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Liu JJ, Pan ZD, Yue YL, Wang SS, Chen J, Jiang H, Zhang BH, Wu MY, Yuan YS, Bian YL, Yin HY, Wang L, Li JY, Gilly J, Xie YQ, Zhu JW. T cell-redirecting antibody for treatment of solid tumors via targeting mesothelin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01316-6. [PMID: 38858494 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell engaging bispecific antibodies (TCBs) have recently become significant in cancer treatment. In this study we developed MSLN490, a novel TCB designed to target mesothelin (MSLN), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein highly expressed in various cancers, and evaluated its efficacy against solid tumors. CDR walking and phage display techniques were used to improve affinity of the parental antibody M912, resulting in a pool of antibodies with different affinities to MSLN. From this pool, various bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) were assembled. Notably, MSLN490 with its IgG-[L]-scFv structure displayed remarkable anti-tumor activity against MSLN-expressing tumors (EC50: 0.16 pM in HT-29-hMSLN cells). Furthermore, MSLN490 remained effective even in the presence of non-membrane-anchored MSLN (soluble MSLN). Moreover, the anti-tumor activity of MSLN490 was enhanced when combined with either Atezolizumab or TAA × CD28 BsAbs. Notably, a synergistic effect was observed between MSLN490 and paclitaxel, as paclitaxel disrupted the immunosuppressive microenvironment within solid tumors, enhancing immune cells infiltration and improved anti-tumor efficacy. Overall, MSLN490 exhibits robust anti-tumor activity, resilience to soluble MSLN interference, and enhanced anti-tumor effects when combined with other therapies, offering a promising future for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. This study provides a strong foundation for further exploration of MSLN490's clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhi-di Pan
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ya-Li Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - Jie Chen
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
- Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Bao-Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan-Lin Bian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun-Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - John Gilly
- Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yue-Qing Xie
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Institute, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
- Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300450, China.
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Kitadai R, Nishikawa T, Yoshida H, Mizoguchi C, Yamamoto K, Kato T, Yonemori K. Mesothelin expression in gynecologic carcinosarcoma: clinicopathological significance and correlation with HER2 expression. J Gynecol Oncol 2024; 35:e11. [PMID: 37914528 PMCID: PMC10948979 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate mesothelin (MSLN) expression and determine its clinical significance and correlation with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in gynecological carcinosarcoma. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients with uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) and ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) who underwent surgery between 1997 and 2019. Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens for MSLN (clone SP74) and HER2 (clone 4A5) was also performed. MSLN was scored using the H-score and 4-tired scoring system (0-3+). MSLN positivity was defined as any positive cell at any intensity, while high MSLN expression was defined as an intensity of ≥2+ in ≥30% of tumor cells. HER2 expression was scored according to modified 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria. RESULTS A total of 128 patients were recruited, including 119 with UCS and 9 with OCS. All cases in UCS exhibited MSLN positivity, and 33.9% showed high-MSLN expression. Clinicopathological characteristics were not significantly associated with high or low-MSLN expression. However, the high-MSLN group showed more prolonged overall survival (OS) than the low-MSLN group (not assessed vs. 36.8 months; hazard ratio=0.48, 95% confidence interval=0.26-0.89, p=0.016). HER2-high patients had higher MSLN expression than HER2-negative patients. In high-MSLN and low-MSLN expression groups, HER2 status did not affect OS. OCS showed 100% MSLN positivity, with 66.6% high-MSLN. CONCLUSION MSLN expression is widely observed in gynecological carcinosarcomas. Moreover, high-MSLN expression is a favorable prognostic factor for UCS. MSLN could be a promising therapeutic target for UCS, even in the era of anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kitadai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Mizoguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hagerty BL, Takabe K. Biology of Mesothelin and Clinical Implications: A Review of Existing Literature. World J Oncol 2023; 14:340-349. [PMID: 37869242 PMCID: PMC10588497 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1992, mesothelin (MSLN) has generated significant interest as a therapeutic target. A number of characteristics make it ideal for this purpose. First, it is not expressed on the parenchyma of any vital organs. Second, it is differentially expressed on a number of cancer types that have relatively poor prognosis and lack effective systemic options. Third, it is expressed on the cell membrane making it accessible to large molecule targeted therapies. However, unlike other drug targets that have been exploited for therapeutic benefit, the precise function of MSLN, why it is expressed in certain cancers, and its biological role have not been clearly elucidated. Here the existing literature on the cellular function and expression patterns of MSLN across tumor types is reviewed in order to gain further understanding of this intriguing molecule. In doing so, we conclude that there remains significant ambiguity surrounding its function and role in cellular and tumor biology. Furthermore, the expression of MSLN and its relation of prognosis seems to depend on the type of tumor. Finally, the unified mechanism by which MSLN acts as a protein that conveys tumor aggressiveness remains elusive. What is clear is that there is much yet to be discovered in this realm and doing so may have large implications for treatment of otherwise lethal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L Hagerty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Targeting Mesothelin in Solid Tumours: Anti-mesothelin Antibody and Drug Conjugates. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:309-323. [PMID: 36763234 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarise the pathobiological role of mesothelin and the current data on therapeutic antibodies targeting mesothelin in solid tumours. RECENT FINDINGS High mesothelin expression is restricted to the pericardium, pleura, peritoneum and tunica vaginalis. Mesothelin does not seem to have any normal biological function in adult normal tissues. Mesothelin is highly expressed in mesothelioma, serous ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and some gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the lung and is responsible for tumour proliferation, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy or radiation and evasion of immune system. To date, antibody, antibody drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies with immune checkpoints have been investigated in mesothelin expressing malignancies. After a couple of decades of clinical investigation in antibody targeting mesothelin, the therapeutic benefit is relatively modest. Novel delivery of mesothelin targeting agents, more potent payload in antibody drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitor, may improve therapeutic benefit.
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Polymorphisms of an oncogenic gene, mesothelin, predict the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer in a Chinese Han population. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2097-2111. [PMID: 35396937 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface protein associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aims to explore the biological function of MSLN in gastric cancer and to evaluate the association of MSLN polymorphism (rs3764247, rs3764246, rs12597489, rs1057147, rs3765319) with the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and MSLN overexpression were performed in human gastric cancer cell lines, respectively. The proliferation of tumor cells was evaluated by Cell counting kit 8(CCK-8) and colony formation assay. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to elucidate gastric cancer cell migration and invasion rates. We conducted a case-control study involving 860 patients with gastric cancer and 870 controls. All mutation sites were genotyped by PCR-LDR sequencing. First, our study revealed the cancer-promoting role of MSLN in gastric cancer. Second, we also demonstrated that rs3764247 and rs3764246 were associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer (OR = 0.83, p = 0.010; OR = 0.84, p = 0.011; respectively). The clinicopathological analysis further showed that rs3764247 was closely related to T stage, vascular infiltration, and HER2 expression. In addition, in the survival analysis of 392 patients with gastric cancer, patients with rs3764247 CC genotype had poorer survival than patients with AA + AC genotype after adjusting for age, sex, TNM stage, and Lauren classification (HR = 2.07, p = 0.029). Our findings indicated that MSLN could be an oncogene whose polymorphisms were closely related to the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Sotoudeh M, Mansouri V, Shakeri R, Sharififard B, Sajadi N, Naderi M. Interpatient variability in mesothelin expression necessitates its evaluation before gastric cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:531-538. [PMID: 35321580 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Mesothelin (MSLN) was applied for the immunotherapy of ovarian cancer and mesothelioma with a minimum expression of 60% to obtain a clinical response. Here, the authors evaluated MSLN expression as a potential target of gastric adenocarcinoma immunotherapy. Materials & methods: The expression of MSLN was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and was reported in primary tumor (PT) and metastatic tumor (MT) sites. Results: The results showed that only 17.1% and 13.5% of the patients had 60% or more MSLN expression in PT and MT sites, respectively. The expression of MSLN in PTs and MTs was not influenced by Lauren classification, neoadjuvant therapy or tumor stage. Conclusions: Interpatient variability in MSLN expression necessitates its evaluation before MSLN-based gastric cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Shakeri
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sharififard
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Sajadi
- Ali-Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li J, Bulin Baila, Xu TX, Song J, Su Rina, Wu J, Wang T. Effects of hsa-mir-145-5p on the Regulation of msln Expression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:5587084. [PMID: 35340746 PMCID: PMC8941573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5587084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers in the world, and its incidence is increasing all over the world including China. In recent years, research data show that some miRNAs are differentially expressed in cancer tissues, and their expression is closely contributed with the prognosis of CRC. Microarray technology was used, and 179 miRNAs were screened out with significantly altered expression in CRC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. The expression of mir-145-5p in tumor tissues was 3.48 times lower than that in normal tissues. Using bioinformatics technology and network resource prediction, we found that mir-145-5p had a potential target gene relationship with msln gene. Then, qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression level of mir-145-5p and msln mRNA in CRC and paracancerous tissues. The results showed that msln mRNA was higher than in normal tissues, while mir-145-5p was lower, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.01, n = 3). Furthermore, the expression of msln protein in CRC and normal colorectal tissues was detected by protein mass spectrometry (MRM) (n = 3) and immunohistochemistry in a total case of 30 colorectal cancer tissues and normal tissues. Result showed that the positive expression of msln in CRC was higher than that in normal colorectal tissues, 1.38e-6 and 1.89e-6, respectively (P < 0.01, n = 3). Furthermore, in 48 h RTCA real-time monitoring experiment, mir-145-5p showed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of colo320 cells stimulated by msln. This study demonstrated that msln is a target gene of mir-145-5p in CRC. Besides, mir-145-5p negatively regulates the proliferation of CRC colo320 cells through downregulating msln gene expression in CRC colo320 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- PLA Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Bulin Baila
- Pharmacy Laboratory, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, No. 83 Daxuedong Road, Hohhot 010065, China
| | - Tian Xiang Xu
- Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No. 20 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Jiang Song
- Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No. 20 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Su Rina
- Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No. 20 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Ji Wu
- PLA Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Tegexibaiyin Wang
- Pharmacy Laboratory, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, No. 83 Daxuedong Road, Hohhot 010065, China
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Exploiting mesothelin in thymic carcinoma as a drug delivery target for anetumab ravtansine. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:754-763. [PMID: 34876673 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) are rare tumours comprised of thymomas and thymic carcinoma. Novel therapies are needed, especially in thymic carcinoma where the 5-year survival rate hovers at 30%. Mesothelin (MSLN), a surface glycoprotein that is cleaved to produce mature MSLN (mMSLN) and megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF), is expressed in limited tissues. However, its expression is present in various cancers, including thymic carcinoma, where it is expressed in 79% of cases. METHODS We utilised flow cytometry, in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and an in vivo xenograft model in order to demonstrate the ability of the MSLN targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) anetumab ravtansine (ARav) in inhibiting the growth of thymic carcinoma. RESULTS Thymoma and thymic carcinoma cell lines express MSLN, and anetumab, the antibody moiety of ARav, was capable of binding MSLN expressing thymic carcinoma cells and internalising. ARav was effective at inhibiting the growth of thymic carcinoma cells stably transfected with mMSLN in vitro. In vivo, 15 mg/kg ARav inhibited T1889 xenograft tumour growth, while combining 7.5 mg/kg ARav with 4 mg/kg cisplatin yielded an additive effect on inhibiting tumour growth. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that anetumab ravtansine inhibits the growth of MSLN positive thymic carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Lü JM, Liang Z, Liu D, Zhan B, Yao Q, Chen C. Two Antibody-Guided Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid-Polyethylenimine (LGA-PEI) Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:841. [PMID: 34577541 PMCID: PMC8470087 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a new polymer, lactic-co-glycolic acid-polyethylenimine (LGA-PEI), as an improved nanoparticle (NP) delivery for therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs). Here, we further developed two antibody (Ab)-conjugated LGA-PEI NP technologies for active-targeting delivery of TNAs. LGA-PEI was covalently conjugated with a single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) against mesothelin (MSLN), a biomarker for pancreatic cancer (PC), or a special Ab fragment crystallizable region-binding peptide (FcBP), which binds to any full Ab (IgG). TNAs used in the current study included tumor suppressor microRNA mimics (miR-198 and miR-520h) and non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) fragments; green fluorescence protein gene (GFP plasmid DNA) was also used as an example of plasmid DNA. MSLN scFv-LGA-PEI NPs with TNAs significantly improved their binding and internalization in PC cells with high expression of MSLN in vitro and in vivo. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal Ab (Cetuximab) binding to FcBP-LGA-PEI showed active-targeting delivery of TNAs to EGFR-expressing PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Z.L.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Z.L.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Z.L.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Z.L.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-M.L.); (Z.L.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
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Kakimoto S, Miyamoto M, Einama T, Takihata Y, Matsuura H, Iwahashi H, Ishibashi H, Sakamoto T, Hada T, Suminokura J, Ito T, Suzuki R, Suzuki A, Takano M. Significance of mesothelin and CA125 expression in endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:28. [PMID: 33832498 PMCID: PMC8034188 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between clinicopathologic factors, mesothelin, and cancer antigen (CA) 125 in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Between 1989 and 2017, patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at our hospital were identified. The association between either or both immunochemical expression of mesothelin and CA125 and clinicopathological features were retrospectively examined. Results Among 485 patients, 171 were positive for mesothelin, 368 were positive for CA125, and 167 were positive for mesothelin and CA125. The expression of mesothelin and CA125 was positively correlated (p < 0.01). More patients with mesothelin expression showed myometrial invasion of more than 50% (p = 0.028) and positive lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.027). Similarly, more patients with co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 had myometrial invasion of more than 50% (p = 0.016) and positive lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.02). Patients with mesothelin expression and co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 demonstrated worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In the multivariate analysis, mesothelin expression and co-expression were poor prognostic factors for PFS (mesothelin expression: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.14, p < 0.01; co-expression: HR = 2.19, p < 0.01) and OS (mesothelin expression: HR = 2.18, p < 0.01; co-expression: HR = 2.22, p < 0.01). Conclusions Mesothelin expression and co-expression might be associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Persons with mesothelin-expressing endometrial cancers present a particularly high medical unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kakimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Morikazu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Einama
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takihata
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsuura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Taira Hada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Jin Suminokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Rie Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.,Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Mesothelin Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 12,679 Tumors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040397. [PMID: 33917081 PMCID: PMC8067734 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) represents an attractive molecule for targeted cancer therapies. To identify tumors that might benefit from such therapies, tissue microarrays including 15,050 tumors from 122 different tumor types and 76 healthy organs were analyzed for MSLN expression by immunohistochemistry. Sixty-six (54%) tumor types showed at least occasional weak staining, including 50 (41%) tumor types with at least one strongly positive sample. Highest prevalence of MSLN positivity had ovarian carcinomas (serous 97%, clear cell 83%, endometrioid 77%, mucinous 71%, carcinosarcoma 65%), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ductal 75%, ampullary 81%), endometrial carcinomas (clear cell 71%, serous 57%, carcinosarcoma 50%, endometrioid 45%), malignant mesothelioma (69%), and adenocarcinoma of the lung (55%). MSLN was rare in cancers of the breast (7% of 1138), kidney (7% of 807), thyroid gland (1% of 638), soft tissues (0.3% of 931), and prostate (0 of 481). High expression was linked to advanced pathological tumor (pT) stage (p < 0.0001) and metastasis (p < 0.0001) in 1619 colorectal adenocarcinomas, but unrelated to parameters of malignancy in 1072 breast-, 386 ovarian-, 174 lung-, 757 kidney-, 171 endometrial-, 373 gastric-, and 925 bladder carcinomas. In summary, numerous important cancer types with high-level MSLN expression might benefit from future anti-MSLN therapies, but MSLN’s prognostic relevance appears to be limited.
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A Novel 89Zr-labeled DDS Device Utilizing Human IgG Variant (scFv): "Lactosome" Nanoparticle-Based Theranostics for PET Imaging and Targeted Therapy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020158. [PMID: 33670777 PMCID: PMC7923095 DOI: 10.3390/life11020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
“Theranostics,” a new concept of medical advances featuring a fusion of therapeutic and diagnostic systems, provides promising prospects in personalized medicine, especially cancer. The theranostics system comprises a novel 89Zr-labeled drug delivery system (DDS), derived from the novel biodegradable polymeric micelle, “Lactosome” nanoparticles conjugated with specific shortened IgG variant, and aims to successfully deliver therapeutically effective molecules, such as the apoptosis-inducing small interfering RNA (siRNA) intracellularly while offering simultaneous tumor visualization via PET imaging. A 27 kDa-human single chain variable fragment (scFv) of IgG to establish clinically applicable PET imaging and theranostics in cancer medicine was fabricated to target mesothelin (MSLN), a 40 kDa-differentiation-related cell surface glycoprotein antigen, which is frequently and highly expressed by malignant tumors. This system coupled with the cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified and photosensitizer (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TPP))-loaded Lactosome particles for photochemical internalized (PCI) driven intracellular siRNA delivery and the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising nano-theranostic-based cancer therapy via its targeted apoptosis-inducing feature. This review focuses on the combined advances in nanotechnology and material sciences utilizing the “89Zr-labeled CPP and TPP-loaded Lactosome particles” and future directions based on important milestones and recent developments in this platform.
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Vizcaya D, Farahmand B, Walter AO, Kneip C, Jöhrens K, Tukiainen M, Schmitz AA. Prognosis of patients with malignant mesothelioma by expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and mesothelin in a contemporary cohort in Finland. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100260. [PMID: 33310366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe mesothelin (MSLN) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumour overexpression amongst patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM), and their associations with survival, amongst a cohort of patients with MM in Finland. METHODS Between 2004 and 2017, 91 adults with histologically confirmed MM were identified from the Auria Biobank in Finland and followed-up using linked data from electronic health records and national statistics. Biomarker content in tumour cell membranes was determined using automated Immunohistochemistry on histological sections. Stained tumour sections were scored for MSLN and PD-L1 intensity. Adjusted associations between MSLN/PD-L1 co-expression and mortality were evaluated by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression. RESULTS Biomarker overexpression occurred in 52 patients for MSLN and 34 patients for PD-L1 and was associated with tumour histology and certain comorbidities. Fifteen per cent of patients had a tumour that overexpressed both biomarkers; r =-0.244, p-value: 0.02. Compared with MSLN+/PD-L1+ patients, HRs (95% CIs) for death were 4.18 (1.71-10.23) for MSLN-/PD-L1+ patients, 3.03 (1.35-6.77) for MSLN-/PD-L1- patients, and 2.13 (0.97-4.67) for MSLN+/PD-L1- patients. CONCLUSIONS Both MSLN and PD-L1 markers were independent prognostic indicators in patients with MM. Overexpression of MSLN was associated with longer survival; yet their combined expression gave a better indication of survival. The risk of death was four times higher amongst MSLN-/PD-L1+ patients than in MSLN+/PD-L1+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Provitro AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikko Tukiainen
- Auria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Klampatsa A, Dimou V, Albelda SM. Mesothelin-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:473-486. [PMID: 33176519 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1843628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor differentiation antigen normally restricted to the body's mesothelial surfaces, but significantly overexpressed in a broad range of solid tumors. For this reason, MSLN has emerged as an important target for the development of novel immunotherapies. This review focuses on anti-MSLN chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy approaches.Areas covered: A brief overview of MSLN as a therapeutic target and existing anti-MSLN antibody-based drugs and vaccines is provided. A detailed account of anti-MSLN CAR-T cell approaches utilized in preclinical models is presented. Finally, a comprehensive summary of currently ongoing and completed anti-MSLN CAR-T cell clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: Initial trials using anti-MSLN CAR-T cells have been safe, but efficacy has been limited. Employing regional routes of delivery, introducing novel modifications leading to enhanced tumor infiltration and persistence, and improved safety profiles and combining anti-MSLN CAR-T cells with standard therapies, could render them more efficacious in the treatment of solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Vivian Dimou
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Abou-El-Naga AM, Abo El-Khair SM, Mahmoud AZ, Hamza M, Elshazli RM. Association of genetic variants in the 3'-untranslated region of the mesothelin (MSLN) gene with ovarian carcinoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22637. [PMID: 32997381 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Limited information has been offered regarding the association of mesothelin (MSLN) gene variants at the 3'-untranslated region with the risk of ovarian carcinoma. The primary objective of this work is to assess the impact of the MSLN (rs1057147 and rs57272256) variants on the progression of ovarian carcinoma among Egyptian women. The study was conceived based on 127 women diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma and 106 unrelated cancer-free controls. Genomic DNA of these MSLN variants was genotyped utilizing the PCR technique. The frequencies of the MSLN (rs1057147) variant revealed a significant association with increased risk of ovarian carcinoma under allelic and dominant models (P < .05). Nonetheless, ovarian cancer patients with the MSLN (rs57272256) variant did not attain considerable significance under all genetic models (P > .05). Together, our findings suggested that the MSLN (rs1057147) variant was associated with an increased risk of ovarian carcinoma, but not the MSLN (rs57272256) variant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salwa M Abo El-Khair
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Z Mahmoud
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamza
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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Lazzerini L, Jöhrens K, Sehouli J, Cichon G. Favorable therapeutic response after anti-Mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate treatment requires high expression of Mesothelin in tumor cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:1255-1262. [PMID: 32815024 PMCID: PMC7524828 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cell surface glycoprotein Mesothelin is overexpressed in ovarian, fallopian tube, endometrial, cervical and primary peritoneal cancer and, therefore, might become a particular interesting tumor target in gynecologic oncology. However, even in malignant tumors of the same entity the level of Mesothelin expression varies between individuals, hence it can be expected that the response to Mesothelin-targeting therapies will be variable as well. In this study we explored the therapeutic potency of a novel anti-Mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate (Anetumab ravtansine) as a function of Mesothelin expression in the targeted tumor cells. METHODS Anti-tumor activity studies were performed in human uterine xenograft tumor models that express Mesothelin at high, moderate or low levels. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was applied in varying doses ranging from 2 to 15 mg/kg at variable intervals in tumor bearing SCID/beige mice and the impact on tumor growth was monitored. RESULTS The therapeutic response to the anti-Mesothelin ADC correlated closely with the level of Mesothelin expression in tumor cells. Within the applied dose levels complete tumor regression was achieved only in tumors which expressed Mesothelin at particularly high levels (Hela cell tumors). The application of high anti-Mesothelin ADC doses less frequently was more efficious than giving lower doses at a higher frequency. CONCLUSION The studies confirm the great therapeutic potential of Anetumab ravtansine. However, a favorable treatment outcome requires strong Mesothelin expression in tumor cells. Future clinical trials may benefit from a more rigorous selection of appropriate patients based on the level of Mesothelin expression in their tumor tissue. If, in addition, it is possible to better control side effects by introducing protective measures and by doing so to increase the maximum tolerated dose, Anetumab ravtansine has the potency to become a valuable therapeutic tool, especially in the field of gynecological oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Lazzerini
- Department of Gynecology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Schubertstrasse 15, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Cichon
- Department of Gynecology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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Shiraishi T, Shinto E, Nearchou IP, Tsuda H, Kajiwara Y, Einama T, Caie PD, Kishi Y, Ueno H. Prognostic significance of mesothelin expression in colorectal cancer disclosed by area-specific four-point tissue microarrays. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:409-420. [PMID: 32107600 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface glycoprotein present in many cancer types. Its expression is generally associated with an unfavorable prognosis. This study examined the prognostic significance of MSLN expression in different areas of individual colorectal cancers (CRCs) using tissue microarrays (TMAs) by enrolling 314 patients with stage II (T3-T4, N0, M0) CRCs. Using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from patients, TMA blocks were constructed. Tissue core specimens were obtained from submucosal invasive front (Fr-sm), subserosal invasive front (Fr-ss), central area (Ce), and rolled edge (Ro) of each tumor. Using these four-point TMA sets, MSLN expression was immunohistochemically surveyed. The area-specific prognostic significance of MSLN expression was evaluated. A deep learning convolutional neural network algorithm was used for imaging analysis and evaluating our judgment's objectivity. MSLN staining ratio was positively correlated between the manual and machine-learning analyses (r = 0.71). The correlation coefficient between Ro and Ce, Ro and Fr-sm, and Ro and Fr-ss was r = 0.63, r = 0.54, and r = 0.61, respectively. Disease-specific survival curves for the MSLN-positive and MSLN-negative groups in Fr-sm, Fr-ss, and Ro were significantly different (five-year survival rates 88.1% and 95.5% (P = 0.024), 85.0 and 96.2% (P = 0.0087), 87.8 and 95.5% (P = 0.051), and 77.9 and 95.8% (P = 0.046) for Fr-sm, Fr-ss, Ce, and Ro, respectively). The analysis performed using area-specific four-point TMAs clearly demonstrated that MSLN expression in stage II CRC was relatively homogeneous within tumors. Additionally, high MSLN expression showed or tended to show unfavorable prognostic significance regardless of the tumor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Shiraishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
| | - Ines P Nearchou
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Takahiro Einama
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Peter D Caie
- Quantitative and Digital Pathology, School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
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18
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Regzedmaa O, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Gong H, Yuan Y, Li W, Liu H, Chen J. Prevalence of DLL3, CTLA-4 and MSTN Expression in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10043-10055. [PMID: 31819500 PMCID: PMC6877464 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune-based and antibody-drug conjugate therapies have shown promise in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, better predictive biomarkers are needed for selection of the appropriate SCLC patients for these advanced therapies and also for evaluation of the efficacy of these treatments. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the expression of delta-like protein 3 (DLL3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and mesothelin (MSTN) in patients with SCLC and compare them with those patients’ clinical characteristics. Methods Immunohistochemical analyses of DLL3, CTLA-4 and MSTN expression were performed in 38 samples from patients with SCLC. Results We found that positive expression in patients of the biomarkers was as follows: for DLL3, 100% (38/38), for CTLA-4, 89.5% (36/38) and for MSTN 81.5% (31/38). The median survival time was 17.9 months in the DLL3 high expression group and 23 months in the DLL3 low expression group. Patients with a high expression of DLL3 showed a poorer prognosis than those with a low expression of DLL3 (HR=3.4; 95% CI, 1.34–8.6; p=0.01). Conclusion The expression of DLL3, CTLA-4 and MSTN was not correlated with patients’ age, sex, smoking status, stage, and tumor metastasis. The fact that there was a higher expression of DLL3, CTLA-4, and MSTN in SCLC suggested that these molecules could be used as predictive biomarkers for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orgilmaa Regzedmaa
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiting Li
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China
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Shin SJ, Park S, Kim MH, Nam CM, Kim H, Choi YY, Jung MK, Choi HJ, Rha SY, Chung HC. Mesothelin Expression Is a Predictive Factor for Peritoneal Recurrence in Curatively Resected Stage III Gastric Cancer. Oncologist 2019; 24:e1108-e1114. [PMID: 31015316 PMCID: PMC6853112 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesothelin is overexpressed in many solid tumors, and recent studies have shown that mesothelin expression is associated with poor outcomes in several malignant tumors and may play a role in cancer progression. Clinical trials of mesothelin-targeted immunotherapies are currently under way, but the correlation between mesothelin expression and gastric cancer prognosis is still unclear. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Mesothelin expression in tumor cells was evaluated immunohistochemically in 958 patients with advanced gastric cancer and interpreted according to the intensity and extent of staining. Samples were scored from 0 to 2, with high expression defined as a score of 2. Clinicopathological factors, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and sites of initial recurrence, including peritoneal recurrence, were evaluated. Staging was performed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition. RESULTS High mesothelin expression was observed in 49.7% of patients and significantly associated with high pathologic T (p = .021) and peritoneal recurrence (p = .018). Multivariate survival analysis showed that high mesothelin expression was independently associated with poor RFS (p = .001), OS (p = .001), and peritoneal recurrence (p = .002) in addition to stage, lymphovascular invasion, and Lauren classification. In a subgroup analysis of peritoneal recurrence, high mesothelin expression was also an independent prognostic factor in stage III (p = .013) and diffuse/mixed type gastric cancer (p = .010). CONCLUSION High mesothelin expression is correlated with poor outcomes. In addition, mesothelin expression, Lauren classification, and stage are meaningful predictive factors for peritoneal recurrence. Moreover, mesothelin was a significant predictor of a high risk of peritoneal recurrence in patients with stage III gastric cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study demonstrates that high mesothelin expression correlates with poor outcomes and is a significant predictor of peritoneal recurrence in patients with stage III gastric cancer. This study provides instrumental evidence for designing anti-mesothelin antibody-drug conjugate clinical trials in patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer to reduce their high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejung Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yakushiji H, Kobayashi K, Takenaka F, Kishi Y, Shinohara M, Akehi M, Sasaki T, Ohno E, Matsuura E. Novel single-chain variant of antibody against mesothelin established by phage library. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2722-2733. [PMID: 31461572 PMCID: PMC6726835 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) shows increased expression in various cancer cells. For clinical application of antibodies as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging reagent, a human shortened antibody is essential both for avoiding redundant immune responses and for providing rapid imaging. Therefore, we cloned a single‐chain fragment of variable regions (scFv) from a human‐derived gene sequence. This was achieved through the construction of a naïve phage library derived from human tonsil lymphocytes. Using a column with human recombinant MSLN, we carried out bio‐panning of phage‐variants by colony formation. We first obtained 120 clones that were subjected to selection in an ELISA using human recombinant MSLN as a solid phase antigen, and 15 phage clones of scFv with a different sequence were selected and investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). Then, six variants were selected and the individual scFv gene was synthesized in the VL and VH domains and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mammalian cell‐derived human‐origin scFv clones were analyzed by FCM again, and one MSLN highly specific scFv clone was established. PET imaging by 89Zr‐labeled scFv was done in mice bearing xenografts with MSLN‐expressing cancer cells, and tumor legions were successfully visualized. The scFv variant established in the present study may be potentially useful for cancer diagnosis by PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yakushiji
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Medical Life Science Faculty of Medical Bioscience Kyushu, University of Health and Welfare, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takenaka
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kishi
- Department of Research and Development, Ina Institute, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Co., Ltd, Ina, Japan
| | - Midori Shinohara
- Department of Research and Development, Ina Institute, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Co., Ltd, Ina, Japan
| | - Masaru Akehi
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eiji Ohno
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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21
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Kim H, Chung Y, Paik SS, Jang K, Shin SJ. Mesothelin expression and its prognostic role according to microsatellite instability status in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16207. [PMID: 31261569 PMCID: PMC6616341 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-surface glycoprotein, mesothelin, is normally present on mesothelial cells. Overexpression of mesothelin has been reported in many tumors and is correlated with poor outcome. We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of mesothelin expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma with microsatellites instability (MSI) status.Mesothelin expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in tissue microarray blocks from 390 colorectal adenocarcinoma samples. Mesothelin expression was interpreted according to the intensity and extent. A score of 2 was considered high expression. We analyzed the correlation between mesothelin expression and clinicopathologic characteristics.High mesothelin expression was observed in 177 (45.4%) out of 390 colorectal adenocarcinoma samples and was significantly associated with high histologic grade (P = .037), lymphatic invasion (P = .028), lymph node metastasis (P = .028), and high AJCC stage (P = .026). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed no significant difference between patients with high mesothelin expression and patients with low mesothelin expression in both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (P = .609 and P = .167, respectively). In subgroup survival analyses, high mesothelin expression was associated with poor RFS in the MSI-High group of colorectal adenocarcinoma (P = .004).High mesothelin expression was significantly associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor patient outcome in MSI-High colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Shen Q, Polom K, Williams C, de Oliveira FMS, Guergova-Kuras M, Lisacek F, Karlsson NG, Roviello F, Kamali-Moghaddam M. A targeted proteomics approach reveals a serum protein signature as diagnostic biomarker for resectable gastric cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:322-333. [PMID: 31151932 PMCID: PMC6606959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death. Early detection is a key factor to reduce its mortality. METHODS We retrospectively collected pre- and postoperative serum samples as well as tumour tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 100 GC patients. Serum samples from non-cancerous patients were served as controls (n = 50). A high-throughput protein detection technology, multiplex proximity extension assays (PEA), was applied to measure levels of over 300 proteins. Alteration of each protein was analysed by univariate analysis. Elastic-net logistic regression was performed to select serum proteins into the diagnostic model. FINDINGS We identified 19 serum proteins (CEACAM5, CA9, MSLN, CCL20, SCF, TGF-alpha, MMP-1, MMP-10, IGF-1, CDCP1, PPIA, DDAH-1, HMOX-1, FLI1, IL-7, ZBTB-17, APBB1IP, KAZALD-1, and ADAMTS-15) that together distinguish GC cases from controls with a diagnostic sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 100%, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0·99 (95% CI: 0·98-1). Moreover, the 19-serum protein signature provided an increased diagnostic capacity in patients at TNM I-II stage (sensitivity 89%, specificity 100%, AUC 0·99) and in patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI) (91%, 98%, and 0·99) compared to individual proteins. These promising results will inspire a large-scale independent cohort study to be pursued for validating the proposed protein signature. INTERPRETATION Based on targeted proteomics and elastic-net logistic regression, we identified a 19-serum protein signature which could contribute to clinical GC diagnosis, especially for patients at early stage and those with high MSI. FUND: This study was supported by a European H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks grant (316,929, GastricGlycoExplorer). Funder had no influence on trial design, data evaluation, and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Karol Polom
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Italy; Department of Surgical Oncology, Gdansk Medical University, Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | | | | | - Frederique Lisacek
- Proteome Informatics Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland; Computer Science Department and Section of Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Shiraishi T, Shinto E, Mochizuki S, Tsuda H, Kajiwara Y, Okamoto K, Einama T, Hase K, Ueno H. Mesothelin expression has prognostic value in stage ΙΙ/ΙΙΙ colorectal cancer. Virchows Arch 2019; 474:297-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-02514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jöhrens K, Lazzerini L, Barinoff J, Sehouli J, Cichon G. Mesothelin as a target for cervical cancer therapy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 299:211-216. [PMID: 30324544 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cell surface glycoprotein Mesothelin is overexpressed in several tumor entities and novel immune-based therapies are currently under the early clinical evaluation for the treatment of malignant pleura mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Cervical cancer has not been recognized as a suitable target for Mesothelin-directed immune therapies so far. METHODS To exploit a possible role of Mesothelin in cervical cancer treatment, we analysed Mesothelin expression in 79 cervical carcinomas and aligned expressions patterns with tumor growth parameters. A novel anti-Mesothelin drug conjugate (Anetumab Ravtansine) was applied for dose-efficiency studies in a Mesothelin positive tumor model for cervical cancer in Scid mice. RESULTS In more than three-quarters (77%) of cervical adenocarcinomas, Mesothelin was expressed to high levels. Among squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri expression levels were lower and expression patterns were less intense, but still ranged between 50-60% (57%). A significant correlation between Mesothelin expression levels and tumor grade, metastatic behaviour, and lymph- or hemangiosis was not found. The novel anti-Mesothelin-drug conjugate (Anetumab Ravtansine) showed a substantial dose-dependent therapeutic efficiency in a xenotransplant model for cervical cancer in SCID mice (hela cell tumors). Applying the ADC at a dose of 10 mg/kg twice weekly induced complete tumor regression in 88% of animals within 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Mesothelin should be taken into account as a target in cervical cancer therapy and histological determination of Mesothelin expression should be considered in routine diagnostics of cervical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korinna Jöhrens
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Lazzerini
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Barinoff
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guenter Cichon
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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Okła K, Surówka J, Frąszczak K, Czerwonka A, Kaławaj K, Wawruszak A, Kotarski J, Wertel I. Assessment of the clinicopathological relevance of mesothelin level in plasma, peritoneal fluid, and tumor tissue of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318804937. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318804937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This is due to lack of effective screening, diagnosis predominance in late stage of disease, a high recurrence rate after primary therapy, and poor treatment response in platinum-resistant tumor. Thus, unique biomarkers, predictive of individual disease course, and prognosis are urgently needed. The aim of our study was to assess the clinicopathological significance of plasma, peritoneal fluid, and tumor tissue levels of mesothelin in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Plasma and peritoneal fluid levels of mesothelin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue expression of MSLN was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Preoperative plasma mesothelin levels were significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer patients in comparison to the patients with benign tumor and controls. There have been noticed significant differences in the plasma mesothelin levels based on International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, grade, and histology type. No significant changes were observed between Kurman and Shih type I versus type II epithelial ovarian cancer. Interestingly, peritoneal fluid mesothelin levels revealed significant differences based on both grade and Kurman and Shih–type epithelial ovarian cancer. There were no relevant changes in the mesothelin level in peritoneal fluid between different stages and histology types compared to benign tumor. MSLN expression level in tumor tissue was significantly higher based on stage, grade, and Kurman and Shih–type epithelial ovarian cancer than in the benign masses. In addition, data showed significant higher MSLN expression in endometrioid tumors compared to benign masses and serous tumors. Plasma, peritoneal fluid, and tumor tissue levels of mesothelin positively correlated with level of CA125. Low mesothelin concentrations in plasma were also associated with prolonged patient survival. More importantly, we revealed that plasma mesothelin level was correlated with both peritoneal fluid mesothelin level and tumor MSLN expression. This study highlights that plasma mesothelin level may be a useful noninvasive biomarker surrogate for local tumor mesothelin status in monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Okła
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Surówka
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Frąszczak
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaławaj
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Wang YM, Gu ML, Meng FS, Jiao WR, Zhou XX, Yao HP, Ji F. Histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP inhibitor C646 blocks the survival and invasion pathways of gastric cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1860-1868. [PMID: 29075795 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferases (HATs) adenovirus E1A-associated protein (p300) and CREB binding protein (CBP) serve as coactivators during a diverse assortment of cellular processes. In the present study, p300 and CBP were highly expressed in 5 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines (SGC‑7901, MKN45, MGC-803, BGC-823 and KATO III) compared with human normal gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). C646, a selective inhibitor of p300 and CBP, inhibited cell viability and cell cycle and promoted cell apoptosis in all 5 GC cell lines. In addition, C646 suppressed the migration and invasion capability of the GC cell lines, except for the middle-differentiated SGC-7901 cell line. Furthermore, we detected the differential expression of corresponding oncogenic signalling molecules, such as c-Met, Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin D1, MMP7 and MMP9, in GC cells following C646 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that C646 inhibits the acetylation of histone H3 via inactivation of p300 and CBP, resulting in antineoplastic effects toward GC cells. Thus, the selective HAT inhibitor C646 could be a promising antitumour reagent for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Sheng Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Rui Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Li M, Liu ZS, Liu XL, Hui Q, Lu SY, Qu LL, Li YS, Zhou Y, Ren HL, Hu P. Clinical targeting recombinant immunotoxins for cancer therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3645-3665. [PMID: 28790855 PMCID: PMC5530862 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s134584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are proteins that contain a toxin fused to an antibody or small molecules and are constructed by the genetic engineering technique. RITs can bind to and be internalized by cells and kill cancerous or non-cancerous cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. A wide variety of RITs have been tested against different cancers in cell culture, xenograft models, and human patients during the past several decades. RITs have shown activity in therapy of several kinds of cancers, but different levels of side effects, mainly related to vascular leak syndrome, were also observed in the treated patients. High immunogenicity of RITs limited their long-term or repeat applications in clinical cases. Recent advances in the design of immunotoxins, such as humanization of antibody fragment, PEGylation, and modification of human B- and T-cell epitopes, are overcoming the above mentioned problems, which predict the use of these immunotoxins as a potential therapeutic method to treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Zeng-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Xi-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Qi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Lin-Lin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Hong-Lin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
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Zheng X, Fan L, Zhou P, Ma H, Huang S, Yu D, Zhao L, Yang S, Liu J, Huang A, Cai C, Dai X, Zhang T. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli in Gastric Cancer. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:431-441. [PMID: 28448959 PMCID: PMC5406582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Gastric cancer studies indicated a potential correlation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood and tumor relapse/metastasis. The prevalence and significance of circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) in gastric cancer remain unknown. We investigated the prevalence and prognostic value of CTCs and CTM for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer patients. METHODS:Eighty-one gastric cancer patients consented to provide 5 ml of peripheral blood before systematic therapy. CTCs and CTM were isolated using isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells and characterized by cytopathologists. For 41 stage IV gastric cancer patients, CTM was investigated as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis. RESULTS:CTCs were detected in 51 patients; the average count was 1.81. In clinical stage I, II, III, and IV patients, the average CTC counts were 1.40, 0.67, 1.24, and 2.71, respectively. CTM were detected in 3 of 33 clinical stage I to IIIb patients, at an average of 0.12 (0-2). CTM were detected in 13 of 53 clinical stage IIIc to IV patients, at an average of 1.26 (0-22). In stage IV patients, CTM positivity correlated with the CA125 level. PFS and OS in CTM-positive patients were significantly lower than in CTM-negative patients (P < .001). CTM positivity was an independent factor for determining the PFS (P = .016) and OS (P = .003) of stage IV patients in multivariate analysis. Using markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, single CTCs were divided into three phenotypes including epithelial CTCs, biphenotypic epithelial/mesenchymal CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs. For CTM, CK−/Vimentin+/CD45− and CK+/Vimentin+/CD45− phenotypes were observed, but the CK+/Vimentin−/CD45− CTM phenotype was not. CA125 was detected in gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and MGC803. CONCLUSIONS: In stage IV patients, CTM positivity was correlated with serum CA125 level. CTM were an independent predictor of shorter PFS and OS in stage IV patients. Thus, CTM detection may be a useful tool to predict prognosis in stage IV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Zheng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Fan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., biolake, No.666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shaoyi Huang
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., biolake, No.666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ai Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Congli Cai
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., biolake, No.666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Xie LY, Piao HL, Fan M, Zhang Z, Wang C, Bigner DD, Bao XH. Immunotoxin Therapy for Lung Cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:607-612. [PMID: 28229994 PMCID: PMC5339936 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Lan Piao
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Darell D Bigner
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xu-Hui Bao
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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30
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Han SH, Joo M, Kim H, Chang S. Mesothelin Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Its Relation to Clinical Outcomes. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:122-128. [PMID: 28196410 PMCID: PMC5357757 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.11.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although surgical resection with chemotherapy is considered effective for patients with advanced gastric cancer, it remains the third leading cause of cancer-related death in South Korea. Several studies have reported that mesothelial markers including mesothelin, calretinin, and Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) were positive in variable carcinomas, associated with prognosis, and were evaluated as potential markers for targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of mesothelial markers (mesothelin, calretinin, and WT1) in gastric adenocarcinoma and their relations to clinocopathological features and prognosis. Methods We evaluated calretinin, WT1, and mesothelin expression by immunohistochemical staining in 117 gastric adenocarcinomas. Results Mesothelin was positively stained in 30 cases (25.6%). Mesothelin expression was related to increased depth of invasion (p = .002), lymph node metastasis (p = .013), and presence of lymphovascular (p = .015) and perineural invasion (p = .004). Patients with mesothelin expression had significantly worse disease-free survival rate compared with that of nonmesothelin expression group (p = .024). Univariate analysis showed that mesothelin expression is related to short-term survival. None of the 117 gastric adenocarcinomas stained for calretinin or WT1. Conclusions Mesothelin expression was associated with poor prognosis. Our results suggest that mesothelin-targeted therapy should be considered as an important therapeutic alternative for gastric adenocarcinoma patients with mesothelin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Mee Joo
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hanseong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sunhee Chang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Mesothelin Expression in Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer Represents a Novel Target for Immunotherapy. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:246-52. [PMID: 26894650 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of new therapeutic targets is of profound importance if we are to improve outcomes in gastroesophageal cancer. This study assessed the rate of mesothelin expression in tumors of western patients with upper gastrointestinal tract carcinomas. In addition, the AGS gastric cancer cell line was tested for sensitivity to SS1(dsFv)PE38, a mesothelin-targeting immunotoxin. Previously constructed tissue microarrays containing samples from 127 patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mesothelin expression. Labeling for HER2-neu, E-cadherin, and c-met were also assessed. Tumors were considered positive for mesothelin if at least moderate cytoplasmic/membranous or luminal staining was present in minimum 10% of the neoplastic cells. The AGS gastric cancer cell line was assessed for surface mesothelin expression by flow cytometry and the viability of cells treated with SS1P was measured. Gastroesophageal cancers were mesothelin positive in 64 of 127 tumors [50.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 41.4%-59.4%], whereas only 9 carcinomas (7.1%; 95% CI, 3.3%-13.0%) were HER2-neu IHC 3+ positive and 8 (6.6%; 95% CI, 2.9%-12.5%) were c-met positive. Mesothelin expression increased from stage I to stage IV tumors (37.5% to 56.3%, respectively, P=0.10). The AGS gastric cancer cell line was sensitive to the immunotoxin with an EC50 value in the low picomolar range (0.4 ng/mL). A gastric cancer cell line derived from a western patient was exquisitely sensitive to the mesothelin-targeted immunotoxin SS1P. Clinical trials involving novel mesothelin targeted immunotherapeutics in gastroesophageal cancer are currently in development.
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Hassan R, Thomas A, Alewine C, Le DT, Jaffee EM, Pastan I. Mesothelin Immunotherapy for Cancer: Ready for Prime Time? J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:4171-4179. [PMID: 27863199 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.68.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin is a tumor antigen that is highly expressed in many human cancers, including malignant mesothelioma and pancreatic, ovarian, and lung adenocarcinomas. It is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy because its normal expression is limited to mesothelial cells, which are dispensable. Several antibody-based therapeutic agents as well as vaccine and T-cell therapies directed at mesothelin are undergoing clinical evaluation. These include antimesothelin immunotoxins (SS1P, RG7787/LMB-100), chimeric antimesothelin antibody (amatuximab), mesothelin-directed antibody drug conjugates (anetumab ravtansine, DMOT4039A, BMS-986148), live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin (CRS-207, JNJ-64041757), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Two antimesothelin agents are currently in multicenter clinical registration trials for malignant mesothelioma: amatuximab in the first-line setting and anetumab ravtansine as second-line therapy. Phase II randomized clinical trials of CRS-207 as a boosting agent and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition for pancreatic cancer are nearing completion. These ongoing studies will define the utility of mesothelin immunotherapy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffit Hassan
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anish Thomas
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine Alewine
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dung T Le
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ira Pastan
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Lin CC, Fang CL, Sun DP, Hseu YC, Uen YH, Lin KY, Lin YC. High expression of mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone TIMM9 represents a negative prognostic marker in gastric cancer. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:476-483. [PMID: 27720672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular process underlying this disease and its progression. This study investigated correlations between the expression of a mitochondrial inner membrane protein translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 9 homolog (TIMM9) and various clinicopathologic parameters as well as patients' survival. METHODS Gastric tissue samples were obtained from 140 patients with GC and expression levels of TIMM9 were analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Paired t tests were used to analyze the differences in the expression levels of TIMM9 in both tumor and nontumor tissues for each patient. Two-tailed χ2 tests were performed to determine whether the differences in TIMM9 expression and clinicopathologic parameters were significant. Time-to-event endpoints for clinicopathologic parameters were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and statistical significance was determined using univariate log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis to determine the independence of prognostic effects of TIMM9 expression. RESULTS A borderline association was found between overexpression of TIMM9 and vascular invasion (p = 0.0887). Patients with high expression levels of TIMM9 achieved a significantly lower disease-free survival rate compared with those with low expression levels (p = 0.005). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that overexpression of TIMM9 was an independent prognostic marker for GC (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Overexpression of TIMM9 can be used as a marker to predict the outcome of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Sun
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Huei Uen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; The Superintendent's Office, Chi Mei Hospital Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Einama T, Kawamata F, Kamachi H, Nishihara H, Homma S, Matsuzawa F, Mizukami T, Konishi Y, Tahara M, Kamiyama T, Hino O, Taketomi A, Todo S. Clinical impacts of mesothelin expression in gastrointestinal carcinomas. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2016; 7:218-222. [PMID: 27190694 PMCID: PMC4867401 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin, C-ERC/mesothelin is a 40-kDa cell surface glycoprotein that is normally present on normal mesothelial cells lining the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium. Moreover, mesothelin has been shown to be overexpressed in several human cancers, including virtually all mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer, approximately 70% of ovarian cancer and extra bile duct cancer, and 50% of lung adenocarcinomas and gastric cancer. The full-length human mesothelin gene encodes the primary product, a 71-kDa precursor protein. The 71-kDa mesothelin precursor is cleaved into two products, 40-kDa C-terminal fragment that remains membrane-bound via glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and a 31-kDa N-terminal fragment, megakaryocyte potentiating factor, which is secreted into the blood. The biological functions of mesothelin remain largely unknown. However, results of recent studies have suggested that the mesothelin may play a role of cell proliferation and migration. In pancreatic cancer, mesothelin expression was immunohistochemically observed in all cases, but absent in normal pancreas and in chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, the expression of mesothelin was correlated with an poorer patient outcome in several human cancers. The limited mesothelin expression in normal tissues and high expression in many cancers makes it an attractive candidate for cancer therapy. The present review discusses the expression and function of mesothelin in cancer cells and the utility of mesothelin as a target of cancer therapy.
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Liu H, Wu L, Ji K, Wang W. Prognostic value of several biomarkers for the patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7375-84. [PMID: 26361957 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor of the pleura closely related to asbestos exposure. Rare as it is, the incidence of MPM is predicted to increase mainly as a result of a lengthy latency period from the initial asbestos exposure, making it a public health concern for the next decades. Moreover, the patients with MPM have an extremely poor prognosis due to its high resistance to conventional oncologic treatments and delayed diagnosis. Although the result of current therapeutic modalities based on patient features and clinical stages is very frustrating, great advances have been shown in the knowledge of molecular biology of MPM in recent years. This is accompanied by dozens of putative prognostic biomarkers that are actively involved in tumor biological activities. These prognostic candidates can offer us a new insight into the biological characteristics of MPM, contributing to development of individualized therapeutic strategies directed against oncogenesis and tumor progression. Thus, personalized approaches based on the molecular biology of the patient's tissue or body fluid will potentially improve the present disappointing outcome, bringing new hope for patients with MPM. This article reviews the principal and several novel biomarkers that can have an influence on prognosis, in the hope that they can provide us with a more profound understanding of the biology of this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China.
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A novel PET imaging using ⁶⁴Cu-labeled monoclonal antibody against mesothelin commonly expressed on cancer cells. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:268172. [PMID: 25883990 PMCID: PMC4390102 DOI: 10.1155/2015/268172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a 40-kDa cell differentiation-associated glycoprotein appearing with carcinogenesis and is highly expressed in many human cancers, including the majority of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, ovarian cancers, and mesotheliomas, while its expression in normal tissue is limited to mesothelial cells lining the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum. Clone 11-25 is a murine hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human MSLN. In this study, we applied the 11-25 mAb to in vivo imaging to detect MSLN-expressing tumors. In in vitro and ex vivo immunochemical studies, we demonstrated specificity of 11-25 mAb to membranous MSLN expressed on several pancreatic cancer cells. We showed the accumulation of Alexa Fluor 750-labeled 11-25 mAb in MSLN-expressing tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. Then, 11-25 mAb was labeled with 64Cu via a chelating agent DOTA and was used in both in vitro cell binding assay and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the tumor-bearing mice. We confirmed that 64Cu-labeled 11-25 mAb highly accumulated in MSLN-expressing tumors as compared to MSLN-negative ones. The 64Cu-labeled 11-25 mAb is potentially useful as a PET probe capable of being used for wide range of tumors, rather than 18F-FDG that occasionally provides nonspecific accumulation into the inflammatory lesions.
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Prognostic value of mesothelin expression in patients with triple negative and HER2-positive breast cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:190-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Alewine C, Hassan R, Pastan I. Advances in anticancer immunotoxin therapy. Oncologist 2015; 20:176-85. [PMID: 25561510 PMCID: PMC4319635 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins are a novel class of antibody-conjugated therapeutics currently in clinical development for a variety of malignancies. They consist of an antibody-based targeting domain fused to a bacterial toxin payload for cell killing. Immunotoxins kill cells by inhibiting protein synthesis, a unique mechanism of action that is toxic to both dividing and nondividing cells. Recent advances in the design and administration of immunotoxins are overcoming historical challenges in the field, leading to renewed interest in these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Alewine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Tozbikian G, Brogi E, Kadota K, Catalano J, Akram M, Patil S, Ho AY, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B, Norton L, Adusumilli PS, Wen HY. Mesothelin expression in triple negative breast carcinomas correlates significantly with basal-like phenotype, distant metastases and decreased survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114900. [PMID: 25506917 PMCID: PMC4266616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin is a cell surface associated antigen expressed on mesothelial cells and in some malignant neoplasms. Mesothelin-targeted therapies are in phase I/II clinical trials. The clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of mesothelin expression in triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) has not been fully assessed. We evaluated the expression of mesothelin and of basal markers in tissue microarrays of 226 TNBC and 88 non-TNBC and assessed the clinicopathologic features of mesothelin-expressing breast carcinomas. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of mesothelin expression on the disease-free and overall survival of patients with TNBC. We found that mesothelin expression is significantly more frequent in TNBC than in non-TNBC (36% vs 16%, respectively; p = 0.0006), and is significantly correlated with immunoreactivity for basal keratins, but not for EGFR. Mesothelin-positive and mesothelin-negative TNBC were not significantly different by patients’ race, tumor size, histologic grade, tumor subtype, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases. Patients with mesothelin-positive TNBC were older than patients with mesothelin-negative TNBC, developed more distant metastases with a shorter interval, and had significantly lower overall and disease-free survival. Based on our results, patients with mesothelin-positive TNBC could benefit from mesothelin-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tozbikian
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Catalano
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Muzaffar Akram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sujata Patil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alice Y. Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jorge S. Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Prasad S. Adusumilli
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hannah Yong Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alewine C, Xiang L, Yamori T, Niederfellner G, Bosslet K, Pastan I. Efficacy of RG7787, a next-generation mesothelin-targeted immunotoxin, against triple-negative breast and gastric cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2653-61. [PMID: 25239937 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The RG7787 mesothelin-targeted recombinant immunotoxin (RIT) consists of an antibody fragment targeting mesothelin (MSLN) fused to a 24-kD fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A for cell killing. Compared with prior RITs, RG7787 has improved properties for clinical development including decreased nonspecific toxicity and immunogenicity and resistance to degradation by lysosomal proteases. MSLN is a cell surface glycoprotein highly expressed by many solid tumor malignancies. New reports have demonstrated that MSLN is expressed by a significant percentage of triple-negative breast and gastric cancer clinical specimens. Here, panels of triple-negative breast and gastric cancer cell lines were tested for surface MSLN expression, and for sensitivity to RG7787 in vitro and in animal models. RG7787 produced >95% cell killing of the HCC70 and SUM149 breast cancer cell lines in vitro with IC50 < 100 pmol/L. RG7787 was also effective against gastric cancer cell lines MKN28, MKN45, and MKN74 in vitro, with subnanomolar IC50s. In a nude mouse model, RG7787 treatment (2.5 mg/kg i.v. qod ×3-4) resulted in a statistically significant 41% decrease in volumes of HCC70 xenograft tumors (P < 0.0001) and an 18% decrease in MKN28 tumors (P < 0.0001). Pretreatment with paclitaxel (50 mg/kg i.p.) enhanced efficacy, producing 88% and 70% reduction in tumor volumes for HCC70 and MKN28, respectively, a statistically significant improvement over paclitaxel alone (P < 0.0001 for both). RG7787 merits clinical testing for triple-negative breast and gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Alewine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laiman Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Takao Yamori
- Center for Product Evaluation, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Device Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerhard Niederfellner
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Bosslet
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Penon D, Cito L, Giordano A. Novel findings about management of gastric cancer: A summary from 10 th IGCC. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8986-8992. [PMID: 25083072 PMCID: PMC4112895 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.8986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tenth International Gastric Cancer Congress (IGCC) was held in Verona, Italy, from June 19 to 22, 2013. The meeting enclosed various aspects of stomach tumor management, including both tightly clinical approaches, and topics more related to basic research. Moreover, an overview on gastrointestinal stromal tumors was provided too, although here not discussed. Here we will discuss some topics related to molecular biology of gastric cancer (GC), inherent to prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic tools shown at the conference. Results about well known subjects, such as E-cadherin loss of expression/function, were presented. They revealed that other mutations of the gene were identified, showing a continuous research to improve diagnosis and prognosis of stomach tumor. Simultaneously, new possible molecular markers with an established role for other neoplasms, were discussed, such as mesothelin, stomatin-like protein 2 and Notch-1. Hence, a wide overview including both old and new diagnostic/prognostic tools was offered. Great attention was also dedicated to possible drugs to be used against GC. They included monoclonal antibodies, such as MS57-2.1, drugs used in other pathologies, such as maraviroc, and natural extracts from plants such as biflorin. We would like to contribute to summarize the most impressive studies presented at the IGCC, concerning novel findings about molecular biology of gastric cancer. Although further investigations will be necessary, it can be inferred that more and more tools were developed, so as to better face stomach neoplasms.
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Golfier S, Kopitz C, Kahnert A, Heisler I, Schatz CA, Stelte-Ludwig B, Mayer-Bartschmid A, Unterschemmann K, Bruder S, Linden L, Harrenga A, Hauff P, Scholle FD, Müller-Tiemann B, Kreft B, Ziegelbauer K. Anetumab ravtansine: a novel mesothelin-targeting antibody-drug conjugate cures tumors with heterogeneous target expression favored by bystander effect. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1537-48. [PMID: 24714131 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelin is a tumor differentiation antigen frequently overexpressed in tumors such as mesothelioma, ovarian, pancreatic, and lung adenocarcinomas while showing limited expression in nonmalignant tissues. Mesothelin is therefore an attractive target for cancer therapy using antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). This study describes the detailed characterization of anetumab ravtansine, here referred to as BAY 94-9343, a novel ADC consisting of a human anti-mesothelin antibody conjugated to the maytansinoid tubulin inhibitor DM4 via a disulfide-containing linker. Binding properties of the anti-mesothelin antibody were analyzed using surface plasmon resonance, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Effects of BAY 94-9343 on cell proliferation were first studied in vitro and subsequently in vivo using subcutaneous, orthotopic, and patient-derived xenograft tumor models. The antibody binds to human mesothelin with high affinity and selectivity, thereby inducing efficient antigen internalization. In vitro, BAY 94-9343 demonstrated potent and selective cytotoxicity of mesothelin-expressing cells with an IC(50) of 0.72 nmol/L, without affecting mesothelin-negative or nonproliferating cells. In vivo, BAY 94-9343 localized specifically to mesothelin-positive tumors and inhibited tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models. In addition, BAY 94-9343 was able to induce a bystander effect on neighboring mesothelin-negative tumor cells. Antitumor efficacy of BAY 94-9343 correlated with the amount of mesothelin expressed and was generally superior to that of standard-of-care regimen resulting in complete tumor eradication in most of the models. BAY 94-9343 is a selective and highly potent ADC, and our data support its development for the treatment of patients with mesothelin-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Golfier
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kopitz
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Antje Kahnert
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Iring Heisler
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schatz
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Bruder
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lars Linden
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Axel Harrenga
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Hauff
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank-Detlef Scholle
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Beate Müller-Tiemann
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bertolt Kreft
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karl Ziegelbauer
- Authors' Affiliation: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin/Wuppertal, Germany
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Wu X, Li D, Liu L, Liu B, Liang H, Yang B. Serum soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP): a potential diagnostic and monitoring marker for epithelial ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:1309-14. [PMID: 24370956 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential and diagnostic performance of soluble mesothelin-related peptide (SMRP) as a tumor marker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS Sera were obtained from 78 EOC patients, 84 benign ovarian tumor patients, 58 healthy volunteers, and 22/78 EOC patients 1 week after surgery. SMRP levels and diagnostic performance were assessed by ELISA using the MESOMARK kit. The combination of SMRP and CA125 in the diagnosis of EOC was assessed. RESULTS SMRP concentrations were higher in EOC patients than in benign tumor patients and healthy volunteers, and SMRP levels were shown to decrease in EOC patients after surgery. Histological EOC subtypes showed significant differences in SMRP levels. Stage III-IV patients had a higher level of SMRP than stage I-II patients (P < 0.001). Elevated SMRP levels were also found in higher grade tumors (P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for SMRP was 0.891. The best statistical cut-off for SMRP was 1.3109 nM, with 0.821 sensitivity and 0.979 specificity. When compared with CA125, SMRP performed better in specificity, omission diagnostic rate, positive predictive value, and correction rate, but worse for sensitivity and negative predictive value. The combination of SMRP and CA125 gave a sensitivity of 98.4 % and a specificity of 88.9 %. CONCLUSION Serum SMRP is a promising marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of EOC, especially in combination with CA125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wu
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398 West Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050081, Hebei, People's Republic of China,
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Ito T, Kajino K, Abe M, Sato K, Maekawa H, Sakurada M, Orita H, Wada R, Kajiyama Y, Hino O. ERC/mesothelin is expressed in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:27-33. [PMID: 24146039 PMCID: PMC3868502 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ERC/mesothelin is expressed in mesothelioma and other malignancies. The ERC/mesothelin gene (MSLN) encodes a 71-kDa precursor protein, which is cleaved to yield 31-kDa N-terminal (N-ERC/mesothelin) and 40-kDa C-terminal (C-ERC/mesothelin) proteins. N-ERC/mesothelin is a soluble protein and has been reported to be a diagnostic serum marker of mesothelioma and ovarian cancer. Gastric cancer tissue also expresses C-ERC/mesothelin, but the significance of serum N-ERC levels for diagnosing gastric cancer has not yet been studied. We examined the latter issue in the present study as well as C-ERC/mesothelin expression in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. We immunohistochemically examined C-ERC/mesothelin expression in tissue samples from 50 cases of gastric cancer, and we also assessed the C-ERC/mesothelin expression in 6 gastric cancer cell lines (MKN-1, MKN-7, MKN-74, NUGC-3, NUGC-4 and TMK-1) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. We also examined the N-ERC/mesothelin concentrations in the supernatants of cultured cells and in the sera of gastric cancer patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). N-ERC/mesothelin was detected in the supernatants of 3 gastric cancer cell lines (MKN-1, NUGC-4 and TMK-1) by ELISA, but its concentration in the sera of gastric cancer patients was almost same as that observed in the sera of the normal controls. In the gastric cancer tissues, C-ERC/mesothelin expression was associated with lymphatic invasion. N-ERC/mesothelin was secreted into the supernatants of gastric cancer cell lines, but does not appear to be a useful serum marker of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Parinyanitikul N, Blumenschein GR, Wu Y, Lei X, Chavez-Macgregor M, Smart M, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Mesothelin expression and survival outcomes in triple receptor negative breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2013; 13:378-84. [PMID: 23810431 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesothelin is an ideal tumor-associated marker for the development of targeted therapy due to its limited expression in normal tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate mesothelin expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its correlation with survival outcomes. METHODS Mesothelin expression was completed by using immunohistochemistry and was quantified by the H score. An H score > 10 was considered positive. Patient characteristics were compared by mesothelin expression. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to estimate survival outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models was used to adjust for patient and tumor characteristics. RESULTS The median age was 52 years. Of the 109 patients with TNBC, 37 (34%) were positive for mesothelin expression. There were no differences on patient and/or tumor characteristics by mesothelin expression with the exception of high frequency of lymphovascular space invasion in mesothelin-negative tumors (2P = .03). At a median follow-up of 75.8 months, 20 (18.3%) patients had experienced a recurrence, and 22 (20.2%) had died. Five-year progression-free survival was 87% and 92% in patients with mesothelin-positive and those with mesothelin-negative tumors (2P = .43). Five-year overall survival was 85% and 91% in patients with mesothelin-positive and those with mesothelin-negative tumors (2P = .57), respectively. Mesothelin expression was not an independent predictor of survival outcomes. CONCLUSION Mesothelin expression was identified in 34% of patients with TNBC. Mesothelin expression did not correlate with survival outcomes in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napa Parinyanitikul
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Wang L, Niu Z, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang X, Li F, Wang Y. Clinicopathological significance of mesothelin expression in invasive breast cancer. J Int Med Res 2013; 40:909-16. [PMID: 22906263 DOI: 10.1177/147323001204000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the expression profile of the mesothelin (MSLN) gene and its prognostic significance in breast cancer. METHODS To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of mesothelin, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the level of mesothelin protein in surgically resected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded invasive breast carcinoma specimens. Associations between mesothelin and other biomarkers, including oestrogen receptor (OR), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 182 breast carcinoma specimens were included. Mesothelin protein was present in the membrane of malignant cells. There was correlation between the presence of mesothelin in tumour cells and tumour infiltration of the lymph node. There was no correlation between the presence of mesothelin and HER2/neu protein, OR and PR in tumour cells. Mesothelin levels were significantly associated with decreased overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Lymph node status, tumour size, HER2/neu and mesothelin protein levels in breast cancer cells were independent prognostic factors. Mesothelin could be useful as a prognostic marker of overall survival in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Diseases, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, Tianjin, China
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Fang CL, Hseu YC, Lin YF, Hung ST, Tai C, Uen YH, Lin KY. Clinical and prognostic association of transcription factor SOX4 in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52804. [PMID: 23285187 PMCID: PMC3527618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular process by which this disease develops and progresses. This study investigated correlations between the expression of nuclear transcription factor SOX4 and various clinicopathologic parameters as well as patients' survival. Expression levels of nuclear SOX4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry; the data comprised gastric tissues from 168 patients with GC. Paired t tests were used to analyze the differences in nuclear SOX4 expression between tumor and non-tumor tissues from each patient. Two-tailed Χ2 tests were performed to determine whether the differences in nuclear SOX4 expression and clinicopathologic parameters were significant. Time-to-event endpoints for clinicopathologic parameters were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and statistical significance was determined using univariate log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis to determine the independence of prognostic effects of nuclear SOX4 expression. Overexpression of nuclear SOX4 was significantly correlated with depth of invasion (P<0.0001), nodal status (P = 0.0055), distant metastasis (P = 0.0195), stage (P = 0.0003), and vascular invasion (P = 0.0383). Patients who displayed high expression levels of nuclear SOX4 achieved a significantly poorer disease-free survival rate, compared with patients with low SOX4 expression levels (P = 0.003). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that overexpression of nuclear SOX4 was a clear prognostic marker for GC (P = 0.004). Overexpression of nuclear SOX4 can be used as a marker to predict the outcome of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Hospital Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chein Tai
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Huei Uen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Superintendent's Office, Chi Mei Hospital Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kawamata F, Kamachi H, Einama T, Homma S, Tahara M, Miyazaki M, Tanaka S, Kamiyama T, Nishihara H, Taketomi A, Todo S. Intracellular localization of mesothelin predicts patient prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2109-18. [PMID: 23064529 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin is expressed in various types of malignant tumors, and we recently reported that the expression of mesothelin was related to unfavorable patient outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examined the clinicopathological significance of mesothelin expression in extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDCA), especially in terms of its association with the staining pattern. Tissue samples from 61 EHBDCA (16 hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 17 upper bile duct adenocarci-noma, 20 middle bile duct adenocarcinoma and 8 distal bile duct adenocarcinoma) were immunohistochemically examined. The expression levels of mesothelin in tumor cells was classified into the localization of mesothelin in luminal membrane and/or cytoplasm, in addition to high and low according to the staining intensity and proportion as a conventional analysis. 'High-level expression' of mesothelin (47.5%) was statistically correlated with liver metastasis (P=0.013) and poorer patient outcome (P=0.022), while 'luminal membrane positive' of mesothelin (52.5%) was more significantly correlated with liver metastasis (P=0.006), peritoneal metastasis (P=0.024) and unfavorable patient outcome (P=0.017). Moreover, we found that 'cytoplasmic expression' isolated from 'luminal membrane negative' of mesothelin represented the best patient prognosis throughout this study. We describe the expression pattern level of mesothelin, i.e., in luminal membrane or cytoplasm both high and low level, evidently indicate the patient prognosis of EHBDCA, suggesting the pivotal role of mesothelin in cancer promotion depending on its intracellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Kawamata
- Department of General Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Einama T, Homma S, Kamachi H, Kawamata F, Takahashi K, Takahashi N, Taniguchi M, Kamiyama T, Furukawa H, Matsuno Y, Tanaka S, Nishihara H, Taketomi A, Todo S. Luminal membrane expression of mesothelin is a prominent poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:137-42. [PMID: 22644300 PMCID: PMC3389425 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesothelin is expressed in various types of malignant tumour, and we recently reported that expression of mesothelin was related to an unfavourable patient outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examined the clinicopathological significance of the mesothelin expression in gastric cancer, especially in terms of its association with the staining pattern. Methods: Tissue specimens from 110 gastric cancer patients were immunohistochemically examined. The staining proportion and intensity of mesothelin expression in tumour cells were analysed, and the localisation of mesothelin was classified into luminal membrane and/or cytoplasmic expression. Results: Mesothelin was positive in 49 cases, and the incidence of mesothelin expression was correlated with lymph-node metastasis. Furthermore, luminal membrane staining of mesothelin was identified in 16 cases, and the incidence of luminal membrane expression was also correlated with pT factor, pStage, lymphatic permeation, blood vessel permeation, recurrence, and poor patient outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that luminal membrane expression of mesothelin was an independent predictor of overall patient survival. Conclusion: We described that the luminal membrane expression of mesothelin was a reliable prognostic factor in gastric cancer, suggesting the functional significance of membrane-localised mesothelin in the aggressive behaviour of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Einama
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Lin KY, Wang LH, Hseu YC, Fang CL, Yang HL, Kumar KJS, Tai C, Uen YH. Clinical significance of increased guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 expression in human gastric cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:750-9. [PMID: 22544459 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0598-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, little is known on the molecular process of its development and progression. This study investigates the involvement of guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 in tumor progression and in the prognosis of human gastric cancer. The two patient cohorts in this study consisted of 167 gastric cancer cases from 1997 through 2001, documenting pathologic and clinical factors, as well as the clinical outcomes. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence were used to examine Vav3 expression in tumor and nontumor pairs of gastric tissues and gastric cell lines. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology was used to study the effects of Vav3 knockdown on the growth and spread of gastric cancer cells. Finally, xenograph proliferation was used to study the tumor growth. Overexpression of Vav3 was associated with the depth of invasion (P = 0.0004), nodal status (P = 0.0260), distant metastasis (P = 0.0003), stage (P = 0.0002), and vascular invasion (P = 0.0286); and correlated with poor disease-free survival (P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis shows that overexpression of Vav3 is an independent prognostic marker for gastric cancer (P = 0.033). Disrupting the expression of Vav3 using shRNA technology inhibited gastric cancer cell growth, spread, and xenograph proliferation. This study suggests that overexpression of Vav3 can be a useful marker for predicting the outcome of patients with gastric cancer and that Vav3 targeting can represent a potential modality for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Hospital Chiali, 606, Shin-Hwa Road, Chiali District, Tainan 722, Taiwan
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