1
|
Cell-based drug delivery systems and their in vivo fate. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114394. [PMID: 35718252 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have received attention recently because of their unique biological properties and self-powered functions, such as excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, long circulation time, tissue-homingcharacteristics, and ability to cross biological barriers. A variety of cells, including erythrocytes, stem cells, and lymphocytes, have been explored as functional vectors for the loading and delivery of various therapeutic payloads (e.g., small-molecule and nucleic acid drugs) for subsequent disease treatment. These cell-based DDSs have their own unique in vivo fates, which are attributed to various factors, including their biological properties and functions, the loaded drugs and loading process, physiological and pathological circumstances, and the body's response to these carrier cells, which result in differences in drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarize the main cell-based DDSs and their biological properties and functions, applications in drug delivery and disease treatment, and in vivo fate and influencing factors. We envision that the unique biological properties, combined with continuing research, will enable development of cell-based DDSs as friendly drug vectors for the safe, effective, and even personalized treatment of diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ou H, Hoffmann R, González‐López C, Doherty GJ, Korkola JE, Muñoz‐Espín D. Cellular senescence in cancer: from mechanisms to detection. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2634-2671. [PMID: 32981205 PMCID: PMC8486596 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence refers to a cellular state featuring a stable cell-cycle arrest triggered in response to stress. This response also involves other distinct morphological and intracellular changes including alterations in gene expression and epigenetic modifications, elevated macromolecular damage, metabolism deregulation and a complex pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. The initial demonstration of oncogene-induced senescence in vitro established senescence as an important tumour-suppressive mechanism, in addition to apoptosis. Senescence not only halts the proliferation of premalignant cells but also facilitates the clearance of affected cells through immunosurveillance. Failure to clear senescent cells owing to deficient immunosurveillance may, however, lead to a state of chronic inflammation that nurtures a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment favouring cancer initiation, migration and metastasis. In addition, senescence is a response to post-therapy genotoxic stress. Therefore, tracking the emergence of senescent cells becomes pivotal to detect potential pro-tumorigenic events. Current protocols for the in vivo detection of senescence require the analysis of fixed or deep-frozen tissues, despite a significant clinical need for real-time bioimaging methods. Accuracy and efficiency of senescence detection are further hampered by a lack of universal and more specific senescence biomarkers. Recently, in an attempt to overcome these hurdles, an assortment of detection tools has been developed. These strategies all have significant potential for clinical utilisation and include flow cytometry combined with histo- or cytochemical approaches, nanoparticle-based targeted delivery of imaging contrast agents, OFF-ON fluorescent senoprobes, positron emission tomography senoprobes and analysis of circulating SASP factors, extracellular vesicles and cell-free nucleic acids isolated from plasma. Here, we highlight the occurrence of senescence in neoplasia and advanced tumours, assess the impact of senescence on tumorigenesis and discuss how the ongoing development of senescence detection tools might improve early detection of multiple cancers and response to therapy in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Ling Ou
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection ProgrammeDepartment of OncologyHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Reuben Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKnight Cancer InstituteOHSU Center for Spatial Systems BiomedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Cristina González‐López
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection ProgrammeDepartment of OncologyHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Gary J. Doherty
- Department of OncologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge Biomedical CampusUK
| | - James E. Korkola
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKnight Cancer InstituteOHSU Center for Spatial Systems BiomedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Daniel Muñoz‐Espín
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection ProgrammeDepartment of OncologyHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghai A, Fettig N, Fontana F, DiPersio J, Rettig M, Neal JO, Achilefu S, Shoghi KI, Shokeen M. In vivo quantitative assessment of therapeutic response to bortezomib therapy in disseminated animal models of multiple myeloma with [ 18F]FDG and [ 64Cu]Cu-LLP2A PET. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:97. [PMID: 34586539 PMCID: PMC8481408 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow. Imaging-based timely determination of therapeutic response is critical for improving outcomes in MM patients. Very late antigen-4 (VLA4, CD49d/CD29) is overexpressed in MM cells. Here, we evaluated [18F]FDG and VLA4 targeted [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A for quantitative PET imaging in disseminated MM models of variable VLA4 expression, following bortezomib therapy. Methods In vitro and ex vivo VLA4 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Human MM cells, MM.1S-CG and U266-CG (C: luciferase and G: green fluorescent protein), were injected intravenously in NOD-SCID gamma mice. Tumor progression was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Treatment group received bortezomib (1 mg/kg, twice/week) intraperitoneally. All cohorts (treated, untreated and no tumor) were longitudinally imaged with [18F]FDG (7.4–8.0 MBq) and [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A (2–3 MBq; Molar Activity: 44.14 ± 1.40 MBq/nmol) PET, respectively. Results Flow cytometry confirmed high expression of CD49d in U266 cells (> 99%) and moderate expression in MM.1S cells (~ 52%). BLI showed decrease in total body flux in treated mice. In MM.1S-CG untreated versus treated mice, [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A localized with a significantly higher SUVmean in spine (0.58 versus 0.31, p < 0.01) and femur (0.72 versus 0.39, p < 0.05) at week 4 post-tumor inoculation. There was a four-fold higher uptake of [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A (SUVmean) in untreated U266-CG mice compared to treated mice at 3 weeks post-treatment. Compared to [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A, [18F]FDG PET detected treatment-related changes at later time points. Conclusion [64Cu]Cu-LLP2A is a promising tracer for timely in vivo assessment of therapeutic response in disseminated models of MM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13550-021-00840-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Ghai
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nikki Fettig
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mike Rettig
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie O Neal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, 2nd floor, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lechermann LM, Lau D, Attili B, Aloj L, Gallagher FA. In Vivo Cell Tracking Using PET: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation in Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4042. [PMID: 34439195 PMCID: PMC8392745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field involving a wide spectrum of therapeutic cells for personalised medicine in cancer. In vivo imaging and tracking of cells can provide useful information for improving the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of cell therapies. This review focuses on radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive detection and tracking of therapeutic cells using positron emission tomography (PET). A range of approaches for imaging therapeutic cells is discussed: Direct ex vivo labelling of cells, in vivo indirect labelling of cells by utilising gene reporters, and detection of specific antigens expressed on the target cells using antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals (immuno-PET). This review examines the evaluation of PET imaging methods for therapeutic cell tracking in preclinical cancer models, their role in the translation into patients, first-in-human studies, as well as the translational challenges involved and how they can be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Lechermann
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Luigi Aloj
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (B.A.); (L.A.); (F.A.G.)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong Y, Liu C, Zhou Y, Qi J, Zhang C, Sun B, Wang J, Guan Y. Progress of RAGE Molecular Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:227. [PMID: 32848706 PMCID: PMC7417350 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by senile plaques (SPs), which are caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormal hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) binds to advanced glycation end products deposited during vascular dysfunction. Alzheimer’s disease may occur when RAGE binds to Aβ and releases reactive oxygen species, further exacerbating Aβ deposition and eventually leading to SPs and NFTs. As it is involved in early AD, RAGE may be considered as a more potent biomarker than Aβ. Positron emission tomography provides valuable information regarding the underlying pathological processes of AD many years before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Thus, to further reveal the role of RAGE in AD pathology and for early diagnosis of AD, a tracer that targets RAGE is needed. In this review, we first describe the early diagnosis of AD and then summarize the interaction between RAGE and Aβ and Tau that is required to induce AD pathology, and finally focus on RAGE-targeting probes, highlighting the potential of RAGE to be used as an effective target. The development of RAGE probes is expected to aid in AD diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Kong
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxuan Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|