and cell apoptosis. The present study confirms the radiosensitivity of NSCLC radiotherapy can be increased by siRNA-PVT1 and overexpressed miR-424-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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17
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MMP-9 inhibition promotes anti-tumor immunity through disruption of biochemical and physical barriers to T-cell trafficking to tumors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207255. [PMID: 30500835 PMCID: PMC6267998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), whose expression is frequently dysregulated in cancer, promotes tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including extracellular matrix remodeling and growth-factor and cytokine activation. We developed a monoclonal antibody against murine MMP-9, which we found decreased growth of established primary tumors in an orthotopic model of HER2-driven breast cancer (HC11-NeuT) in immunocompetent mice. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) profiling of NeuT tumors and additional mouse model tumors revealed that anti-MMP-9 treatment resulted in upregulation of immune signature pathways associated with cytotoxic T-cell response. As there is a need to boost the low response rates observed with anti-PDL1 antibody treatment in the clinical setting, we assessed the potential of anti-MMP-9 to improve T-cell response to immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PDL1 in NeuT tumors. Anti-MMP-9 and anti-PDL1 cotreatment reduced T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality and increased TCR diversity, as detected by TCR sequencing of NeuT tumors. Flow cytometry analyses of tumors showed that the combination treatment increased the frequency of CD3+ T cells, including memory/effector CD4 and CD8 T cells, but not regulatory T cells, among tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Moreover, in vitro enzymatic assays corroborated that MMP-9 cleaves key T-cell chemoattractant CXC receptor 3 ligands (CXC ligand [CXCL] 9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) and renders them inactive in T-cell migration assays. Consistent with our in vitro experiments, analysis of NeuT tumor protein lysates showed that anti-MMP-9 treatment increases expression of CXCL10 and other T cell–stimulating factors, such as interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-18. We show that inhibition of MMP-9, a key component of the tumor-promoting and immune-suppressive myeloid inflammatory milieu, increases T-helper cell 1 type cytokines, trafficking of effector/memory T cells into tumors, and intratumoral T-cell diversity.
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18
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Cancer Biomarker and MMP-9 Biosensors: Recent Advances. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103249. [PMID: 30262739 PMCID: PMC6211011 DOI: 10.3390/s18103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most widely investigated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-9 is a significant protease which plays vital roles in many biological processes. MMP-9 can cleave many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to regulate ECM remodeling. It can also cleave many plasma surface proteins to release them from the cell surface. MMP-9 has been widely found to relate to the pathology of cancers, including but not limited to invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Some recent research evaluated the value of MMP-9 as biomarkers to various specific cancers. Besides, recent research of MMP-9 biosensors discovered various novel MMP-9 biosensors to detect this enzyme. In this review, some recent advances in exploring MMP-9 as a biomarker in different cancers are summarized, and recent discoveries of novel MMP-9 biosensors are also presented.
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19
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Alaseem A, Alhazzani K, Dondapati P, Alobid S, Bishayee A, Rathinavelu A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: A challenging paradigm of cancer management. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 56:100-115. [PMID: 29155240 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of zinc-dependent endopeptidases implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Over the decades, MMPs have been studied for their role in cancer progression, migration, and metastasis. As a result, accumulated evidence of MMPs incriminating role has made them an attractive therapeutic target. Early generations of broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors exhibited potent inhibitory activities, which subsequently led to clinical trials. Unexpectedly, these trials failed to meet the desired goals, mainly due to the lack of efficacy, poor oral bioavailability, and toxicity. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of MMPs in cancer progression, current strategies in targeting MMPs for cancer treatment including prodrug design and tumor imaging, and therapeutic value of MMPs as biomarkers in breast, lung, and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alaseem
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priya Dondapati
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Saad Alobid
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Appu Rathinavelu
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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20
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Prognostic impact of serum and tissue MMP-9 in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18458-68. [PMID: 26918342 PMCID: PMC4951301 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) was one of the most important enzyme to breakdown extracellular matrix, aim to clarify the prognostic value of MMP-9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated the serum MMP-9 of NSCLC patients and performed a meta-analysis of the published literature. The expression and activity of serum MMP-9 were assessed by ELISA and gelatin zymography in 163 NSCLC patients. Moreover, 26 studies were included in meta-analysis by searching Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge. Our own data revealed high activity but not expression of MMP-9 significantly correlated with advanced T category and positive metastasis. In contrast, the meta-analysis revealed that increased MMP-9 level indicate high T category (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94), tumor stage (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63-0.82) and poor OS (5-year overall survival, RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19-1.48). Moreover, stratified analysis based on sample types found that high MMP-9 expression in tissue specimen but not serum was significant correlated with advanced T category (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.92), tumor stage (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60-0.80) and poor 5-year OS (1.33, 95% CI: 1.18-1.50).In conclusion, the activity of MMP-9 was positively correlated with advanced T category and distant metastasis. Moreover, the meta-analysis revealed that overexpression of MMP-9 in tissue but not in serum was a risk factor of advanced T category, tumor stage and poor outcome.
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Li J, Luo M, Wang Y, Shang B, Dong L. Celecoxib suppresses fibroblast growth factor-2 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1345-52. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Huang YK, Fan XG, Qiu F. TM4SF1 Promotes Proliferation, Invasion, and Metastasis in Human Liver Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050661. [PMID: 27153056 PMCID: PMC4881487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 1 (TM4SF1) is a member of tetraspanin family, which mediates signal transduction events regulating cell development, activation, growth and motility. Our previous studies showed that TM4SF1 is highly expressed in liver cancer. HepG2 cells were transfected with TM4SFl siRNA and TM4SF1-expressing plasmids and their biological functions were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. HepG2 cells overexpressing TM4SF1 showed reduced apoptosis and increased cell migration in vitro and enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of TM4SF1 had the opposite effect. TM4SF1 exerts its effect by regulating a few apoptosis- and migration-related genes including caspase-3, caspase-9, MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF. These results indicate that TM4SF1 is associated with liver tumor growth and progression, suggesting that TM4SF1 may be a potential target for treatment of liver cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Fu Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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23
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Pulmonary emphysema and tumor microenvironment in primary lung cancer. J Surg Res 2016; 200:690-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Malaponte G, Hafsi S, Polesel J, Castellano G, Spessotto P, Guarneri C, Canevari S, Signorelli SS, McCubrey JA, Libra M. Tumor microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Matrixmetalloproteinases activation is mediated by osteopontin overexpression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:483-489. [PMID: 26381542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative malignancies with variable patterns of behavior and responses to therapy. NHL development and invasion depend on multiple interactions between tumor cells and non-neoplastic cells. Such interactions are usually modulated by several cytokines. Accordingly, it was demonstrated that matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were activated in human lymphoid cell lines by interleukin-6 (IL-6). The activation of these enzymes is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in human cancers. MMPs are also activated in several cancers by osteopontin (OPN), a secreted glycoprotein that regulates cell adhesion, migration, and survival. However, it is still unclear if MMPs play a role in NHL development and if their activation is determined by OPN and/or IL-6. In the present study, two groups of 78 NHL patients and 95 healthy donors were recruited for the analysis of OPN, MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-6.Significant higher circulating levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, OPN and IL-6 were observed in NHL patients when compared to healthy donors. Similar data were obtained by analyzing the activity of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. The multivariate regression model indicates that, in both NHL cases and healthy donors, OPN is associated with the increase of MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels independently of IL-6. These data were first confirmed by “in silico” analyses and then by “in vitro” experiments conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells randomly selected from both NHL patients and healthy donors.Overall, our data suggest that the activation of MMPs in NHL development is mostly associated with OPN. However, IL-6 may play an important role in the lymphomagenesis through the activation of other molecular pathways. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Malaponte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General & Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sameh Hafsi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General & Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Castellano
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Claudio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Santo S Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General & Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Su CY, Liu YP, Yang CJ, Lin YF, Chiou J, Chi LH, Lee JJ, Wu ATH, Lu PJ, Huang MS, Hsiao M. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 Plays a Leading Prognostic Role among Protease Families in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133411. [PMID: 26230665 PMCID: PMC4521958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In lung cancer, uPA, its receptor (uPAR), and the inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 of the plasminogen activator family interact with MMP-2 and MMP-9 of the MMP family to promote cancer progression. However, it remains undetermined which of these markers plays the most important role and may be the most useful indicator to stratify the patients by risk. Methods We determined the individual prognostic value of these 6 markers by analyzing a derivation cohort with 98 non-small cell lung cancer patients by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between the IHC expression levels of these markers and disease prognosis was investigated, and an immunohistochemical panel for prognostic prediction was subsequently generated through prognostic model analysis. The value of the immunohistochemical panel was then verified by a validation cohort with 91 lung cancer patients. Results In derivation cohort, PAI-2 is the most powerful prognostic factor (HR = 2.30; P = 0.001), followed by MMP-9 (HR = 2.09; P = 0.019) according to multivariate analysis. When combining PAI-2 and MMP-9, the most unfavorable prognostic group (low PAI-2 and high MMP-9 IHC expression levels) showed a 6.40-fold increased risk of a poor prognosis compared to the most favorable prognostic group (high PAI-2 and low MMP-9 IHC expression levels). PAI-2 and MMP-9 IHC panel could more precisely identify high risk patients in both derivation and validation cohort. Conclusions We revealed PAI-2 as the most powerful prognostic marker among PA and MMP protease family even after considering their close relationships with each other. By utilizing a combination of PAI-2 and MMP-9, more precise prognostic information than merely using pathological stage alone can be obtained for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Chiou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsing Chi
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jong Lee
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alex T. H. Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MH); (MSH)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MH); (MSH)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical correlates and prognostic utility of MMP, VEGF and TIMP genes expression in bladder cancer (BCa) recurrence. METHODS Expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, VEGFA and TIMP1, TIMP3 was analyzed by qRT-PCR using SYBR Green in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of BCa patients at two time points (diagnosis (n=40), and first recurrence (n=40)) and an age-matched group of healthy controls (n=100). Plasma concentrations of MMP1 (pro- and active forms) were measured using ELISA in BCa patients. RESULTS The expression of MMP1 mRNA was significantly lower in BCa patients with first recurrence compared to control (p=0.019). Expression of other genes did not differ significantly between the groups. MMP9 gene expression was associated with differentiation grade (p=0.043), with the highest expression in poorly differentiated tumors (G3) and was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p=0.039) in BCa patients at diagnosis. The results at two time points showed that MMP9 and VEGFA genes expression was increased in patients with moderately differentiated BCa (p=0.029), and advanced pathologic stage (p=0.048), respectively. Moreover, gene expression of TIMP1 was increased for G3 (p=0.043), and was decreased for early recurrence (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the expression of MMP9 in PBLs of BCa patients at diagnosis is associated with the differentiation grade of the BCa, and smoking status. Genes expression of MMP9, VEGFA and TIMP1 in PBLs may play a pivotal role in regulation of progression of BCa. Additionally, TIMP1 gene expression may be important factor for early recurrence of BCa.
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27
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Marshall DC, Lyman SK, McCauley S, Kovalenko M, Spangler R, Liu C, Lee M, O’Sullivan C, Barry-Hamilton V, Ghermazien H, Mikels-Vigdal A, Garcia CA, Jorgensen B, Velayo AC, Wang R, Adamkewicz JI, Smith V. Selective Allosteric Inhibition of MMP9 Is Efficacious in Preclinical Models of Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127063. [PMID: 25961845 PMCID: PMC4427291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is elevated in a variety of inflammatory and oncology indications, including ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. MMP9 is a downstream effector and an upstream mediator of pathways involved in growth and inflammation, and has long been viewed as a promising therapeutic target. However, previous efforts to target matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP9, have utilized broad-spectrum or semi-selective inhibitors. While some of these drugs showed signs of efficacy in patients, all MMP-targeted inhibitors have been hampered by dose-limiting toxicity or insufficient clinical benefit, likely due to their lack of specificity. Here, we show that selective inhibition of MMP9 did not induce musculoskeletal syndrome (a characteristic toxicity of pan-MMP inhibitors) in a rat model, but did reduce disease severity in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis. We also found that MMP9 inhibition decreased tumor growth and metastases incidence in a surgical orthotopic xenograft model of colorectal carcinoma, and that inhibition of either tumor- or stroma-derived MMP9 was sufficient to reduce primary tumor growth. Collectively, these data suggest that selective MMP9 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of inflammatory and oncology indications in which MMP9 is upregulated and is associated with disease pathology, such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. In addition, we report the development of a potent and highly selective allosteric MMP9 inhibitor, the humanized monoclonal antibody GS-5745, which can be used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of MMP9 inhibition in patients.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced
- Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
- Colitis, Ulcerative/enzymology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Dextran Sulfate
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Epitope Mapping
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/administration & dosage
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Marshall
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Lyman
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Scott McCauley
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Kovalenko
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Rhyannon Spangler
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Chian Liu
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher O’Sullivan
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Vivian Barry-Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Haben Ghermazien
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda Mikels-Vigdal
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Garcia
- Department of Process Development, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Oceanside, California, United States of America
| | - Brett Jorgensen
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Arleene C. Velayo
- Department of Process Development, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Oceanside, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth Wang
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Joanne I. Adamkewicz
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria Smith
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, United States of America
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Lee CY, Shim HS, Lee S, Lee JG, Kim DJ, Chung KY. Prognostic effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with resected Non small cell lung cancer. J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 10:44. [PMID: 25888323 PMCID: PMC4379698 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-015-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of tumor matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of tumor MMP-9 expression and other clinicopathologic factors in patients with completely resected NSCLC. Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent complete resection of pathological stage I–IIIA NSCLC at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between 1998 and 2009. Tumor samples of 417 patients were stained by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of MMP-9 in tumor cells was evaluated, using the median immunohistochemical score of 10 (range, 0-300) as the cut-off. Results Tumor MMP-9 expression was observed in 161 (38.6%) of 417 patients. Log-rank analysis showed a significant association of tumor MMP-9 expression with shortened disease-free survival (p = 0.01) but not with overall survival (p = 0.109). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor MMP-9 expression was not an independent prognostic factor of recurrence (p = 0.142) or survival (p = 0.807). However, among patients with adenocarcinoma, tumor MMP-9 expression was associated with relapse (p = 0.003) and poor survival (p = 0.033). Furthermore, tumor MMP-9 expression was an independent prognostic indicator of relapse in patients with adenocarcinoma (p = 0.035). Conclusions Among patients with NSCLC, tumor MMP-9 expression was associated with poor outcomes in those with adenocarcinoma, but not in those with squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, MMP-9 expression was identified as an independent predictor of relapse of completely resected lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno Seodaemun-Gu, CPO box 8044, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seokkee Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Jin Gu Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno Seodaemun-Gu, CPO box 8044, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno Seodaemun-Gu, CPO box 8044, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Young Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno Seodaemun-Gu, CPO box 8044, Seoul, South Korea.
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Shao X, Ren H, Wang YL, Wang F, Hou G, Huang DN. Targeting antitumor effect of rhTNF-α fusion protein mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-2. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:810-8. [PMID: 25421954 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the tumor therapy, targeting effects and side effects of tumor-targeting rhTNF-α fusion protein mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 in an animal model in order to provide experimental data for future development of drugs. The median lethal dose (LD50) was obtained from acute toxicity experiments. The A549 lung cancer xenograft model was established, and then randomly divided into the saline, standard substance, and low-, middle- and high-dose fusion protein experiment groups. Each group was administered drugs for 18 days. The length and width of the xenografts were measured every three days, after which the xenograft growth curve was drawn. The mice were sacrificed in each group following treatment and the tumor volume and weight were measured. The targeting, effectiveness and toxicity of the transformed fusion protein, and pathological changes of tumor and organ tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Additionally, biochemical markers were used to detect damage of various organs after protein processing. Cell apoptosis and angiogenesis were determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) testing and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in different dose groups. Tumor growth was markedly retarded in the high-dose experimental and standard hTNF-α groups with antitumor rates of 85.91 and 72.25%, respectively, as compared with the control group. Furthermore, the tumor tissue showed obvious apoptosis (the apoptotic index was 78.78 and 66.65%, respectively) and pathological changes in the high-dose experimental and standard hTNF-α groups. Tumor angiogenesis in each fusion protein group was inhibited (P<0.01) and the biochemical markers of various organs were greatly reduced in the high-dose experimental group (P<0.05). This finding indicated that slight toxic effects of fusion proteins were evident for the heart, liver and kidney. The reforming fusion protein can therefore target tumor tissues and efficiently kill tumor cells, with few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ren
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Li Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Gan Hou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Di-Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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30
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Mollberg NM, Bennette C, Howell E, Backhus L, Devine B, Ferguson MK. Lymphovascular Invasion as a Prognostic Indicator in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97:965-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in cancer cells invasion and metastasis processes and have been investigated as potential cancer biomarkers. In this study MMP-9 gene expression and MMP-9 -1562 C/T polymorphism in breast and non-small cell lung cancer patients' blood and tumor samples and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters were investigated. MATERIAL/METHODS MMP-9 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction method in 108 cancer patients' blood and tumor samples. MMP-9 -1562 C/T polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction - based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS Significant relationship of MMP-9 gene expression and tumor differentiation grade was found only between groups with G1 and G3 breast tumors. Low survival rates were identified among positive MMP-9 expression in blood and ductal carcinoma of the breast (p=0.01) and negative progesterone receptor reaction (p=0.04). Significant differences in the distribution among genotypes were found between groups with stage I and stages III/IV (p=0.005) as well as between groups with lymph node status N0 and N1 (p<0.001). Breast cancer patients with tumor differentiation grade G3 and identified CC variant had a longer survival time (p=0.014). Shorter survival time was found among positive MMP-9 expression in tumor and stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients with negative lymph node (p=0.012) and squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Expression of MMP-9 in blood and tumor together indicates worse prognosis for breast cancer patients.
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32
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Huang Y, Xia X, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Tan Y, He S, Qiang F, Li A, Re OD, Li G, Zhou J. JWA suppresses tumor angiogenesis via Sp1-activated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its prognostic significance in human gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:442-51. [PMID: 24072772 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
JWA, a multifunctional microtubule-binding protein, plays an important role in regulating tumor metastasis via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Recent investigations suggest that MMP-2 is an angiogenesis-associated molecule. In this study, we provide novel evidence that JWA inhibits tumor angiogenesis in gastric cancer (GC). In two independent retrospective GC cohorts, we found that the expression of JWA was downregulated and that of MMP-2 was upregulated in GC tissues compared with the same in normal gastric mucosa. For patients treated with surgery alone, a strong and independent negative prognostic value was shown for low JWA and high MMP-2 expressions separately, which was even stronger when combined (hazard ratio = 7.75, P < 0.001, in the training cohort; hazard ratio = 2.31, P < 0.001, in the validation cohort). Moreover, we found that loss of JWA expression was strongly correlated with increased GC angiogenesis. In vitro, JWA inhibited MMP-2 at both messenger RNA and protein levels by modulating Sp1 activity. Knockdown of endogenous JWA resulted in enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation and MMP-2 expression. Furthermore, JWA was found to inhibit Sp1 activity via an ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent mechanism and to downregulate the expression of the proangiogenic MMP-2. Our findings imply that JWA and MMP-2 may serve as promising prognostic markers in resectable GC, with JWA as a useful biomarker of angiogenesis in GC and a potential therapeutic target by MMP-2 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education
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SCUBE3 regulation of early lung cancer angiogenesis and metastatic progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:741-52. [PMID: 23420440 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptide-CUB-EGF-like domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) is strongly expressed in extremely invasive lung carcinoma. We showed in our previous study that SCUBE3 triggers the transforming growth factor-β pathway and subsequently promotes tumor angiogenesis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of SCUBE3 in early tumor expansion hasn't been fully demonstrated in vivo. The present study used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to temporally assess tumor angiogenesis in SCUBE3-knockdown and control non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cancer cells in the early tumor stage (weeks 1-3). We further evaluated the metastatic potential of the SCUBE3-knockdown and control tumor cells using a circulating tumor cell (CTC) assay. The differences in gene expression profile between these cell lines were determined using microarray analysis. The results show that SCUBE3 knockdown was associated with lower vascular permeability in the tumor and effectively inhibited the metastatic potential of NSCLC, as evidenced by the decreased CTCs in the mice bearing SCUBE3-knockdown tumors. Microarray analysis revealed that several genes involved in angiogenesis and EMT were down-regulated in SCUBE3-knockdown tumors, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 9, and 14, (MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14, respectively), fibronectin (FN-1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 (HEY1), early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), and interleukin 8 (IL-8). Together these data suggest that SCUBE3 is a potential target for pharmacological intervention. The findings of the present study also show that differences in vascular permeability precede the CTCs detection, indicating that DCE-MRI may be a sensitive biomarker for assessing tumor invasiveness.
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Li GH, Cui YS, Wu QY, Zhang XJ, Gao YF. Clinicopathologic significance of β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:437. [PMID: 23292837 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate the association between their expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of NSCLC patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine β-catenin and MMP-2 protein expression in 39 resected NSCLC samples and 8 adjacent normal lung tissues. Statistical analysis with SPSS13.0 software was performed to investigate the association between β-catenin and MMP-2 expression and clinicopathologic features of the patients. Expression of cytosolic β-catenin in NSCLC tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.001). In addition, cytosolic protein expression of β-catenin in lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly elevated compared to that in lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.02). However, cell membrane protein expression of β-catenin in squamous cell carcinoma was lower than that in adenocarcinoma (P = 0.041). Cytosolic MMP-2 protein expression in NSCLC samples was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P = 0.002). MMP-2 expression in N (1-2) NSCLC patients was significantly increased relative to N (0) patients (P = 0.019). However, statistical analysis showed no correlation between β-catenin and MMP-2 expression in NSCLC samples. Collectively, our results show that cytosolic protein expression of β-catenin in NSCLC samples is increased relative to normal lung tissues. Also, expression of β-catenin is significantly elevated in squamous cell carcinoma compared to that in lung adenocarcinoma subtypes. Additionally, MMP-2 expression in N (1-2) NSCLC tissues is higher than that in N (0) lung tissue. There is no correlation between β-catenin and MMP-2 expression in NSCLC, and our study suggests that evaluation of β-catenin and MMP-2 expression may have potential in diagnosis and progression in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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pEGFP-N1-mediated BmK CT expression suppresses the migration of glioma. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:533-9. [PMID: 23242773 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas can diffuse into the normal brain and this invasion of glioma cells involves modification of receptor-mediated adhesive properties of tumor cells, degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix by tumor-secreted metalloproteinase (MMPs) such as MMP-2, consequently creating an intercellular space for invasion of glioma cells. BmK CT, one of the key toxins in scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch venom, is a novel blocker of the chloride ion channel and MMP-2. In this report, a recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-BmK CT was constructed and characterized by in vitro studies. The results showed that pEGFP-N1 mediated BmK CT expression displayed a high activity in suppressing cell migration via MMP-2. The potential therapeutic effect of pEGFP-N1 mediated BmK CT against rat glioma C6 cells was assessed and its potential mechanism was elucidated. It represented an approach for developing a novel therapeutic agent-recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-BmK CT as an efficient and powerful adjuvant.
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Wang J, Cai Y. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 polymorphisms and expression in lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1819-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1121-6. [PMID: 22465234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We performed a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. METHODS Electronic databases were used to identify published studies before December 1, 2011. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to estimate the strength of the association between MMP-9 expression survival of NSCLC patients. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. RESULTS The final analysis of 2029 NSCLC cases from 17 studies is presented. The combined HR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.62-2.09) suggested that MMP-9 over-expression had a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Subgroup analyses also detected significant association. Heterogeneity and publication bias was absent in current meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the summary statistics obtained should approximate the actual average. CONCLUSION High MMP-9 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC.
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Han J, Yong B, Luo C, Tan P, Peng T, Shen J. High serum alkaline phosphatase cooperating with MMP-9 predicts metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with primary osteosarcoma in Southern China. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:37. [PMID: 22333159 PMCID: PMC3305572 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor with high ability to form invasion and metastasis. Identifying prognostic factor in osteosarcoma is helpful to select those patients for more aggressive management. Our study evaluated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cooperating with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as an important prognostic predictor for local recurrence and distant metastasis of osteosarcoma. Methods 177 cases were included from the osteosarcoma patients treated at 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (1999-2008). Pre-chemotherapy serum ALP (pre-ALP) were studied and correlated with tumor recurrence, lung metastasis and patient survival. MMP-9 protein in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and correlated with pre-ALP level. Results Pre-ALP were partitioned into normal, high, and very high groups, in each group the incidence of metastases was 12.2%, 21.2% and 34.6%, respectively (p = 0.007). In the three groups the mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 57 ± 3.15, 28 ± 3.57 and 14 ± 3.35 months, respectively (p < 0.001); overall survival (OS) was 92 ± 26.89, 39 ± 8.61 and 17 ± 5.07 months, respectively (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, elevated serum pre-ALP were associated with shorter DFS (p = 0.018) and OS (p = 0.031). If elevated ALP levels decreased after clinical treatment, the incidence of lung metastasis rate decreased (p = 0.028); DFS and OS were both prolonged (p < 0.001). Pre-ALP was also positively correlated with MMP-9 expression (p = 0.015) in tumor tissue. Conclusions Pre-ALP was an independent prognostic factor for the survival of osteosarcoma patients in south China, and correlated with MMP-9 expression and lung metastasis. ALP can also serve as a prognostic marker for treatment, and merit large-scale validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Han
- 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Pathological Department, Guangzhou, P R China
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Wang J, Chen J, Chen X, Wang B, Li K, Bi J. Blood vessel invasion as a strong independent prognostic indicator in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28844. [PMID: 22194927 PMCID: PMC3237541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Blood vessel invasion plays a very important role in the progression and metastasis of cancer. However, blood vessel invasion as a prognostic factor for survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between blood vessel invasion and outcome in patients with NSCLC using meta-analysis. Methods A meta-analysis of published studies was conducted to investigate the effects of blood vessel invasion on both relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with NSCLC. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of this association. Results A total of 16,535 patients from 52 eligible studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In total, blood vessel invasion was detected in 29.8% (median; range from 6.2% to 77.0%) of patients with NSCLC. The univariate and multivariate estimates for RFS were 3.28 (95% CI: 2.14–5.05; P<0.0001) and 3.98 (95% CI: 2.24–7.06; P<0.0001), respectively. For the analyses of blood vessel invasion and OS, the pooled HR estimate was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.93–2.56; P<0.0001) by univariate analysis and 1.90 (95% CI: 1.65–2.19; P<0.0001) by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, in stage I NSCLC patients, the meta-risk for recurrence (HR = 6.93, 95% CI: 4.23–11.37, P<0.0001) and death (HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.68–2.75; P<0.0001) remained highly significant by multivariate analysis. Conclusions This study shows that blood vessel invasion appears to be an independent negative prognosticator in surgically managed NSCLC. However, adequately designed large prospective studies and investigations are warranted to confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, China.
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Fu Y, Zheng Y, Li K, Huang R, Zheng S, An N, Liang A. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 accelerate glioma cell migration via matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:441-6. [PMID: 22105553 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is somatically mutated predominantly in secondary glioblastoma multiforme. Glioma-specific mutations in IDH1 always produced a single amino acid substitution at R132, but mutations in IDH2 were exclusively at R172 which was the analogous site to R132 in IDH1. Mutations of IDH1 and IDH2 led to simultaneous loss and gain of activities in the production of α-ketoglutarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endoproteinases involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The exact role of IDH2 mutant on MMPs activity and cell migration has not been fully studied. Here, we show that in response to IDH2 mutations, low levels of α-ketoglutarate increased the stabilization of HIF-1α which can contribute to tumor growth. Moreover, mutant IDH2-induced HIF-1α improved the secretion levels of pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 as well as the conversion from pro-MMP-2 to its active form, giving C6 glioma cells a higher migration potential. The HIF-1α pathway is probably a critical pathway for release of MMPs in the glioma cancer harboring IDH mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
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