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Lan T, He S, Luo X, Pi Z, Lai W, Jiang C, Gan J, Wei S, Wu Z, Yun C, Leng J, Li C. Disruption of NADPH homeostasis by total flavonoids from Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li leaves triggers ROS-dependent p53 activation leading to apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118340. [PMID: 38762212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li leaves serve as a herbal tea and hold a significant role in traditional Chinese medicine, being applied to assist in tumor treatment. Flavonoids present the primary bioactive constituents in Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li leaves. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the potential of total flavonoids from Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li Leaves (TFAN) in inhibiting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human NSCLC cell lines and normal lung cell line were employed to assess the impact of TFAN (0-160 μg/mL for 24, 28 and 72 h) on cell proliferation in vitro. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining gauged p53 expression changes in NSCLC cells under TFAN present condition (150 μg/mL for 24 h). In vivo study utilized NSCLC cell derived xenograft tumors in nude mice, administering TFAN orally (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days. Immunohistochemistry assessed Cleaved Caspase 3 expression change in A549 xenograft tumors treated with TFAN (400 mg/kg for 14 days). RNA-seq and KEGG analysis identified gene expression changes and enriched processes in A549 xenograft tumors treated with TFAN. CM-H2DCFDA and metabolomics assessed ROS level and GSH/GSSG pool changes in A549 cells under TFAN present condition. Cell viability assay and IF staining assessed A549 cell proliferation and p53 expression changes under H2O2-induced oxidative stress (0-40 μM for 24 h) and TFAN present conditions. GSEA and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) rescue (0-1 μM for 24 h) analyzed the impact of TFAN on GSH de novo synthesis. NADPH/NADP+ pool measurement and NADPH rescue (0-10 μM for 24 h) analyzed the impact of TFAN on GSH salvage synthesis. GC-FID and HPLC-MS were utilized to detect ethanol and ethyl acetate residues, and to characterize the chemical constituents in TFAN, respectively. The total flavonoid content of TFAN was determined using a 330 nm wavelength. RESULTS TFAN significantly inhibited A549 cells (wild-type p53) but not NCI-H1299 cells (p53-deficient), NCI-H596 cells (p53-mutant) or BEAS-2B in vitro. IF staining validated p53 genotype for the cell lines and revealed an increase in p53 expression in A549 cells after TFAN treatment. In vivo, TFAN selectively inhibited A549 xenograft tumor growth without discernible toxicity, inducing apoptosis evidenced by Cleaved Caspase 3 upregulation. RNA-seq and KEGG analysis suggested ROS biosynthesis was involved in TFAN-induced p53 activation in A549 cells. Elevated ROS level in TFAN-treated A549 cells were observed. Moreover, TFAN sensitized A549 cells to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, with higher p53 expression. Additionally, A549 cells compensated with GSH de novo synthesis under TFAN present condition, confirmed by GSEA and NAC rescue experiment. TFAN disrupted NADPH homeostasis to impair GSH salvage biosynthesis, supported by NADPH/NADP+ change and NADPH rescue experiment. The chemical constituents of TFAN, with acceptable limits for ethanol and ethyl acetate residues and a total flavonoid content of 68.87%, included Catechin, Epicatechin, Quercitroside, Camellianin A, and Apigenin. CONCLUSION The disruption of NADPH homeostasis by TFAN triggers ROS-dependent p53 activation that leads to apoptotic cell death, ultimately suppressing NSCLC growth. These findings offer potential therapeutic implications of Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li leaves in combating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijin Lan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Translational Medicine of Guangxi High Incidence Infectious Diseases, Nanning 530200, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Songhua He
- Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xuefei Luo
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zhenyu Pi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Weihui Lai
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jun Gan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Suyun Wei
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Chenxia Yun
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Translational Medicine of Guangxi High Incidence Infectious Diseases, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Jing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Translational Medicine of Guangxi High Incidence Infectious Diseases, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Changlong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Przybylska A, Gackowski M, Koba M. Application of Capillary Electrophoresis to the Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Herbal Raw Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:2135. [PMID: 33917716 PMCID: PMC8068163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The article is a summary of scientific reports from the last 16 years (2005-2021) on the use of capillary electrophoresis to analyze polyphenolic compounds, coumarins, amino acids, and alkaloids in teas or different parts of plants used to prepare aqueous infusions, commonly known as "tea" or decoctions. This literature review is based on PRISMA guidelines and articles selected in base of criteria carried out using PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study type). The analysis showed that over 60% of articles included in this manuscript comes from China. The literature review shows that for the selective electrophoretic separation of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, the most frequently used capillary electromigration technique is capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. Nevertheless, the use of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry allows for the sensitive determination of analytes with a lower limit of detection and gives hope for routine use in the analysis of functional foods. Moreover, using the modifications in electrochemical techniques allows methods sensitivity reduction along with the reduction of analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Przybylska
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2 Street, PL-85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.G.); (M.K.)
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Zasada-Kłodzińska D, Basiul E, Buszewski B, Szumski M. Analysis of Natural Dyes from Historical Objects by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Electromigration Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:411-444. [PMID: 32295403 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1743640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Based on material published between 1989 and 2018 in this paper high performance liquid chromatography and electromigration techniques used in studies of natural dyes that can be found in historical objects are rewieved. Different aspects of analysis have been discussed: the stationary and mobile phase, the choice of sample solvent, methods of extraction and detection, including sensitivity parameters, such as LOD and/or LOQ. The discussed dyes have been divided into three categories (a) red antraquinone dyes along with dyes extracted from bark and tree juices, (b) yellow flavonoid dyes and saffron and (c) blue indigoid dyes. The main markers (chromophores or auxochromes) typical for each dye source were presented which allows to identify specific species of source plants and animals. The first part of the study involved the analysis of most critical findings when it comes to HPLC or represented an significant analytical approach. The second part of the study is focused on different aspects of electromigration techniques application in analysis of natural dyes with special attention paid on such parameters as the running buffer/mobile phase composition and sample solvent. Detection methods along with LOD and LOQ comparison in HPLC and electromigration techniques were also discussed. Methods of sample preparation, such as hydrolysis and extraction, used in HPLC and electromigration techniques were also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Zasada-Kłodzińska
- Faculty of Fine Arts, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.,Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Basiul
- Faculty of Fine Arts, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.,Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Szumski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.,Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Aydoğan C, Gökaltun A, Denizli A, El Rassi Z. Biochromatographic applications of polymethacrylate monolithic columns used in electro- and liquid phase-separationsΨ. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1462204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Chen Y, Chen G, Fu X, Liu RH. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of different varieties of Adinandra Tea (Adinandra Jack). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:169-176. [PMID: 25494237 DOI: 10.1021/jf503700v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of plant foods has been negatively associated with the risk of developing chronic diseases, which is partly attributed to their rich and diverse phytochemicals. To promote the rational and effective application of Adinandra tea (Adinandra Jack), a traditional Chinese tea (Shiyacha) widely consumed as a health beverage, the complete phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of four varieties of Adinandra tea were analyzed. They were rich in phenolics and flavonoids, ranging from 71.29 to 140.54 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g and from 19.13 to 88.72 mg of catechin equivalent/g, respectively. Their antioxidant capacities were high, as revealed by oxygen radical absorbance capacity, peroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. An obvious antiproliferation effect was observed in HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, with EC50 ranging from 1.05 to 6.44 mg/mL and from 2.26 to 8.02 mg/mL, respectively. Among the four varieties compared, Nitida and Millettii had a higher CAA value and antiproliferation activity, while Latifolia contained considerable bound phenolics.
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Zhao J, Deng J, Chen Y, Li S. Advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in China. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:2-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aydoğan C, Denizli A. Preparation and electrochromatographic characterization of methacrylate-based weak cation exchange columns for capillary electrochromatography. Analyst 2013; 138:2118-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36377e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aydoğan C, Tuncel A, Denizli A. Polymethacrylate-based monolithic capillary column with weak cation exchange functionalities for capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1010-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Chemistry; Biochemistry division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry; Biochemistry division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
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Pieters S, Tistaert C, Alaerts G, Bodzioch K, Mangelings D, Dejaegher B, Rivière C, Nguyen Hoai N, Chau Van M, Quetin-Leclerq J, Vander Heyden Y. Pressurized capillary electrochromatography in a screening for possible antioxidant molecules in Mallotus fingerprints: Challenges, potentials and prospects. Talanta 2011; 83:1188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Karenga S, El Rassi Z. Trends in nonpolar polymer-based monolithic columns for reversed-phase capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:90-104. [PMID: 21171116 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review article is concerned with describing the various strategies that have been introduced for the preparation of nonpolar polymer-based monolithic columns for RP-CEC. First, the various traditional ways of generating the EOF that involved the introduction of fixed charges on the surface of the monoliths are reviewed. This is followed by a description of the development of neutral monoliths as the most promising monoliths for the separation of a wide range of neutral and charged species at a relatively moderate to strong EOF in the absence of electrostatic attraction or repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Karenga
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Abstract
Although there are many publications related to technological or methodological developments of CEC, few focus on the analysis of natural products, especially phytochemical bioactive compounds. This review summarized the application of CEC in the analysis of phytochemical bioactive components, including flavonoids, nucleosides, steroids, lignans, quinones and coumarins, as well as fingerprint analysis of herbs. The strategies for optimization of CEC conditions and detection were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-qing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Ganzera M, Nischang I, Siegl C, Senzenberger B, Svec F, Stuppner H. Application of MEKC and monolithic CEC for the analysis of bioactive naphthoquinones inEleutherine americana. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3757-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Wang S, Jia L, Chen D. Pressurized CEC with gradient elution for separation of flavonoids from corn. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:388-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen XJ, Ji H, Wang YT, Li SP. Simultaneous determination of seven flavonoids in Epimedium using pressurized liquid extraction and capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:881-7. [PMID: 18293424 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii (known as Yinyanghuo in China) is one of the commonly used Chinese medicines. Flavonoids are considered as its active components. In this study, a CEC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven flavonoids, including hexandraside E, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, hexandraside F, icariin, epimedin A, B, and C, in Epimedium using baicalein as internal standard (IS). The influence of relevant parameters such as buffer concentration, pH, and proportion of ACN was investigated and optimized. Baseline separation was obtained using a Hypersil C18 capillary (3 microm, 100 microm/25 cm) with a mixture of 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)/ACN (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase running at 30 kV and 25 degrees C in 20 min. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 >0.9992) within test ranges. The LOD and LOQ were lower than 8.6 and 42.8 microg/mL, respectively. The RSDs of intra- and interday for relative peak areas of seven analytes were less than 3.1 and 4.4%, and the recoveries were 95.2-103.3%. Samples of different Epimedium species were analyzed using the validated method, which is useful for quality control of Epimedium and its medical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jia Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Stalikas CD. Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:3268-95. [PMID: 18069740 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared over the past two decades. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated and extensive overview of methods and their applications in natural product matrices and samples of biological origin. In addition, it critically appraises recent developments and trends, and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.
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Smith NW, Jiang Z. Developments in the use and fabrication of organic monolithic phases for use with high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:416-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu EH, Qi LW, Cao J, Li P, Li CY, Peng YB. Advances of modern chromatographic and electrophoretic methods in separation and analysis of flavonoids. Molecules 2008; 13:2521-44. [PMID: 18927516 PMCID: PMC6245463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites, are widespread in vegetable crops such as herbs, fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds and derived foods such as juices, wines, oils, etc. They receive considerable attention due to their biological and physiological importance. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of flavonoids have appeared over the past decade. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the recent development and trends of separation, identification and quantification for flavonoids by modern chromatographic and spectrophotometric analytical techniques, including gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The sample preparation before analysis is also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Hu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines-China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Abstract
In this review, an overview of CEC and EKC methods with their developments are summarized for different natural compounds. It is divided into three main parts. The first part elaborates the separation of lipophilic compounds without any charged groups. The second part constitutes CEC and EKC of lipophilic compounds containing ionizable functional groups whereas the third part contains hydrophilic compounds. Packed, monolithic, coated, or raw fused-silica (FS) capillaries are among the choice for stationary phases. Applications of these phases on the above-mentioned three classes of compounds, coupled with different detection methods, e.g. MS or LIF, are explored and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Scherz
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhu G, Zhang L, Yuan H, Liang Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Recent development of monolithic materials as matrices in microcolumn separation systems. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:792-803. [PMID: 17536723 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of monolithic materials, including both organic and inorganic polymers, according mainly to the papers published in the past two years. Due to their good permeability, fast mass transfer, high stability, and their ease of modification, such materials have been widely used in microcolumn separation systems, not only as stationary phases for CEC and capillary HPLC, but also as substances for sample concentration and enzyme reactor. All the research results demonstrate that monolithic materials in microseparation systems can be expected to play an increasingly important role in the analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Szumski M, Buszewski B. Preparation and application of monolithic beds in the separation of selected natural biologically important compounds. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:55-66. [PMID: 17313142 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of monolithic (continuous) beds is connected with their easy preparation and the far-reaching possibilities of modification of their surface and porous properties. These properties make them particularly attractive for the analysis of biologically important compounds characterized by a wide spectrum of physicochemical properties. This review summarizes their preparation methods as well as their application as continuous beds for determination of such biologically important compounds as catecholamines, vitamins, flavonoids, amino acids, peptides, and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szumski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Abstract
In this review research papers on the application of CEC are summarized that have been published between May 2003 and May 2005. First, a short overview is given of trends and developments in CEC that may increase the applicability of the separation technique. Next, application-oriented research using CEC is described in biochemical studies, including proteomics and genomics, in the analysis of food and natural products, and in pharmaceutical, industrial, and environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Polymer-Analysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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