1
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Su Y, Mei L, Jiang T, Wang Z, Ji Y. Novel role of lncRNAs regulatory network in papillary thyroid cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101674. [PMID: 38440062 PMCID: PMC10909982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. The incidence of PTC has increased annually worldwide. Thus, PTC diagnosis and treatment attract more attention. Noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in PTC progression and act as prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins have potential biomarkers for diagnosing and treating PTC. However, the correlation of lncRNAs with miRNAs and EMT-associated proteins needs further clarification. The present review highlights the recent advances of lncRNAs in PTC. We significantly summarized the two molecular regulatory mechanisms in PTC progress, including lncRNAs-miRNAs-protein signaling axes and lncRNAs-EMT pathways. This review will help our understanding of the association between lncRNAs and PTC and may assist us in evaluating the prognosis for PTC patients. Taken together, targeting the lncRNAs regulatory network has promising applications in diagnosing and treating PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated, Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tiantian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated, Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
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Said R, Hernández-Losa J, Jenni R, de Haro RSL, Moline T, Zouari S, Blel A, Rammeh S, Derouiche A, Ouerhani S. An insight into the diagnostic, prognostic, and taxanes resistance of double zinc finger and homeodomain factor 's expression in naïve prostate cancer. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:106. [PMID: 38476644 PMCID: PMC10925581 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, clinical biomarkers are urgently needed to improve patient management to guide personal therapy for cancer. In this study, we investigate the deregulation of Zeb-1 in prostate cancer (PC) Tunisian patients. Expression patterns of the Zeb-1 were investigated in prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostate biopsies using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and 2-ΔΔCt method. Statistical analysis was used to identify differences across groups depending on gene expression level. Furthermore, we exploited a follow-up over 15 years to correlate Zeb-1 deregulation and clinical outcomes in PC patients. Based on ROC curve analyses, the AUC was found in discriminating PC patients from controls (AUC = 0.757; p < 0.001). In addition, the higher expression level was significantly associated with PSA, Digital Rectal Examination, Gleason score, tumor stage, and distant lymph node metastases. Moreover, Zeb-1 overexpression was correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.042), poor progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.007), and with resistance to taxanes (p = 0.012). Our data provide the aberrant expression of Zeb-1 in PC patients suggesting its potential diagnostic, prognostic, and theranostic role. Further functional studies are mandatory to strengthen these results and to uncover the molecular mechanism of this neoplasm. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03941-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Said
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bio-Active Molecules, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology - University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rim Jenni
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bio-Active Molecules, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology - University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rosa Somoza Lopez de Haro
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Moline
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Skander Zouari
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Blel
- Pathology Anatomy and Cytology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Rammeh
- Pathology Anatomy and Cytology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Derouiche
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bio-Active Molecules, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology - University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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3
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Seeneevassen L, Zaafour A, Sifré E, Genevois C, Nguyen TL, Pobiedonoscew Y, Giese A, Guignard J, Tiffon C, Rousseau B, Raymond AA, Belleannée G, Boeuf H, Gronnier C, Martin OCB, Giraud J, Lehours P, Dubus P, Varon C. Targeting metastasis-initiating cancer stem cells in gastric cancer with leukaemia inhibitory factor. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:120. [PMID: 38453889 PMCID: PMC10920825 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer's (GC) bad prognosis is usually associated with metastatic spread. Invasive cancer stem cells (CSC) are considered to be the seed of GC metastasis and not all CSCs are able to initiate metastasis. Targeting these aggressive metastasis-initiating CSC (MIC) is thus vital. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is hereby used to target Hippo pathway oncogenic members, found to be induced in GC and associated with CSC features. LIF-treated GC cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells and/or CSC tumourspheres underwent transcriptomics, laser microdissection-associated proteomics, 2D and 3D invasion assays and in vivo xenograft in mice blood circulation. LIFR expression was analysed on tissue microarrays from GC patients and in silico from public databases. LIF-treated cells, especially CSC, presented decreased epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and invasion capacity in vitro, and lower metastasis initiation ability in vivo. These effects involved both the Hippo and Jak/Stat pathways. Finally, GC's high LIFR expression was associated with better clinical outcomes in patients. LIF treatment could thus represent a targeted anti-CSC strategy to fight against metastatic GC, and LIFR detection in primary tumours could constitute a potential new prognosis marker in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lornella Seeneevassen
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anissa Zaafour
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Sifré
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Coralie Genevois
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
- VIVOPTIC TBM-Core, University Bordeaux, CNRS UAR3427 INSERM US005, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tra Ly Nguyen
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yasmine Pobiedonoscew
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban Giese
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Guignard
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Tiffon
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Animal Facility, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Aurélie Raymond
- Oncoprot TBM-Core, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UAR3427 INSERM US005, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Geneviève Belleannée
- CHU Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Histology and Pathology, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Boeuf
- INSERM U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Gronnier
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Océane C B Martin
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Giraud
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
- Centre National de Référence des Campylobacters et Helicobacters, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Histology and Pathology, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Varon
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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Post-Translational Modification of ZEB Family Members in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315127. [PMID: 36499447 PMCID: PMC9737314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM), the essential regulatory mechanisms of proteins, play essential roles in physiological and pathological processes. In addition, PTM functions in tumour development and progression. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB) family homeodomain transcription factors, such as ZEB1 and ZEB2, play a pivotal role in tumour progression and metastasis by induction epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with activation of stem cell traits, immune evasion and epigenetic reprogramming. However, the relationship between ZEB family members' post-translational modification (PTM) and tumourigenesis remains largely unknown. Therefore, we focussed on the PTM of ZEBs and potential therapeutic approaches in cancer progression. This review provides an overview of the diverse functions of ZEBs in cancer and the mechanisms and therapeutic implications that target ZEB family members' PTMs.
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5
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Association of ZEB1 and Vimentin with poor prognosis in metaplastic breast cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 59:151954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Choi JD, Kim TJ, Jeong BC, Jeon HG, Jeon SS, Kang MY, Yeom SY, Seo SI. ISL1 promotes enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Sci Rep 2021; 11:21984. [PMID: 34753990 PMCID: PMC8578390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of insulin gene enhancer-binding protein 1 (ISL1) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with cancer development and progression in several cancers. However, little is known about ISL1 expression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ISL1 has also been recognized as a positive modulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we focused on ISL1 which showed maximum upregulation at the mRNA level in the enzalutamide-resistant cell line. Accordingly, we found that ISL1 was overexpressed in enzalutamide-resistant C4-2B cells and its expression was significantly related to EMT. Our findings reveal the important role of ISL1 in androgen receptor (AR)-dependent prostate cancer cell growth; ISL1 knockdown reduced the AR activity and cell growth. ISL1 knockdown using small-interfering RNA inhibited AR, PSA, and EMT-related protein expression in C4-2B ENZR cells. In addition, knock-down ISL1 reduced the levels of AKT and p65 phosphorylation in C4-2B ENZR cells and these suggest that knock-down ISL1 suppresses EMT in part by targeting the AKT/NF-κB pathway. Further, ISL1 downregulation could effectively inhibit tumor growth in a human CRPC xenograft model. Together, the present study shows that downregulation of ISL1 expression is necessary for overcoming enzalutamide resistance and improving the survival of CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Duck Choi
- Department of Urology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chang Jeong
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yong Yeom
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Il Seo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Exosome-mediated delivery of functionally active miRNA-375-3p mimic regulate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of colon cancer cells. Life Sci 2021; 269:119035. [PMID: 33450254 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS EMT is the process by which a polarized epithelial cell undergoes several changes leading to highly invasive and fibroblast-like morphology. It has been described that miR-375 is inversely associated with EMT in cancerous patients and can effectively inhibit invasion and migration of tumor cells. Here, we investigate whether miR-375 mimic delivered by tumor-derived exosomes could reverse EMT process. MAIN METHODS The exosomes were isolated from HT-29 and SW480. Subsequently, exosomes were loaded with miR-375-3p mimic applying modified calcium chloride method. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for evaluation of the loading efficiency of miR-375 mimic in the exosomes. The effects of miR-375 loaded tumor exosomes (TEXomiR) on EMT process investigated using flow cytometry, cell morphology, and invasion and migration assay. KEY FINDINGS The in vitro results showed that the tumor derived exosomes can efficiently deliver miR-375 mimic to reduce the expression of β-catenin, vimentin, ZEB1, and snail. In contrast, TEXomiR significantly increased the expression of E- cadherin in EMT process. Furthermore, the migration and invasion abilities of HT-29 and SW480 cells were inhibited by TEXomiR. The expression of CD44 and CD133 are increased in EMT process. Flow cytometry evaluation demonstrated that treatment with TEXomiR significantly decreased the expression of CD44 and CD133 in SW480 cell line. SIGNIFICANCE Our results imply that colon cancer cells-derived exosomes could be used as an effective nonvehicle to deliver miR-375-3p mimic. Moreover, TEXomiR may be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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8
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Takei Y, Hara T, Suzuki A, Mihara K, Yanagihara K. Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Is a Suitable Target to Inhibit Peritoneal Dissemination in Human Scirrhous Gastric Cancers. Pathobiology 2020; 87:277-290. [PMID: 32937635 DOI: 10.1159/000508350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scirrhous gastric cancer, which accounts for approximately 10% of all gastric cancers, often disseminates to the peritoneum, leading to intractable cases with poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for new treatment approaches for this difficult cancer. METHODS We previously established an original cell line, HSC-60, from a scirrhous gastric cancer patient and isolated a peritoneal-metastatic cell line, 60As6, in nude mice following orthotopic inoculations. In the present study, we focused on the expression of long noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) (lncRNA) in the cell lines and investigated the mechanism on peritoneal dissemination. RESULTS We demonstrated that an lncRNA, HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), is expressed significantly more highly in 60As6 than HSC-60 cells. Then, using both HOTAIR knockdown and overexpression experiments, we showed that high-level expression of HOTAIR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 60As6 cells. By luciferase assay, we found that HOTAIR directly targets and binds to miR-217, and that miR-217 directly binds to Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The knockdown of HOTAIR in 60As6 cells significantly reduced the invasion activity and peritoneal dissemination - and significantly prolonged the survival - in the orthotopic tumor mouse model. CONCLUSION An EMT-associated pathway (the HOTAIR-miR-217-ZEB1 axis) appears to inhibit peritoneal dissemination and could lead to a novel therapeutic strategy against scirrhous gastric cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan,
| | - Toshifumi Hara
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keichiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Lin S, Song S, Sun R, Zhang M, Du Y, Zhang D, Xu W, Wang H. Oncogenic circular RNA Hsa‐circ‐000684 interacts with microRNA‐186 to upregulate ZEB1 in gastric cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:8187-8203. [PMID: 32388910 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Digestive Disease The Second Hospital of Shandong University Ji'nan P. R. China
| | - Suzhen Song
- Department of Internal Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Central Laboratory The Second Hospital of Shandong University Ji'nan P. R. China
| | - Mingbao Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease The Second Hospital of Shandong University Ji'nan P. R. China
| | - Yating Du
- Department of Digestive Disease The Second Hospital of Shandong University Ji'nan P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease The Second Hospital of Shandong University Ji'nan P. R. China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Digestive Disease The Second Hospital of Shandong University Ji'nan P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease The Second Hospital of Shandong University Ji'nan P. R. China
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10
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Chen B, Chen B, Zhu Z, Ye W, Zeng J, Liu G, Wang S, Gao J, Xu G, Huang Z. Prognostic value of ZEB-1 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:635. [PMID: 31248382 PMCID: PMC6598232 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) plays crucial roles in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during tumor carcinogenesis. Published studies have examined the potential value of ZEB-1 as a biomarker for the prognosis of cancer. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance of ZEB-1 in human solid tumor remains inconclusive. Therefore, we performed the present meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of ZEB-1 in patients with solid tumors. Methods The 13 included studies (1616 patients) were exact electronic searched from Web of Science, PubMed and EBSCO until September 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) were analyzed through random or fixed effects models. Univariate and multivariate analyses were independently performed. Subgroup analyses, heterogeneity and publication bias were investigated to further enhance reliability. Results This research indicated that elevated expression of ZEB-1 significantly predicted worse OS in patients with solid tumors. In the univariate analysis, the pooled HR for OS was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.45–1.90; P < 0.01). Meanwhile, in multivariate analysis, the pooled HR for OS was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.58–3.30; P < 0.01). Begg’s funnel plot and Begg’s test did not show evidence of significant publication bias, both in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Conclusions High expression of ZEB-1 was associated with poorer OS, suggesting that ZEB-1 may be a potential biomarker for the prediction of prognosis, and a novel therapeutic target in human solid tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5830-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhen Hai Road, Si Ming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Baisheng Chen
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Xiamen Branch of Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhen Hai Road, Si Ming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weipeng Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junjie Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhen Hai Road, Si Ming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhen Hai Road, Si Ming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhen Hai Road, Si Ming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guoxing Xu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhen Hai Road, Si Ming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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11
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Li D, Cheng P, Wang J, Qiu X, Zhang X, Xu L, Liu Y, Qin S. IRF6 Is Directly Regulated by ZEB1 and ELF3, and Predicts a Favorable Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:220. [PMID: 31019894 PMCID: PMC6458252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) acts as a tumor suppressor and controls cell differentiation in ectodermal and craniofacial tissues by regulating expression of target genes. However, its function in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown to date. In this study, we found that the IRF6 expression was significantly downregulated in GC. And the decreased expression of IRF6 was clinically correlated with poor prognosis of GC. Moreover, loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that IRF6 was negatively regulated by ZEB1 but positively regulated by ELF3. Additionally, transcription factor ZEB1 and ELF3 could directly bind on IRF6 promoter, which suggested that transcription factor IRF6 is transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1 and ELF3. Nevertheless, we found that IRF6 expression was negatively related to its promoter methylation in TCGA stomach cancer cohorts. The downregulation of IRF6 in GC might be due to the overexpression of ZEB1 and the DNA methylation of IRF6 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Shiyan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, China
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12
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Fouani L, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Targeting Oncogenic Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling with Redox-Active Agents for Cancer Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1096-1123. [PMID: 29161883 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is essential under physiologically relevant conditions. However, aberrant activation of this pathway plays a pertinent role in tumorigenesis and contributes to resistance. Recent Advances: The importance of the NF-κB pathway means that its targeting must be specific to avoid side effects. For many currently used therapeutics and those under development, the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a promising strategy. CRITICAL ISSUES As cancer cells exhibit greater ROS levels than their normal counterparts, they are more sensitive to additional ROS, which may be a potential therapeutic niche. It is known that ROS are involved in (i) the activation of NF-κB signaling, when in sublethal amounts; and (ii) high levels induce cytotoxicity resulting in apoptosis. Indeed, ROS-induced cytotoxicity is valuable for its capabilities in killing cancer cells, but establishing the potency of ROS for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling is necessary. Indeed, some cancer treatments, currently used, activate NF-κB and may stimulate oncogenesis and confer resistance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Thus, combinatorial approaches using ROS-generating agents alongside conventional therapeutics may prove an effective tactic to reduce NF-κB activity to kill cancer cells. One strategy is the use of thiosemicarbazones, which form redox-active metal complexes that generate high ROS levels to deliver potent antitumor activity. These agents also upregulate the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), which functions as an NF-κB signaling inhibitor. It is proposed that targeting NF-κB signaling may proffer a new therapeutic niche to improve the efficacy of anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Fouani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Guo T, Wen XZ, Li ZY, Han HB, Zhang CG, Bai YH, Xing XF, Cheng XJ, Du H, Hu Y, Wang XH, Jia YN, Nie ML, Xie M, Li QD, Ji JF. ISL1 predicts poor outcomes for patients with gastric cancer and drives tumor progression through binding to the ZEB1 promoter together with SETD7. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30674889 PMCID: PMC6393520 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ISL1, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, serves as a biomarker of metastasis in multiple tumors. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of ISL1 in gastric cancer (GC) have not been fully elucidated. Here we found that ISL1 was frequently overexpressed in GC FFPE samples (104/196, 53.06%), and associated with worse clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the overexpression of ISL1 and loss-of-function of ISL1 influenced cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo, including GC patient-derived xenograft models. We used ChIP-seq and RNA-seq to identify that ISL1 influenced the regulation of H3K4 methylation and bound to ZEB1, a key regulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Meanwhile, we validated ISL1 as activating ZEB1 promoter through influencing H3K4me3. We confirmed that a complex between ISL1 and SETD7 (a histone H3K4-specific methyltransferase) can directly bind to the ZEB1 promoter to activate its expression in GC cells by immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and ChIP-re-ChIP. Moreover, ZEB1 expression was significantly positively correlated with ISL1 and was positively associated with a worse outcome in primary GC specimens. Our paper uncovers a molecular mechanism of ISL1 promoting metastasis of GC through binding to the ZEB1 promoter together with co-factor SETD7. ISL1 might be a potential prognostic biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Zi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Han
- The Tissue Bank, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Bai
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xing
- The Tissue Bank, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- The Tissue Bank, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- The Tissue Bank, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ning Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Lin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Da Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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14
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Abstract
The Zinc Finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB1/TCF8 or DeltaEF1) is at the forefront of transcription factors involved in controlling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). Essentially, EMT allows for the reorganization of epithelial cells to become migratory cells with a mesenchymal phenotype. In addition to ZEB1 being involved in embryonic development, ZEB1 has also been linked to processes involving micro-RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and stem cells. In recent years there has been an accumulation of evidence with regard to ZEB1 in various cancers. Although increased ZEB1 expression has largely been associated with EMT, cancer invasion, and tumorigenicity, there have been some episodic reports that have gone against the traditional reporting of the role of ZEB1. Indicating that the function of ZEB1 and the mechanisms by which ZEB1 facilitates its activities is more complex than was once appreciated. This complexity is further exacerbated by the notion that ZEB1 can act not only as a transcriptional repressor but a transcriptional activator as well. This review seeks to shed light on the complexity of ZEB1 with respect to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mecca Madany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lincoln A Edwards
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Plastin3 is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2393-2399. [PMID: 30675305 PMCID: PMC6341793 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The plastin3 (PLS3) gene, which encodes an actin bundling protein known to inhibit cofilin-mediated depolymerization of actin fiber, has been previously reported to serve an important role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical significance of PLS3 and its role in regulating EMT, as well as in promoting cell invasion and migration in gastric cancer. The expression of plastin3 mRNA was measured in 163 resected gastric cancer specimens, in order to determine the clinicopathological significance. Furthermore, in vitro invasion and migration assays were performed on gastric cancer cells, which revealed that PLS3 expression was suppressed. The high PLS3 expression group had a higher incidence of advanced tumour stage, cancer differentiation, tumour invasion depth and distant metastases compared with the low PLS3 expression group (P<0.05). In addition, the high PLS3 expression group had a significantly poorer prognosis than the low expression group (P=0.012). Multivariate analysis indicated that high PLS3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for survival. The present study also identified that suppression of PLS3 in gastric cancer cells was associated with decreased cell invasion and migration. The findings from the present study indicate that high expression of PLS3 in gastric cancer is independently associated with a poor prognosis, and that PL3 serves an important role in EMT.
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16
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Takei Y, Shen G, Morita-Kondo A, Hara T, Mihara K, Yanagihara K. MicroRNAs Associated with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Can Be Targeted to Inhibit Peritoneal Dissemination of Human Scirrhous Gastric Cancers. Pathobiology 2018; 85:232-246. [PMID: 29847827 DOI: 10.1159/000488801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scirrhous gastric cancers grow rapidly, and frequently invade the peritoneum. Such peritoneal dissemination properties markedly reduce patient survival. Thus, an effective means for inhibiting peritoneal dissemination is urgently required. METHODS We previously established a cell line, HSC-58, from a scirrhous gastric cancer patient, and further successfully isolated a metastatic line, 58As9, in nude mice upon orthotopic inoculation. Using the lines, we examined the mechanism underlying peritoneal dissemination from the viewpoint of microRNA (miRNA) expression. RESULTS miRNA array and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated miRNAs such as miR-200c and miR-141 were significantly low in 58As9. Using 58As9 with stably overexpressing miR-200c, miR-141, or both, together with a luciferase reporter assay, we found that miR-200c targeted zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and miR-141 targeted ZEB2. The overexpressed lines reversed the EMT status from mesenchymal to epithelial in 58As9, and significantly reduced the invasion activity and peritoneal dissemination for a significant prolongation of survival in the orthotopic tumor models in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS EMT-associated miRNAs such as miR-200c and miR-141 and their target genes ZEB1/ZEB2 have good potential for antiperitoneal dissemination therapy in patients with scirrhous gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Guodong Shen
- Division of Disease Models, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayami Morita-Kondo
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hara
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keichiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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17
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Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Ichikawa T, Kawamura M, Yasuda H, Fujikawa H, Saigusa S, Ohi M, Araki T, Tanaka K, Inoue Y, Tanaka M, Miki C, Kusunoki M. Colony-stimulating factor-1 and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor co-expression is associated with disease progression in gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:737-749. [PMID: 29767252 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony‑stimulating‑factor‑1 (CSF‑1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that exerts its effects through the c‑fms/CSF‑1 receptor (CSF‑1R). The CSF‑1/CSF‑1R axis is thought to be involved in the development of several types of cancer. This study aimed to clarify the clinical and biological significance of the CSF‑1/CSF‑1R axis in gastric cancer (GC). For this purpose, we evaluated CSF‑1 and CSF‑1R expression in GC tissues from 148 patients by RT‑qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The biological roles of the CSF‑1/CSF‑1R axis were investigated by measuring the cell proliferation and migration, and anoikis resistance in a human GC cell line following treatment with recombinant human CSF‑1 and/or CSF‑1R inhibitor. The results revealed that an elevated expression of CSF‑1 or CSF‑1R significantly correlated with disease progression and with a poor overall survival (OS, P=0.037 and 0.016, respectively) and disease‑free survival (DFS, P<0.001 and <0.001, respectively) of patients with GC. Furthermore, a high co‑expression of CSF‑1 and CSF‑1R was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02‑1.88; P=0.038) and DFS (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.21‑2.67; P=0.004), and an independent risk factor for lymph node and peritoneal metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an intense CSF‑1/CSF‑1R expression in the cytoplasm of cancer cells in primary GC tissues. CSF‑1 or CSF‑1R expression positively correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) or Fms related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1) expression in GC tissues. Treatment with recombinant human CSF‑1 promoted proliferation, migration and anoikis resistance in a GC cell line. These effects were generally blocked by CSF‑1R inhibition. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that the CSF‑1/CSF‑1R axis may be a clinically useful prognostic and predictive biomarker for lymph node and peritoneal metastasis and a potential therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mikio Kawamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Araki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Chikao Miki
- Department of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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18
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Sun P, Xiang R, Ren G, Yang S. ZEB1 confers chemotherapeutic resistance to breast cancer by activating ATM. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 29352223 PMCID: PMC5833408 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) has been identified as a key factor in the regulation of breast cancer differentiation and metastasis, its potential role in modulating tumor chemoresistance has not been fully understood. Here, through the study of specimens from a large cohort of human breast cancer subjects, we showed that patients with tumors that expressed high levels of ZEB1 responded poorly to chemotherapy. Moreover, ZEB1 expression was positively correlated with expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) and cyclin D1, which are key components of tumor chemoresistant mechanisms. At the molecular level, ectopic expression of ZEB1 impaired the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to genotoxic drug treatment, such as epirubicin (EPI). During this process, ZEB1 transcriptionally activated the expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase by forming a ZEB1/p300/PCAF complex on its promoter, leading to increased homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA damage repair and the clearance of DNA breaks. Using a nude mouse xenograft model, we further confirmed that ectopic expression of ZEB1 decreased breast cancer responsiveness to EPI treatment in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that ZEB1 is a crucial determinant of chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Quansheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rong Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Li F, Huang C, Li Q, Wu X. Construction and Comprehensive Analysis for Dysregulated Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA)-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) Network in Gastric Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:37-49. [PMID: 29295970 PMCID: PMC5761711 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of non-coding RNA with transcripts more than 200 bp in length. LncRNA can interact with the miRNA as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate the expression of target genes, which play a significant role in the initiation and progression of tumors. In this study, we explored the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in gastric cancer, and their potential implications for prognosis. The lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs expression profiles of 375 gastric cancer tissues and 32 non-tumor gastric tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression of RNAs was identified using the DESeq package. Survival analysis was estimated based on Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. KEGG pathway analysis was performed using KOBAS 3.0. The dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network was constructed in gastric cancer based on bioinformatics generated from miRcode and miRTarBase. A total of 237 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 198 miRNAs between gastric cancer and matched normal tissues were screened in our study with thresholds of |log2FC| >2 and adjusted P value <0.01. Eleven discriminatively expressed lncRNAs may be correlated with tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. Seven out of 11 dysregulated lncRNA were found to be significantly associated with overall survival in gastric cancer (P value <0.05). The newly identified ceRNA network includes 11 gastric cancer-specific lncRNAs, 9 miRNAs, and 41 mRNAs. Collectively, our study will contribute to improving the understanding of the lncRNA-associated ceRNA network regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and provide and identify novel lncRNAs as candidate prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxi Li
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, P.R. China
| | - Chuiguo Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henanm, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, P.R. China
| | - Xianghua Wu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, P.R. China
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20
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Song Z, Li W, Wang L, Jia N, Chen B. MicroRNA-454 inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion by downregulating zinc finger E‑box‑binding homeobox 1 in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9067-9073. [PMID: 29039488 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality globally. Accumulating studies have identified the involvement of microRNAs in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. This study was aimed to investigate the expression, functional roles of microRNA‑454 (miR‑454) and its direct target gene in gastric cancer. According to the results, the expression level of miR‑454 was demonstrated to be reduced in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines compared with corresponding distant non‑tumor gastric tissues and human immortalized gastric epithelial, respectively. miR‑454 mimic transfection led to inhibition of gastric cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis predicated that zinc finger E‑box‑binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a potential target gene of miR‑454. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR‑454 directly targeted the 3'UTR of ZEB1. miR‑454 overexpression significantly decreased the ZEB1 mRNA and protein expression levels. ZEB1 knockdown could mimic the tumor suppressive roles induced by miR‑454 overexpression on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present study suggested that miR‑454 under expression may be involved in gastric cancer initiation and progression, by promoting proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting ZEB1. miR‑454/ZEB1‑based targeted therapy may be a potential strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Song
- Second Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jia
- Second Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Baosheng Chen
- Second Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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21
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Chen H, Lu W, Huang C, Ding K, Xia D, Wu Y, Cai M. Prognostic significance of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in digestive cancers: a cohort-based analysis and secondary analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:31435-31448. [PMID: 28416756 PMCID: PMC5458220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive cancers are common malignancies worldwide, however there are few effective prognostic markers available. In this study we comprehensively investigated the prognostic significance of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in digestive cancers. METHODS Electronic databases were searched and studies met the selection criteria were included. Study information was recorded and quality assessment was performed according to the REMARK guideline. Hazard ratios and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals were extracted and pooled. Sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, cumulative meta-analyses and secondary analyses were also performed to increase the stability and reliability of our results. RESULTS 24 cohort studies were included in the study. High ZEB1 and ZEB2 levels predicted poor overall survival, meanwhile high ZEB2 levels predicted poor disease free survival for digestive cancer patients. From subgroup analyses we observed ZEB1 was found to be significantly associated with poor overall survival for patients with pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, while ZEB2 was found to be significantly associated with poor overall survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer. Furthermore, by conducting secondary analyses we confirmed both ZEB1 and ZEB2 played important roles in gastric cancer prediction. In addition, we found high ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression were significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in digestive cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study validated the prognostic value and clinicopathological association of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in digestive cancers, especially in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongjie Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mao Cai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Damiano V, Brisotto G, Borgna S, di Gennaro A, Armellin M, Perin T, Guardascione M, Maestro R, Santarosa M. Epigenetic silencing of miR-200c in breast cancer is associated with aggressiveness and is modulated by ZEB1. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:147-158. [PMID: 27717206 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of expression of miR-200 family members has been implicated in cellular plasticity, a phenomenon that accounts for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem-like features of many carcinomas and is considered a major cause of tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of miR-200 downregulation in breast cancer are still largely unknown. Here we show that miR-200c expression inversely correlates with miR-200c/miR-141 locus methylation in triple-negative breast tumors (TNBC). Importantly, low levels of miR-200c expression and high levels of miR-200c/miR-141 locus methylation associated with lymph node metastasis. Moreover, miR-200c/miR-141 locus methylation was significantly related to high expression of ZEB1 in two independent TNBC series. Silencing of ZEB1 in vitro reduced miR-200c/miR-141 DNA methylation and, concurrently, decreased histone H3K9 trimethylation. This chromatin modifications were paralleled by an increase in the expression of both miR-200c and E-cadherin. Similar effects were achieved by treatment with a demethylating agent. Our data suggest that gene methylation is an important element in the regulation of the miR-200c/ZEB1 axis and that chromatin remodeling of the miR-200c/miR-141 locus is affected by ZEB1 and, thus, contributes to ZEB1-induced cellular plasticity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Damiano
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Giulia Brisotto
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Silvia Borgna
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Gennaro
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Michela Armellin
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Michela Guardascione
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy.,Medical Oncology Department, Gastrointestinal Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
| | - Manuela Santarosa
- Functional Onco-Genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, Aviano, PN, 33081, Italy
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23
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Okugawa Y, Mohri Y, Tanaka K, Kawamura M, Saigusa S, Toiyama Y, Ohi M, Inoue Y, Miki C, Kusunoki M. Metastasis-associated protein is a predictive biomarker for metastasis and recurrence in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1893-900. [PMID: 27574100 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis-associated (MTA) gene family is a critical component of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex, and plays an important role in metastatic processes. We systematically evaluated dysregulation of the MTA family to clarify their clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC). One hundred and forty-five patients who underwent surgery for GC were evaluated. We analyzed the expression levels of the MTA family (MTA1, 2 and 3) by qPCR in GC tissue, and the MTA1 protein expression in primary cancer and matched normal mucosa (NM) was measured using immunohistochemical analysis. The expression of all the MTA family members was significantly increased in a stage-dependent manner, and elevated expression of all of the MTA family members was correlated with metastatic factors and prognosis in GC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that MTA1 overexpression was an independent risk factor for survival. Especially, elevated expression of MTA1 was significantly correlated with recurrence, and was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that MTA1 was predominantly expressed in the nuclei of primary GC cells but was not expressed in NM and in the cancer stroma. In conclusion, quantification of MTA expression may support the accurate diagnosis of disease staging and may help predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Mohri
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mikio Kawamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Innovative Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Chikao Miki
- Department of surgery and medical oncology, Iga Municipal Ueno General Citizen's Hospital, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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24
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Imaoka H, Toiyama Y, Okigami M, Yasuda H, Saigusa S, Ohi M, Tanaka K, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Circulating microRNA-203 predicts metastases, early recurrence, and poor prognosis in human gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:744-53. [PMID: 26233325 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with gastric cancer (GC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) relating to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) control GC progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum EMT-associated miRNAs for metastatic and prognostic noninvasive biomarkers in GC. METHODS In the first step of this study (preliminary experiments), we selected candidate miRNAs associated with metastasis by analyzing the expression of the miR-200 family (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429) and miR-203 in serum samples from stage I (n = 12) and stage IV (n = 12) GC patients. The second phase involved the independent validation of candidate miRNAs in serum specimens from 130 patients with GC and 22 controls. RESULTS Based on the preliminary experiments, miR-203 was selected as the candidate serum miRNA that was most closely associated with metastasis. Validation analysis revealed that serum miR-203 levels were significantly lower in stage IV than stage I-III GC patients. Serum miR-203 expression was significantly lower in GC patients with a higher T stage, vessel invasion, and lymph node, peritoneal, and distant metastases. Low expression of serum miR-203 was significantly associated with poor disease-free and overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that low serum miR-203 expression was an independent predictive marker for lymph node, peritoneal, and distant metastases and a poor prognosis in patients with GC. CONCLUSIONS Serum miR-203 has the potential to serve as a noninvasive biomarker for prognosis and to predict metastasis in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Imaoka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Masato Okigami
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Mohri
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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25
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Sato R, Semba T, Saya H, Arima Y. Concise Review: Stem Cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Biological Implications and Therapeutic Targets. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1997-2007. [PMID: 27251010 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-like properties that are able to self-renew, generate differentiated daughter cells, and give rise to heterogeneous tumor tissue. Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and underlies resistance to anticancer therapies and disease progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible phenomenon that is mediated by EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs) and plays an important role in normal organ development, wound healing, and the invasiveness of cancer cells. Recent evidence showing that overexpression of several EMT-TFs is associated with stemness in cancer cells has suggested the existence of a link between EMT and CSCs. In this review, we focus on the roles of CSCs and EMT signaling in driving tumor heterogeneity. A better understanding of the dynamics of both CSCs and EMT-TFs in the generation of tumor heterogeneity may provide a basis for the development of new treatment options for cancer patients. Stem Cells 2016;34:1997-2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sato
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Wu C, Zhuang Y, Jiang S, Liu S, Zhou J, Wu J, Teng Y, Xia B, Wang R, Zou X. Interaction between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and microRNAs regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2236-46. [PMID: 27082441 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third primary cause of cancer-related mortality and one of the most common type of malignant diseases worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in multimodality therapy, advanced GC with high aggressiveness always ends in treatment failure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been widely recognized to be a key process associating with GC evolution, during which cancer cells go through phenotypic variations and acquire the capability of migration and invasion. Wnt/β-catenin pathway has established itself as an EMT regulative signaling due to its maintenance of epithelial integrity as well as tight adherens junctions while mutations of its components will lead to GC initiation and diffusion. The E-cadherin/β-catenin complex plays an important role in stabilizing β-catenin at cell membrane while disruption of this compound gives rise to nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which accounts for upregulation of EMT biomarkers and unfavorable prognosis. Additionally, several microRNAs positively or negatively modify EMT by reciprocally acting with certain target genes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in GC. Thus, this review centers on the strong associations between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and microRNAs during alteration of EMT in GC, which may induce advantageous therapeutic strategies for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunen Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Shenlin Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Teng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Baomei Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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27
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Zhang Y, Liu G, Wu S, Jiang F, Xie J, Wang Y. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1: its clinical significance and functional role in human thyroid cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1303-10. [PMID: 27099512 PMCID: PMC4820193 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), as one of the key inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, has been reported to be regulated by microRNA-144 and Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3, which both promote thyroid cancer cell invasion. However, the involvement of ZEB1 in thyroid cancer has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and clinical implication of ZEB1 in this disease. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the subcellular localization and the expression level of ZEB1 protein in 82 self-pairs of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues obtained from patients with thyroid cancer. The roles of ZEB1 in thyroid cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation were also detected by transwell and MTT analyses, respectively. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that ZEB1 was predominantly localized in the nucleus of thyroid cancer cells. Its immunoreactive score in thyroid cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent noncancerous tissues (P=0.01). In addition, ZEB1 overexpression was significantly associated with the advanced tumor node metastasis staging (P=0.008), the positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.01) and distant metastasis (P=0.02). Furthermore, ZEB1 knockdown by siRNA could efficiently inhibit the migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities of thyroid cancer cells in vitro. Conclusion These findings indicated that ZEB1 might function as an oncogene, the overexpression of which was associated with the aggressive tumor progression of human thyroid cancer. Interestingly, ZEB1 also could promote thyroid cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, suggesting that the inhibition of this protein might be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihe Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Futing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Navy General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhang P, Sun Y, Ma L. ZEB1: at the crossroads of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and therapy resistance. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:481-7. [PMID: 25607528 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1006048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a transcription factor that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinoma cells. EMT not only plays an important role in embryonic development and malignant progression, but is also implicated in cancer therapy resistance. It has been hypothesized that carcinoma cells that have undergone EMT acquire cancer stem cell properties including self-renewal, chemoresistance and radioresistance. However, our recent data indicate that ZEB1 regulates radioresistance in breast cancer cells through an EMT-independent mechanism. In this Perspective, we review different mechanisms by which ZEB1 regulates tumor progression and treatment resistance. Based on studies by us and others, we propose that it is specific EMT inducers like ZEB1, but not the epithelial or mesenchymal state itself, that dictate cancer stem cell properties.
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29
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Suenaga M, Yamada S, Fuchs BC, Fujii T, Kanda M, Tanaka C, Kobayashi D, Fujiwara M, Tanabe KK, Kodera Y. CD44 single nucleotide polymorphism and isoform switching may predict gastric cancer recurrence. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:622-8. [PMID: 26416034 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The clinical implications of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD44 remain unclear. This study examined the relationships of CD44 SNPs with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in Japanese gastric cancer patients. METHODS The CD44 SNPs were analyzed in 11 gastric cancer cell lines and 517 clinical specimens. The expression of CD44 standard (CD44s) and CD44 variant 9 isoform (CD44v9) transcripts were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The CD44 rs187116 A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes were present in 10.3%, 45.1%, and 44.7% of patients, respectively. The presence of CD44 rs187116 A/G or G/G genotypes was significantly associated with positive peritoneal washing cytology (P = 0.012). Disease-free survival of patients with these genotypes was significantly worse than in those with the A/A genotype (P = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that the CD44 rs187116 was independently prognostic of disease-free survival (P = 0.047). The CD44s/CD44v9 ratio was significantly lower in patients with the CD44 rs187116 A/A genotype than in those with the A/G (P = 0.046) and G/G (P = 0.047) genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The CD44 rs187116 genotype could predict disease recurrence in Japanese gastric cancer patients, and the SNP was associated with CD44 isoform switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Suenaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Sakimura S, Sugimachi K, Kurashige J, Ueda M, Hirata H, Nambara S, Komatsu H, Saito T, Takano Y, Uchi R, Sakimura E, Shinden Y, Iguchi T, Eguchi H, Oba Y, Hoka S, Mimori K. The miR-506-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition is Involved in Poor Prognosis for Patients with Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S1436-43. [PMID: 25707493 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have roles in the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Findings have shown that miR-506 inhibits the expression of SNAI2 and that low expression of miR-506 is associated with poor prognoses in ovarian and breast cancers. This study investigated the role of miR-506 in survival and the EMT in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS In this study, miR-506 and SNAI2 mRNA levels were measured in 141 cases of gastric cancer by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expressions of SNAI2 and E-cadherin in 39 cases were validated by immunohistochemical analysis. Next, the associations between their expression levels and clinicopathologic factors were evaluated. In addition, cell proliferation, migration, and luciferase activity of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SNAI2 were analyzed using pre-miR-506 precursor in two human gastric cancer cell lines. RESULTS Low expression of miR-506 was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in both the univariate analysis (P = 0.016) and the multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). Low miR-506 expression was significantly correlated with high SNAI2 expression (P = 0.009) and poorly differentiated type (P = 0.015). In vitro, miR-506 suppressed SNAI2 expression by binding to its 3'UTR, resulting in increased expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.05), verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Pre-miR-506 transfected cells showed significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration (P < 0.05) compared with the control cells. CONCLUSIONS The EMT was directly suppressed by miR-506, and its low expression was an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. The data indicated that miR-506 may act as a tumor suppressor and could be a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sakimura
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keishi Sugimachi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Masami Ueda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hidenari Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Sho Nambara
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hisateru Komatsu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yuki Takano
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Etsuko Sakimura
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shinden
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yugo Oba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sumio Hoka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan.
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31
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Yabusaki N, Yamada S, Murai T, Kanda M, Kobayashi D, Tanaka C, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Nomoto S, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Clinical significance of zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 mRNA levels in peritoneal washing for gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:435-441. [PMID: 25798282 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is an important regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is associated with various types of metastasis. Gastric cancer patients often develop peritoneal carcinomatosis, of which the detection of free cancer cells in the peritoneal washes is an important predictor. We analyzed the correlation of ZEB1 mRNA levels in the peritoneal washing (pZEB1) with clinicopathological variables and survival in 107 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery and peritoneal washing cytology. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify pZEB1. The patients were classified into the pZEB1High (n=27) and the pZEB1Low (n=80) groups based on their pZEB1 expression. pZEB1 was statistically correlated with pathological T stage (P=0.03) and vascular involvement (P=0.03). At 5 years, the disease-specific survival was 36.4% for the pZEB1High group and 64.7% for the pZEB1Low group (P=0.02), whereas the disease-free survival rate was 46.9% for the pZEB1High group and 83.0% for the pZEB1Low group (P=0.03). When subclassified into 4 categories based on washing cytology and pZEB1, survival was significantly lower in the pZEB1High compared to the pZEB1Low group (cytology -negative group, P=0.01; cytology -positive group, P=0.13). Therefore, pZEB1 may add valuable information to conventional peritoneal washing cytology as a prognostic determinant in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Yabusaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Murai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Michitaka Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Ho CM, Hu FW, Lee SS, Shieh TM, Yu CH, Lin SS, Yu CC. ZEB1 as an indicator of tumor recurrence for areca quid chewing-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:693-8. [PMID: 25367287 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and the third most common cancer in developing nation. Most OSCC patients relapse within months after receiving treatment. Therefore, searching the biomarkers of recurrence is urgently required to improve OSCC patient survival. METHODS We set out to explore whether expression of ZEB1 could be triggered in oral epithelial cells (SG and FaDu) by arecoline in vitro. Control and ZEB1-knockdown arecoline-stimulated SG and FaDu were subjected to migration/invasiveness/anchorage-independent growth assay. Primary and recurrent OSCC tissues from areca quid chewers were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR analysis for ZEB1 expression. RESULTS Arecoline led to dose-dependent elevation of ZEB1 expression in SG and FaDu cells. Downregulation of ZEB1 by lentiviral infection significantly reversed arecoline-induced oncogenicity including migration ability, cell invasiveness, and anchorage-independent growth in SG and FaDu cells. Clinically, the level of ZEB1 expression was higher in recurrent OSCC tumor samples but lower in primary lesions. CONCLUSIONS Targeting ZEB1 might offer a new strategy for the treatment of OSCC patients. ZEB1 can serve as a progression and relapse marker in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Ming Ho
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Wei Hu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Overexpression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox factor 1 promotes tumor invasiveness and confers unfavorable prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11977-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Chen F, Zhuang M, Peng J, Wang X, Huang T, Li S, Lin M, Lin H, Xu Y, Li J, Chen Z, Huang Y. Baicalein inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through suppression of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1999-2003. [PMID: 25109410 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway exhibits an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Excessive expression of TGF-β activates Smad4, leading to the upregulation of downstream metastasis-associated genes. Thus, the inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad4 signaling pathway may be a novel strategy for treatment of cancer metastasis. Baicalein, a flavonoid derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to exert strong anti-tumor activity towards various types of cancer. In the present study the effect of baicalein on migration and invasion of cancer cells was evaluated using wound-healing and Transwell assays. In order to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-metastatic effects of baicalein, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analyses were performed to examine the effect on the expression of TGF‑β, Smad4, N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1 and ZEB2. It was determined that baicalein inhibited the migration and invasion of AGS cells by suppressing the TGF-β/Smad4 signaling pathway. In addition, baicalein treatment reduced the expression of the metastasis-associated N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1 and ZEB2, downstream target genes of the TGF‑β/Smad4 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that inhibition of the metastasis of cancer cells via inactivation of TGF-β/Smad4 signaling is one of the mechanisms by which baicalein may treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Mingkai Zhuang
- College of Union Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Sanmei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Manqiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yating Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Murai T, Yamada S, Fuchs BC, Fujii T, Nakayama G, Sugimoto H, Koike M, Fujiwara M, Tanabe KK, Kodera Y. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition predicts prognosis in clinical gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2014; 109:684-9. [PMID: 24453058 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. METHODS The mRNA levels of an epithelial marker (E-cadherin), mesenchymal marker (vimentin), and Zeb-1 were measured in 11 gastric cancer cell lines. Functional analysis was performed using Zeb-1 knockdown. EMT status of 116 gastric cancer patients was determined by calculating the vimentin/E-cadherin mRNA expression ratio in cancerous tissue and the correlation between EMT status, clinicopathological factors, prognosis, and Zeb-1 were analyzed. RESULTS Cell lines were classified as epithelial or mesenchymal. Zeb-1 expression was significantly correlated with the mesenchymal phenotype. Treatment with Zeb-1 siRNA also reduced the capacity to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Patients were classified as epithelial or mesenchymal by V/E ratio (vimentin/E-cadherin ratio) and as Zeb-1 low or high expression group. The mesenchymal group was significantly associated with diffuse type cancer and stage IV. On multivariate analysis, the EMT status (mesenchymal group) was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.022). There was a significant correlation between the V/E ratio and Zeb-1 expression (r = 0.73). Patients in Zeb-1 high group had significantly poorer survival than those in low group (P = 0.0071). CONCLUSIONS EMT is a critical prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Zeb-1 might be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Murai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhuang MK, Chen FL. Biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3204-3210. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i30.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In gastric cancer, metastases are the major cause of death. Understanding the mechanism by which tumor cells invade and metastasize is essential to develop novel treatments for gastric cancer (GC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistage process in which epithelial cells develop into mesenchymal-like cells with a large number of distinct genetic and epigenetic alterations. EMT also occurs in cancer, which endows invasive and metastatic properties upon cancer cells that favor successful colonization of distal target organs. Here, we summarize studies of known EMT biomarkers in the context of GC progression. The biomarkers discussed include cell-surface proteins (E-cadherin and N-cadherin), cytoskeletal proteins (β-catenin and Vimentin), and transcription factors (Snail, Twist, ZEB1 and ZEB2).
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Baud J, Varon C, Chabas S, Chambonnier L, Darfeuille F, Staedel C. Helicobacter pylori initiates a mesenchymal transition through ZEB1 in gastric epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60315. [PMID: 23565224 PMCID: PMC3614934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection provokes an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, at high risk for ulcer and cancer development. The most virulent strains harbor the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) encoding a type 4 secretion system, which allows delivery of bacterial effectors into gastric epithelial cells, inducing pro-inflammatory responses and phenotypic alterations reminiscent of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study characterizes EMT features in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, and investigates their relationship with NF-κB activation. Cultured human gastric epithelial cell lines were challenged with a cagPAI+ H. pylori strain or cag isogenic mutants. Morphological changes, epithelial and mesenchymal gene expression and EMT-related microRNAs were studied. H. pylori up-regulates mesenchymal markers, including ZEB1. This transcription factor is prominently involved in the mesenchymal transition of infected cells and its up-regulation depends on cagPAI and NF-κB activation. ZEB1 expression and NF-κB activation were confirmed by immunohistochemistry in gastric mucosa from cagPAI+ H. pylori-infected patients. Gastric epithelial cell lines express high miR-200 levels, which are linked to ZEB1 in a reciprocal negative feedback loop and maintain their epithelial phenotype in non-infected conditions. However, miR-200b/c were increased upon infection, despite ZEB1 up-regulation and mesenchymal morphology. In the miR-200b-200a-429 cluster promoter, we identified a functional NF-κB binding site, recruiting NF-κB upon infection and trans-activating the microRNA cluster transcription. In conclusion, in gastric epithelial cells, cagPAI+ H. pylori activates NF-κB, which transactivates ZEB1, subsequently promoting mesenchymal transition. The unexpected N-FκB-dependent increase of miR-200 levels likely thwarts the irreversible loss of epithelial identity in that critical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Baud
- University Bordeaux, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U869, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Varon
- University Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U853, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Chabas
- University Bordeaux, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U869, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Chambonnier
- University Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U853, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Darfeuille
- University Bordeaux, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U869, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail: (CS); (FD)
| | - Cathy Staedel
- University Bordeaux, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U869, ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail: (CS); (FD)
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Zhang GJ, Zhou T, Tian HP, Liu ZL, Xia SS. High expression of ZEB1 correlates with liver metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2012; 5:564-568. [PMID: 23420790 PMCID: PMC3573155 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) has been shown to promote invasion and metastasis in several types of human cancer and to have a prognostic role in certain cancers. However, the clinical significance of ZEB1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to address this issue. In this study, we compared the expression of ZEB1 between CRC tissues and normal adjacent mucosa using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The association of ZEB1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by appropriate statistical analyses. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association of ZEB1 expression with survival of patients. The results showed that the relative expression levels of ZEB1 were significantly higher in CRC tissues compared to the normal adjacent mucosa and higher expression of ZEB1 correlated with liver metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high ZEB1 had a poor overall survival. Moreover, the multivariate analysis showed that high expression of ZEB1 was an independent predictor of overall survival. Our data indicate the potential of ZEB1 as a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jun Zhang
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
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Sánchez-Tilló E, Liu Y, de Barrios O, Siles L, Fanlo L, Cuatrecasas M, Darling DS, Dean DC, Castells A, Postigo A. EMT-activating transcription factors in cancer: beyond EMT and tumor invasiveness. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3429-56. [PMID: 22945800 PMCID: PMC11115078 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic changes that eventually result in the activation of oncogenic pathways and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor signals. During cancer progression, cancer cells acquire a number of hallmarks that promote tumor growth and invasion. A crucial mechanism by which carcinoma cells enhance their invasive capacity is the dissolution of intercellular adhesions and the acquisition of a more motile mesenchymal phenotype as part of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although many transcription factors can trigger it, the full molecular reprogramming occurring during an EMT is mainly orchestrated by three major groups of transcription factors: the ZEB, Snail and Twist families. Upregulated expression of these EMT-activating transcription factors (EMT-ATFs) promotes tumor invasiveness in cell lines and xenograft mice models and has been associated with poor clinical prognosis in human cancers. Evidence accumulated in the last few years indicates that EMT-ATFs also regulate an expanding set of cancer cell capabilities beyond tumor invasion. Thus, EMT-ATFs have been shown to cooperate in oncogenic transformation, regulate cancer cell stemness, override safeguard programs against cancer like apoptosis and senescence, determine resistance to chemotherapy and promote tumor angiogenesis. This article reviews the expanding portfolio of functions played by EMT-ATFs in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Sánchez-Tilló
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERehd (Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology), IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yongqing Liu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Birth Defects Center, Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Oriol de Barrios
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Siles
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Fanlo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Master Program in Biomedical Research, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS’ Tumor Bank, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas S. Darling
- Department of Oral Health and Rehabilitation, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Douglas C. Dean
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Birth Defects Center, Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Antoni Castells
- CIBERehd (Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology), IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERehd (Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology), IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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