Determination of the purity of phenoxymethylpenicillin by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography on a monolithic silica column

Quantitative Analysis of Polysaccharide Composition in Polyporus umbellatus by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS

Polyporus umbellatus is a well-known and important medicinal fungus in Asia. Its polysaccharides possess interesting bioactivities such as antitumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. A qualitative and quantitative method has been established for the analysis of 12 monosaccharides comprising polysaccharides of Polyporus umbellatus based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–ion trap–time of flight–mass spectrometry. The hydrolysis conditions of the polysaccharides were optimized by orthogonal design. The results of optimized hydrolysis were as follows: neutral sugars and uronic acids 4 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 6 h, 120 °C; and amino sugars 3 mol/L TFA, 3 h, 100 °C. The resulting monosaccharides derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone have been well separated and analyzed by the established method. Identification of the monosaccharides was carried out by analyzing the mass spectral behaviors and chromatography characteristics of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeled monosaccharides. The results showed that polysaccharides in Polyporus umbellatus were composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, ribose, lyxose, erythrose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose. Quantitative recoveries of these monosaccharides in the samples were in the range of 96.10–103.70%. This method is simple, accurate, and sensitive for the identification and quantification of monosaccharides, and can be applied to the quality control of Polyporusumbellatus as a natural medicine.

Latex-Coated Polymeric Monolithic Ion-Exchange Stationary Phases. 2. Micro-Ion Chromatography

Latex-coated monolithic polymeric stationary phases are used for micro-ion chromatography (mu-IC) of inorganic anions. Monolithic columns were prepared by the in situ polymerization of butyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid within fused-silica capillaries of varying internal diameters. Introduction of ion-exchange sites was achieved by coating the anionic polymeric monolith with either Dionex AS10 or Dionex AS18 quaternary ammonium functionalized latex particles to give total ion-exchange capacities in the range 9-24 nequiv for a 30-cm column. The resultant mu-IC columns were used for the separation of anionic analytes using chloride or acetate as the eluent-competing ion and direct UV spectrophotometric detection at 195 nm or using hydroxide as the eluent-competing ion and suppressed or nonsuppressed contactless conductivity detection. Separation efficiencies of 13,000 plates/m were observed (for iodate), and separation efficiency was maintained for large increases in flow rate (up to 42 microL/min, corresponding to a linear flow velocity of 18.5 mm/s), enabling highly reproducible, rapid separations to be achieved (seven analyte anions in less than 2 min). Use of a hollow fiber micromembrane suppressor enabled effective suppression of hydroxide eluents over the range 0.5-5.0 mM, thereby permitting suppressed conductivity detection to be performed. However, the relatively large size of the suppressor resulted in reduced separation efficiencies (e.g., 5400 plates/m for iodate). Detection limits obtained with suppressed conductivity detection were in the range 0.4-1.2 microM.

Determination of the purity of ampicillin by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography on a monolithic silica column

A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method and a fast reversed-phase liquid chromatographic one have been developed for determining the purity of ampicillin. MEKC separation of ampicillin and its related substances was performed with the use of an untreated fused-silica capillary and 40 mM phosphate-borate buffer, pH 7.5 containing 75 mM SDS. The HPLC method employed a monolithic silica C18 column and a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer, pH 5.2 and ACN, the flow rate being 4.0 mL/min. Both methods were successfully validated. Linearity, relative response factors, limits of quantitation, intermediate precision, and accuracy were evaluated. The methods proved to be fast, reliable, and sufficiently sensitive and, accordingly, well-suited for control of purity of ampicillin substance, injections, and capsules. A combination of both methods can be very useful in the confirmation of impurity profiles.