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Schol J, Ambrosio L, Tamagawa S, Joyce K, Ruiz-Fernández C, Nomura A, Sakai D. Enzymatic chemonucleolysis for lumbar disc herniation-an assessment of historical and contemporary efficacy and safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12846. [PMID: 38834631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is often managed surgically. Enzymatic chemonucleolysis emerged as a non-surgical alternative. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of chemonucleolytic enzymes for LDH. The primary objective is to evaluate efficacy through "treatment success" (i.e., pain reduction) and severe adverse events (SAEs) rates. Additionally, differences in efficacy and safety trends among chemonucleolytic enzymes are explored. Following our PROSPERO registered protocol (CRD42023451546) and PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted up to July 18, 2023. Inclusion criteria involved human LDH treatment with enzymatic chemonucleolysis reagents, assessing pain alleviation, imaging changes, and reporting on SAEs, with focus on allergic reactions. Quality assessment employed the Cochrane Source of Bias and MINORS tools. Meta-analysis utilized odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 62 included studies (12,368 patients), chemonucleolysis demonstrated an 79% treatment success rate and significantly outperformed placebo controls (OR 3.35, 95% CI 2.41-4.65) and scored similar to surgical interventions (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.20-2.10). SAEs occurred in 1.4% of cases, with slightly higher rates in chymopapain cohorts. No significant differences in "proceeding to surgery" rates were observed between chemonucleolysis and control cohorts. Limitations include dated and heterogeneous studies, emphasizing the need for higher-quality trials. Further optimization through careful patient selection and advances in therapy implementation may further enhance outcomes. The observed benefits call for wider clinical exploration and adoption. No funding was received for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kieran Joyce
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Akira Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
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Schol J, Tamagawa S, Volleman TNE, Ishijima M, Sakai D. A comprehensive review of cell transplantation and platelet-rich plasma therapy for the treatment of disc degeneration-related back and neck pain: A systematic evidence-based analysis. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1348. [PMID: 38919468 PMCID: PMC11196836 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) and neck pain predominate as the primary causes of disability. Cell- and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products are potential therapies with clinical trials and reviews promoting their efficacy. Nonetheless, they frequently disregard the clinical significance of reported improvements. In this systematic review, the effectuated improvements in pain, disability, quality of life (QoL), and radiographic images are comprehensively described and scored on their clinical significance. An electronic database literature search was conducted on July 2023 for in-human assessment of cell or PRP products to alleviate discogenic pain. Papers were screened on quantitative pain, disability, QoL, radiographic improvements, and safety outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed through MINORS and Cochrane Source of Bias tools. Reported outcomes were obtained, calculated, and assessed to meet minimal clinically important difference (MCID) standards. From 7623 screened papers, a total of 80 articles met the eligibility criteria, presenting 68 specific studies. These presented at least 1974 treated patients. Overall, cell/PRP injections could alleviate pain and disability, resulting in MCID for pain and disability in up to a 2-year follow-up, similar to those observed in patients undergoing spinal fusion. Included trials predominantly presented high levels of bias, involved heterogeneous study designs, and only a minimal number of randomized controlled trials. Nonetheless, a clear clinically significant impact was observed for cell- and PRP-treated cohorts with overall good safety profiles. These results highlight a strong therapeutic potential but also underline the need for future cost-effectiveness assessments to determine the benefits of cell/PRP treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
- Tokai University Center of Regenerative MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor OrganJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor OrganJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
- Tokai University Center of Regenerative MedicineIseharaJapan
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Agostinacchio F, Fitzpatrick V, Dirè S, Kaplan DL, Motta A. Silk fibroin-based inks for in situ 3D printing using a double crosslinking process. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:122-134. [PMID: 38312518 PMCID: PMC10837071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The shortage of tissues and organs for transplantation is an urgent clinical concern. In situ 3D printing is an advanced 3D printing technique aimed at printing the new tissue or organ directly in the patient. The ink for this process is central to the outcomes, and must meet specific requirements such as rapid gelation, shape integrity, stability over time, and adhesion to surrounding healthy tissues. Among natural materials, silk fibroin exhibits fascinating properties that have made it widely studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, further improvements in silk fibroin inks are needed to match the requirements for in situ 3D printing. In the present study, silk fibroin-based inks were developed for in situ applications by exploiting covalent crosslinking process consisting of a pre-photo-crosslinking prior to printing and in situ enzymatic crosslinking. Two different silk fibroin molecular weights were characterized and the synergistic effect of the covalent bonds with shear forces enhanced the shift in silk secondary structure toward β-sheets, thus, rapid stabilization. These hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties, stability over time, and resistance to enzymatic degradation over 14 days, with no significant changes over time in their secondary structure and swelling behavior. Additionally, adhesion to tissues in vitro was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agostinacchio
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Materials Chemistry Group & “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Spessot E, Passuello S, Shah LV, Maniglio D, Motta A. Nanocomposite Methacrylated Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:218. [PMID: 38667229 PMCID: PMC11048339 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects is a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering is gaining interest as an alternative to current treatments, with the development of 3D porous structures (scaffolds) helpful in promoting bone regeneration by ensuring temporary functional support. In this work, methacrylated silk fibroin (SilMA) sponges were investigated as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by exploiting the combination of physical (induced by NaCl salt during particulate leaching) and chemical crosslinking (induced by UV-light exposure) techniques. A biomimetic approach was adopted to better simulate the extracellular matrix of the bone by introducing either natural (mussel shell-derived) or synthetic-origin hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the SilMA sponges. The obtained materials were characterized in terms of pore size, water absorption capability and mechanical properties to understand both the effect of the inclusion of the two different types of nanoparticles and the effect of the photocrosslinking. Moreover, the SilMA sponges were tested for their bioactivity and suitability for bone tissue engineering purposes by using osteosarcoma cells, studying their metabolism by an AlamarBlue assay and their morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that photocrosslinking helps in obtaining more regular structures with bimodal pore size distributions and in enhancing the stability of the constructs in water. Moreover, the addition of naturally derived hydroxyapatite was observed to be more effective at activating osteosarcoma cell metabolism than synthetic hydroxyapatite, showing a statistically significant difference in the AlamarBlue measurement on day 7 after seeding. The methacrylated silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite sponges developed in this work were found to be promising tools for targeting bone regeneration with a sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Spessot
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Passuello
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Lekha Vinod Shah
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Branković M, Zivic F, Grujovic N, Stojadinovic I, Milenkovic S, Kotorcevic N. Review of Spider Silk Applications in Biomedical and Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:169. [PMID: 38534854 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review will present the latest research related to the production and application of spider silk and silk-based materials in reconstructive and regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, with a focus on musculoskeletal tissues, and including skin regeneration and tissue repair of bone and cartilage, ligaments, muscle tissue, peripheral nerves, and artificial blood vessels. Natural spider silk synthesis is reviewed, and the further recombinant production of spider silk proteins. Research insights into possible spider silk structures, like fibers (1D), coatings (2D), and 3D constructs, including porous structures, hydrogels, and organ-on-chip designs, have been reviewed considering a design of bioactive materials for smart medical implants and drug delivery systems. Silk is one of the toughest natural materials, with high strain at failure and mechanical strength. Novel biomaterials with silk fibroin can mimic the tissue structure and promote regeneration and new tissue growth. Silk proteins are important in designing tissue-on-chip or organ-on-chip technologies and micro devices for the precise engineering of artificial tissues and organs, disease modeling, and the further selection of adequate medical treatments. Recent research indicates that silk (films, hydrogels, capsules, or liposomes coated with silk proteins) has the potential to provide controlled drug release at the target destination. However, even with clear advantages, there are still challenges that need further research, including clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Branković
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Fatima Zivic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Grujovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stojadinovic
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Strahinja Milenkovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kotorcevic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Liceja Knezevine Srbije 1A, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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John VL, Nayana AR, Keerthi TR, K A AK, Sasidharan BCP, T P V. Mulberry Leaves (Morus Rubra)-Derived Blue-Emissive Carbon Dots Fed to Silkworms to Produce Augmented Silk Applicable for the Ratiometric Detection of Dopamine. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300081. [PMID: 37097218 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibers (SF) reeled from silkworms are constituted by natural proteins, and their characteristic structural features render them applicable as materials for textiles and packaging. Modification of SF with functional materials can facilitate their applications in additional areas. In this work, the preparation of functional SF embedded with carbon dots (CD) is reported through the direct feeding of a CD-modified diet to silkworms. Fluorescent and mechanically robust SF are obtained from silkworms (Bombyx mori) that are fed on CDs synthesized from the Morus rubra variant of mulberry leaves (MB-CDs). MB-CDs are introduced to silkworms from the third instar by spraying them on the silkworm feed, the mulberry leaves. MB-CDs are synthesized hydrothermally without adding surface passivating agents and are observed to have a quantum yield of 22%. With sizes of ≈4 nm, MB-CDs exhibited blue fluorescence, and they can be used as efficient fluorophores to detect Dopamine (DA) up to the limit of 4.39 nM. The nanostructures and physical characteristics of SF weren't altered when the SF are infused with MB-CDs. Also, a novel DA sensing application based on fluorescence with the MB-CD incorporated SF is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Lisa John
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - A R Nayana
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D Hills (P.O), Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - T R Keerthi
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D Hills (P.O), Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Athira Krishnan K A
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - B C P Sasidharan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682022, India
| | - Vinod T P
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
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Croft AS, Ćorluka S, Fuhrer J, Wöltje M, Silva-Correia J, Oliveira JM, Erbach GF, Reis RL, Gantenbein B. Repairing Annulus Fibrosus Fissures Using Methacrylated Gellan Gum Combined with Novel Silk. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3173. [PMID: 37110008 PMCID: PMC10146841 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation often causes severe pain and is frequently associated with the degeneration of the IVD. As the IVD degenerates, more fissures with increasing size appear within the outer region of the IVD, the annulus fibrosus (AF), favoring the initiation and progression of IVD herniation. For this reason, we propose an AF repair approach based on methacrylated gellan gum (GG-MA) and silk fibroin. Therefore, coccygeal bovine IVDs were injured using a biopsy puncher (⌀ 2 mm) and then repaired with 2% GG-MA as a filler material and sealed with an embroidered silk yarn fabric. Then, the IVDs were cultured for 14 days either without any load, static loading, or complex dynamic loading. After 14 days of culture, no significant differences were found between the damaged and repaired IVDs, except for a significant decrease in the IVDs' relative height under dynamic loading. Based on our findings combined with the current literature that focuses on ex vivo AF repair approaches, we conclude that it is likely that the repair approach did not fail but rather insufficient harm was done to the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S. Croft
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.C.); (S.Ć.); (J.F.)
| | - Slavko Ćorluka
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.C.); (S.Ć.); (J.F.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Janine Fuhrer
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.C.); (S.Ć.); (J.F.)
| | - Michael Wöltje
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.S.-C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.S.-C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Georg F. Erbach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.S.-C.); (J.M.O.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.C.); (S.Ć.); (J.F.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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