1
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Qiao L, Zhou Q, Du K. Protein adsorption to diethylaminoethyl-dextran grafted macroporous cellulose microspheres: A critical pore size for enhanced adsorption capacity and uptake kinetic. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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2
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Qiao L, Li Q, Xie J, Du K. Multi-size optimization of macroporous cellulose beads as protein anion exchangers: Effects of macropore size, protein size, and ligand length. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464068. [PMID: 37236141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multi-size optimization of ion exchangers based on protein characteristics and understanding of underlying mechanism is crucial to achieve maximum separation performance in terms of adsorption capacity and uptake kinetic. Herein, we characterize the effects of three different sizes, macropore size, protein size, and ligand length, on the protein adsorption capacity and uptake kinetic of macroporous cellulose beads, and provide insights into the underlying mechanism. In detail, (1) for smaller bovine serum albumin, macropore size has a negligible effect on the adsorption capacity, while for larger γ-globulin, larger macropores improve the adsorption capacity due to the high accessibility of binding sites; (2) there is a critical pore size (CPZ), at which the adsorption uptake kinetic is minimum. When pore sizes are higher than the CPZ, uptake kinetics are enhanced by pore diffusion. When pore sizes are lower than CPZ, uptake kinetics are enhanced by surface diffusion; (3) increasing ligand length improves the adsorption capacity by three-dimensionally extended polymer chains in pores and enhances uptake kinetic by improved surface diffusion. This study offers an integrated perspective to qualitatively assess the effects of multiple sizes, providing guidance for designing advanced ion exchangers for protein chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qincong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Cheng Du Best Graphite Tech Co., Ltd, No.8, Xinxian Industrial Park No.66, Antai 7th Road,West hi tech Zone, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Kaifeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China.
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3
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Lathika S, Raj A, Sen AK. LSPR based on-chip detection of dengue NS1 antigen in whole blood. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33770-33780. [PMID: 35497567 PMCID: PMC9042277 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a biosensor for rapid and quantitative detection of the dengue virus continues to remain a challenge. We report a lab-on-chip device that combines membrane-based blood plasma separation and a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based biosensor for on-chip detection of dengue NS1 antigen from a few drops of blood. The LSPR effect is realized by irradiating UV-NIR light having a spectral peak at 655 nm onto nanostructures fabricated via thermal annealing of a thin metal film. We study the effect of the resulting metal nanostructures on the LSPR performance in terms of sensitivity and limit of detection, by annealing silver films at temperatures ranging from 100 to 500 °C. The effect of annealing temperature on the nanostructure size and uniformity and the resulting optical characteristics are investigated. Further, the binding between non-targeted blood plasma proteins and NS1-antibody-functionalized nanostructures on the LSPR performance is studied by considering different blocking mechanisms. Using a nanostructure annealed at 200 °C and 2X-phosphate buffer saline with 0.05% Tween-20 as the blocking buffer, from 10 μL of whole blood, the device can detect NS1 antigen at a concentration as low as 0.047 μg mL-1 within 30 min. Finally, we demonstrate the detection of NS1 in the blood samples of dengue-infected patients and validate our results with those obtained from the gold-standard ELISA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lathika
- Fluid Systems Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | - A Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Patna India
| | - A K Sen
- Fluid Systems Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
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4
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Shibukawa M, Yanagisawa M, Morinaga R, Shimasaki T, Saito S, Wang ST, Feng YQ. Synergistic effect of temperature and background counterions on ion-exchange equilibria. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26849-26856. [PMID: 35541076 PMCID: PMC9083291 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of temperature and background counterions on ion-exchange selectivity for alkali metal ions and tetraalkylammonium ions on strongly acidic cation-exchange resins have been investigated using superheated water ion-exchange chromatography (SW-IEC). We have found out that alkali metal ions show reversal in the order of the distribution coefficient (KD), from Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ in water at ordinary temperature to Rb+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+ in superheated water, when a relatively large cation such as cesium ion is used as the background counterion. The effect of counterion on the ion-exchange selectivity is enhanced with the ion-exchange resins of higher ion-exchange capacity and cross-linking degree. Tetraalkylammonium ions chosen as model ions for poorly hydrated ions also exhibit reversal in the order of KD at around 430 K in superheated water. However, the effect of the nature of alkali metal counterions on the change in KD values of tetraalkylammonium ions is rather small compared with the effect on the KD of alkali metal ions. These results are attributed to the change in local hydration structures of the ions in the ion-exchange resin due to dehydration of alkali metal ions enhanced by interionic contacts of the analyte ion with the coexisting counterion and lower hydration energy of the ions at elevated temperatures. Although it has been considered that temperature is not effective at changing the ion-exchange separation selectivity, significant selectivity changes can be achieved by SW-IEC. Metal ions in cation-exchange resins are dehydrated by interionic contacts with a co-existing counterion at elevated temperatures, which causes a drastic change in separation selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Shibukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Masaru Yanagisawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Ryota Morinaga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Shao-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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5
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Yu L, Zhang L, Sun Y. Protein behavior at surfaces: Orientation, conformational transitions and transport. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Lang KMH, Kittelmann J, Dürr C, Osberghaus A, Hubbuch J. A comprehensive molecular dynamics approach to protein retention modeling in ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:184-93. [PMID: 25618359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In downstream processing, the underlying adsorption mechanism of biomolecules to adsorbent material are still subject of extensive research. One approach to more mechanistic understanding is simulating this adsorption process and hereby the possibility to identify the parameters with strongest impact. So far this method was applied with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two model proteins on one cation exchanger. In this work we developed a molecular dynamics tool to simulate protein-adsorber interaction for various proteins on an anion exchanger and ran gradient elution experiments to relate the simulation results to experimental data. We were able to show that simulation results yield similar results as experimental data regarding retention behavior as well as binding orientation. We could identify arginines in case of cation exchangers and aspartic acids in case of anion exchangers as major contributors to binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M H Lang
- Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Kittelmann
- Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cathrin Dürr
- Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Osberghaus
- Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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7
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Riccardi E, Wang JC, Liapis AI. Modeling the construction of polymeric adsorbent media: effects of counter-ions on ligand immobilization and pore structure. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:084901. [PMID: 24588192 DOI: 10.1063/1.4865910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics modeling and simulations are employed to study the effects of counter-ions on the dynamic spatial density distribution and total loading of immobilized ligands as well as on the pore structure of the resultant ion exchange chromatography adsorbent media. The results show that the porous adsorbent media formed by polymeric chain molecules involve transport mechanisms and steric resistances which cause the charged ligands and counter-ions not to follow stoichiometric distributions so that (i) a gradient in the local nonelectroneutrality occurs, (ii) non-uniform spatial density distributions of immobilized ligands and counter-ions are formed, and (iii) clouds of counter-ions outside the porous structure could be formed. The magnitude of these counter-ion effects depends on several characteristics associated with the size, structure, and valence of the counter-ions. Small spherical counter-ions with large valence encounter the least resistance to enter a porous structure and their effects result in the formation of small gradients in the local nonelectroneutrality, higher ligand loadings, and more uniform spatial density distributions of immobilized ligands, while the formation of exterior counter-ion clouds by these types of counter-ions is minimized. Counter-ions with lower valence charges, significantly larger sizes, and elongated shapes, encounter substantially greater steric resistances in entering a porous structure and lead to the formation of larger gradients in the local nonelectroneutrality, lower ligand loadings, and less uniform spatial density distributions of immobilized ligands, as well as substantial in size exterior counter-ion clouds. The effects of lower counter-ion valence on pore structure, local nonelectroneutrality, spatial ligand density distribution, and exterior counter-ion cloud formation are further enhanced by the increased size and structure of the counter-ion. Thus, the design, construction, and functionality of polymeric porous adsorbent media will significantly depend, for a given desirable ligand to be immobilized and represent the adsorption active sites, on the type of counter-ion that is used during the ligand immobilization process. Therefore, the molecular dynamics modeling and simulation approach presented in this work could contribute positively by representing an engineering science methodology to the design and construction of polymeric porous adsorbent media which could provide high intraparticle mass transfer and adsorption rates for the adsorbate biomolecules of interest which are desired to be separated by an adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Riccardi
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 4, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jee-Ching Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, USA
| | - Athanasios I Liapis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, USA
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8
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Bouchet R, Phan TNT, Beaudoin E, Devaux D, Davidson P, Bertin D, Denoyel R. Charge Transport in Nanostructured PS–PEO–PS Triblock Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500420w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bouchet
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et
des Interfaces (LEPMI) UMR CNRS 5279, Grenoble Universités, 1130
rue de la piscine, 38402 St. Martin d’Hères, France
| | - T. N. T. Phan
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et
Polymères de Spécialité, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus Saint Jérôme, Case 542, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - E. Beaudoin
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et
Polymères de Spécialité, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus Saint Jérôme, Case 542, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, UMR 8502 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 510, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - D. Devaux
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et
Polymères de Spécialité, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus Saint Jérôme, Case 542, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
- MADIREL
- UMR 7246, Matériaux divisés, interfaces, réactivité,
électrochimie, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus saint Jérôme,
Bât. MADIREL, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - P. Davidson
- Laboratoire
de Physique des Solides, UMR 8502 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 510, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - D. Bertin
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire - UMR 7273, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et
Polymères de Spécialité, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus Saint Jérôme, Case 542, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
| | - R. Denoyel
- MADIREL
- UMR 7246, Matériaux divisés, interfaces, réactivité,
électrochimie, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus saint Jérôme,
Bât. MADIREL, 13397 Marseille, Cedex 20, France
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9
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Li M, Liapis AI. Adsorption in columns packed with porous adsorbent particles having partially fractal structures. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1913-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Missouri University of Science and Technology; Rolla; MO; USA
| | - Athanasios I. Liapis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Missouri University of Science and Technology; Rolla; MO; USA
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10
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Riccardi E, Wang JC, Liapis AI. Molecular modeling of polymeric adsorbent media: the effects of counter-ions on ligand immobilization and pore structure. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3073-83. [PMID: 23086680 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics modeling and simulations are employed to study the immobilization of ligands on the surface of the pores of a base porous polymeric matrix. The results show the significant effects that the counter-ions have on the spatial distribution of the density of immobilized ligands as well as on the pore size and pore connectivity distributions of the porous adsorbent medium being constructed. The results for the systems studied in this work indicate that by using doubly charged counter-ions whose numbers during ligand immobilization are half to those of singly charged counter-ions, the ligand immobilization process proceeds faster and the magnitude of local nonelectroneutrality becomes smaller. More importantly, the pore structures of the adsorbent media resulting from the system using doubly charged counter-ions have porous structures that are characterized by more mid-sized pores and higher pore connectivity than the porous adsorbent structures generated by the system employing singly charged counter-ions and, furthermore, the density distribution of the immobilized ligands in the porous structures where doubly charged counter-ions are employed tends to be more uniform laterally and the ligands are surrounded by fewer counter-ions. These characteristics affected by the use of doubly charged counter-ions could provide important advantages with respect to the transport and adsorption of adsorbate biomolecules of interest. Furthermore, the results of this work indicate that the type of counter-ions being used in the ligand immobilization process could represent an additional control variable for affecting the ligand density distribution as well as the pore size and pore connectivity distributions of the porous structure of the adsorbent medium being constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Riccardi
- Theoretische Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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11
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Helling C, Borrmann C, Strube J. Optimal Integration of Directly Combined Hydrophobic Interaction and Ion Exchange Chromatography Purification Processes. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Unger KK, Liapis AI. Adsorbents and columns in analytical high-performance liquid chromatography: a perspective with regard to development and understanding. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1201-12. [PMID: 22555863 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A brief historical survey is presented on the evaluation of silica adsorbents in analytical HPLC. The theory of analytical HPLC is mostly still being based on the height equivalent to a theoretical plate concept and the van Deemter equation that was derived from gas phase adsorption involving a linear adsorption isotherm and fast mass transfer kinetics. One can obviously wonder whether the use of the van Deemter equation is relevant and valid for the evaluation of the performance of HPLC systems, where most often the liquid solutes involve charged molecules in electrolytes and in very many cases the adsorbates are macromolecules having diffusion coefficients of small magnitude. Instead of the van Deemter equation, a multi-scale modelling approach that involves microscopic and macroscopic dynamic non-linear mass-transfer-rate models should be employed. Furthermore, advanced experimental methods for the characterisation of porous media and the distribution of the density of immobilised active sites (e.g., ligands) on surfaces as well as microscopic pore-network modelling and molecular dynamics modelling and simulation methods could be used for the design of novel adsorbents whose porous structures and immobilised active sites would provide effective mass transport and adsorption rates for realising efficient separations as well as high dynamic capacities when larger throughputs are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus K Unger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Liapis AI, Wang JC. Design of Polymeric Porous Adsorbent Media and the Dynamic Behavior of Transport and Adsorption of Bioactive Molecules in Such Media. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Liapis AI, Riccardi E, Wang JC. Effects on the dynamic utilization of the adsorptive capacity of chromatographic columns induced by non-uniform ligand density distributions. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2749-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Du KF, Bai S, Dong XY, Sun Y. Fabrication of superporous agarose beads for protein adsorption: Effect of CaCO3 granules content. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5808-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Riccardi E, Wang JC, Liapis AI. A molecular dynamics study on the transport of a charged biomolecule in a polymeric adsorbent medium and its adsorption onto a charged ligand. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:084904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3473930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Riccardi E, Liapis AI. Adsorption of a single protein interacting with multiple ligands: Inner radial humps in the concentration profiles induced by non-uniform ligand density distributions. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4059-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Riccardi E, Wang JC, Liapis AI. Protein adsorption in porous adsorbent particles: A multiscale modeling study on inner radial humps in the concentration profiles of adsorbed protein induced by nonuniform ligand density distributions. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3084-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Riccardi E, Wang JC, Liapis AI. Porous Polymer Adsorbent Media Constructed by Molecular Dynamics Modeling and Simulations: The Immobilization of Charged Ligands and Their Effect on Pore Structure and Local Nonelectroneutrality. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2317-27. [PMID: 19182931 DOI: 10.1021/jp806956j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Riccardi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230
| | - J.-C. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230
| | - A. I. Liapis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230
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20
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Pathange LP, Bevan DR, Zhang C. Effects of Protein Microstructure on the Retention Time of T4 Lysozyme Variants in Cation Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2008; 81:649-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8019812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi P. Pathange
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering and Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - David R. Bevan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering and Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering and Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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21
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Rapid monoclonal antibody adsorption on dextran-grafted agarose media for ion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1211:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Riccardi E, Wang JC, Liapis AI. Rational Surface Design for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Porous Polymer Adsorbent Media. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:7478-88. [PMID: 18517244 DOI: 10.1021/jp800078v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Riccardi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230
| | - J.-C. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230
| | - A. I. Liapis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230
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23
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Optics-intrinsic double-circle phenomenon in protein adsorption visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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25
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Hubbuch J, Kula MR. Confocal laser scanning microscopy as an analytical tool in chromatographic research. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2008; 31:241-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-008-0197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Faude A, Zacher D, Müller E, Böttinger H. Fast determination of conditions for maximum dynamic capacity in cation-exchange chromatography of human monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:29-35. [PMID: 17442329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic binding capacity (DBC) measurements of cation-exchange resins were performed with two human monoclonal antibodies. DBC showed a pH dependent maximum, which was shifted to lower pH values with increasing buffer concentrations and increasing salting-out effect of the buffer anion according to the Hofmeister series. As this downshift correlates well with zeta potential values, a measurement of the latter allows the determination of the pH value for maximum DBC under a given set of conditions. Thus, the use of zeta potential values can accelerate the purification process development and helps to understand the protein adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Faude
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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27
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Tsumoto K, Ejima D, Senczuk AM, Kita Y, Arakawa T. Effects of salts on protein–surface interactions: applications for column chromatography. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:1677-90. [PMID: 17221853 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of protein pharmaceuticals depends on the availability of high quality proteins. Various column chromatographies are used to purify proteins and characterize the purity and properties of the proteins. Most column chromatographies require salts, whether inorganic or organic, for binding, elution or simply better recovery and resolution. The salts modulate affinity of the proteins for particular columns and nonspecific protein-protein or protein-surface interactions, depending on the type and concentration of the salts, in both specific and nonspecific manners. Salts also affect the binding capacity of the column, which determines the size of the column to be used. Binding capacity, whether equilibrium or dynamic (under an approximation of a slow flow rate), depends on the binding constant, protein concentration and the number of the binding site on the column as well as nonspecific binding. This review attempts to summarize the mechanism of the salt effects on binding affinity and capacity for various column chromatographies and on nonspecific protein-protein or protein-surface interactions. Understanding such salt effects should also be useful in preventing nonspecific protein binding to various containers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan.
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28
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Stone MC, Carta G. Protein adsorption and transport in agarose and dextran-grafted agarose media for ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1146:202-15. [PMID: 17336312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the relationship between the physical properties of agarose and dextran-grafted agarose cation exchangers and protein adsorption equilibrium and rates. Four different sulfopropyl (SP) matrices were synthesized using a neutral agarose base material--two based on a short ligand chemistry and two obtained by grafting 10 and 40kDa dextran polymers. The pore accessibility, determined by inverse size exclusion chromatography (iSEC) with dextran probes, decreases dramatically as a result of the combined effects of crosslinking, dextran grafting, and the introduction of ionic ligands, with pore radii decreasing from 19nm for the base matrix to 6.1nm for the 40kDa dextran-grafted SP-matrix. In spite of this reduction, while the adsorption isotherms were similar, protein uptake rates were greatly increased with the dextran-grafted SP-matrices, compared to SP-matrices based on the short ligand chemistry. The effective pore diffusivities were 4-10 times higher than free solution diffusivity for the dextran-grafted matrices, indicating that the charged dextran grafts result in enhanced protein mass transfer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani C Stone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4741, USA
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29
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Ljunglöf A, Lacki KM, Mueller J, Harinarayan C, van Reis R, Fahrner R, Van Alstine JM. Ion exchange chromatography of antibody fragments. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 96:515-24. [PMID: 17096387 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Effects of pH and conductivity on the ion exchange chromatographic purification of an antigen-binding antibody fragment (Fab) of pI 8.0 were investigated. Normal sulfopropyl (SP) group modified agarose particles (SP Sepharosetrade mark Fast Flow) and dextran modified particles (SP Sepharose XL) were studied. Chromatographic measurements including adsorption isotherms and dynamic breakthrough binding capacities, were complemented with laser scanning confocal microscopy. As expected static equilibrium and dynamic binding capacities were generally reduced by increasing mobile phase conductivity (1-25 mS/cm). However at pH 4 on SP Sepharose XL, Fab dynamic binding capacity increased from 130 to 160 (mg/mL media) as mobile phase conductivity changed from 1 to 5 mS/cm. Decreasing protein net charge by increasing pH from 4 to 5 at 1.3 mS/cm caused dynamic binding capacity to increase from 130 to 180 mg/mL. Confocal scanning laser microscopy studies indicate such increases were due to faster intra-particle mass transport and hence greater utilization of the media's available binding capacity. Such results are in agreement with recent studies related to ion exchange of whole antibody molecules under similar conditions.
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30
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Liapis AI, Grimes BA. The effect of the pore structure and zeta potential of porous polymer monoliths on separation performance in ion-exchange mode. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:648-57. [PMID: 17461102 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most often, in bioseparations involving charged macromolecules, the chromatographic systems have low Reynolds and high Peclet numbers. For such systems, an expression is developed and presented in this work for evaluating the throughput in polymeric monoliths where ion-exchange adsorption occurs, as a function of (i) the pressure drop along the length of the monolith, (ii) the functional form and width of the throughpore-size distribution of the monolith, and (iii) the magnitude of the zeta potential on the surface of the throughpores of the monolith. Gaussian and log-normal throughpore-size distributions whose mean throughpore-size and standard deviation values are based on experimentally measured throughpore-size distribution data by mercury porosimetry employed on polymeric monoliths are used in this work, and their effect on the throughput relative to that obtained from a polymeric monolith having a uniform throughpore-size distribution is studied for different values of the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean throughpore-size. The results indicate that relatively modest increases in the throughput, when compared with the throughput that could be achieved in a polymeric monolith having a uniform throughpore-size distribution, could be obtained in polymeric monoliths having disperse throughpore-size distributions, and the magnitude of the increase becomes larger when the disperse distribution is skewed to larger throughpore sizes. Furthermore, the results of this work indicate that, under certain conditions, relatively modest increases in the throughput of a charged analyte could also be achieved by altering the value of the zeta potential on the surface of the throughpores of the monolith. Due to the difficulties inherent in controlling the functional form and width of the throughpore-size distribution during the synthesis of polymeric monoliths, it would appear to be more practical to increase the value of the throughput of a charged analyte by altering the value of the zeta potential through prudent selection of the ion-exchange surface functional groups and fine-tuned with the pH of the mobile phase. Thus, for ion-exchange chromatography systems, the zeta potential could be considered an important parameter for column designers and operators to manipulate, since its alteration could increase the through-put of a charged analyte in polymeric monoliths or in columns packed with charged particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios I Liapis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biochemical Processing Institute, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, USA.
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31
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Busini V, Moiani D, Moscatelli D, Zamolo L, Cavallotti C. Investigation of the Influence of Spacer Arm on the Structural Evolution of Affinity Ligands Supported on Agarose. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:23564-77. [PMID: 17107212 DOI: 10.1021/jp0622278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the spacer arm on the interaction between agarose and a supported ligand was investigated through molecular dynamics for a combination of several spacers. The spacers differ for degree of hydrophobicity, length, and chemical composition, which was varied through insertion of thio, ether, and CH(2) groups. Agarose was modeled through a modified Glycam force field, whose parameters were determined through ab initio calculations. The structural model of agarose used for the calculations was obtained through MD studies of the conformational evolution of several agarose single and double helixes. The simulations showed that a modification of the spacer properties could determine a change of the stable structure of the ligand with respect to the support. In particular, if the spacer is hydrophilic and rigid, the favored structure is with extended spacer and solvated ligand. Either increasing the spacer length, and thus its flexibility, or decreasing its solvation free energy, which corresponds to diminishing its affinity for water, rapidly leads to a conformational change in which the ligand adsorbs on agarose. Interestingly, we found that if the spacer is long and hydrophilic, a third metastable structure, in which the spacer is sandwiched between the ligand and agarose, is possible. Simulations of several ligands adsorbed on neighboring sites on agarose showed that if the support is not held fixed through restraints, the interaction force between vicinal ligands is sufficient to determine a major conformational change of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Busini
- Department di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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32
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Taylor AF, Britton MM. Magnetic resonance imaging of chemical waves in porous media. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2006; 16:037103. [PMID: 17014237 DOI: 10.1063/1.2228129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a powerful tool for the investigation of chemical structures in optically opaque porous media, in which chemical concentration gradients can be visualized, and diffusion and flow properties are simultaneously determined. In this paper we give an overview of the MRI technique and review theory and experiments on the formation of chemical waves in a tubular packed bed reactor upon the addition of a nonlinear chemical reaction. MR images are presented of reaction-diffusion waves propagating in the three-dimensional (3D) network of channels in the reactor, and the 3D structure of stationary concentration patterns formed via the flow-distributed oscillation mechanism is demonstrated to reflect the local hydrodynamics in the packed bed. Possible future directions regarding the influence of heterogeneities on transport and reaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette F Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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33
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Harinarayan C, Mueller J, Ljunglöf A, Fahrner R, Van Alstine J, van Reis R. An exclusion mechanism in ion exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 95:775-87. [PMID: 16897740 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein dynamic binding capacities on ion exchange resins are typically expected to decrease with increasing conductivity and decreasing protein charge. There are, however, conditions where capacity increases with increasing conductivity and decreasing protein charge. Capacity measurements on two different commercial ion exchange resins with three different monoclonal antibodies at various pH and conductivities exhibited two domains. In the first domain, the capacity unexpectedly increased with increasing conductivity and decreasing protein charge. The second domain exhibited traditional behavior. A mechanism to explain the first domain is postulated; proteins initially bind to the outer pore regions and electrostatically hinder subsequent protein transport. Such a mechanism is supported by protein capacity and confocal microscopy studies whose results suggest how knowledge of the two types of IEX behavior can be leveraged in optimizing resins and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harinarayan
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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34
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Zhang X, Wang JC, Lacki KM, Liapis AI. Construction by Molecular Dynamics Modeling and Simulations of the Porous Structures Formed by Dextran Polymer Chains Attached on the Surface of the Pores of a Base Matrix: Characterization of Porous Structures. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21028-39. [PMID: 16853725 DOI: 10.1021/jp053421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant increases in the separation of bioactive molecules by using ion-exchange chromatography are realized by utilizing porous adsorbent particles in which the affinity group/ligand is linked to the base matrix of the porous particle via a polymeric extender. To study and understand the behavior of such systems, the M3B model is modified and used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to construct porous dextran layers on the surface of a base matrix, where the dextran polymer chains and the surface are covered by water. Two different porous polymer layers having 25 and 40 monomers per main polymer chain of dextran, respectively, are constructed, and their three-dimensional (3D) porous structures are characterized with respect to porosity, pore size distribution, and number of conducting pathways along the direction of net transport. It is found that the more desirable practical implications with respect to structural properties exhibited by the porous polymer layer having 40 monomers per main polymer chain, are mainly due to the higher flexibility of the polymer chains of this system, especially in the upper region of the porous structure. The characterization and analysis of the porous structures have suggested a useful definition for the physical meaning and implications of the pore connectivity of a real porous medium that is significantly different than the artificial physical meaning associated with the pore connectivity parameter employed in pore network models and whose physical limitations are discussed; furthermore, the methodology developed for the characterization of the three-dimensional structures of real porous media could be used to analyze the experimental data obtained from high-resolution noninvasive three-dimensional methods like high-resolution optical microscopy. The MD modeling and simulations methodology presented here could be used, considering that the type and size of affinity group/ligand as well as the size of the biomolecule to be adsorbed onto the affinity group/ligand are known, to construct different porous dextran layers by varying the length of the polymeric chain of dextran, the number of attachment points to the base matrix, the degree of side branching, and the number of main polymeric chains immobilized per unit surface area of base matrix. After the characterization of the porous structures of the different porous dextran layers is performed, then only a few promising structures would be selected for studying the immobilization of adsorption sites on the pore surfaces and the subsequent adsorption of the bioactive molecules onto the immobilized affinity groups/ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biochemical Processing Institute, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409-1230, USA
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