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Song Y, Li W, Ba M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Xu X, Su H, Cai Z, Liu X, Sun T. Ester-functionalized pillar[6]arene as the gas chromatographic stationary phase with high-resolution performance towards the challenging isomers of xylenes, diethylbenzenes, and ethyltoluenes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1321-1335. [PMID: 38231255 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the first example of the utilization of polar ester group functionalized pillar[6]arene (P6A-C10-OAc) as a stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic (GC) separations. The statically coated P6A-C10-OAc column showed a high column efficiency of 5393 plates/m and moderate polar nature. Its resolving capability and retention behaviors were investigated for a mixture of 20 analytes and more than a dozen isomers from apolar to polar in nature. As evidenced, the P6A-C10-OAc column achieved high-resolution separations of all the analytes and good inertness. Importantly, it exhibited distinctly advantageous performance for high resolution of the challenging isomers of xylenes, diethylbenzenes, ethyltoluenes, and halobenzenes over the commercial HP-5 (5% phenyl dimethyl polysiloxane), HP-35 (25% phenyl dimethyl polysiloxane), and PEG-20M (polyethylene glycol) columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Song
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Ba
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Liu
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Liaoning Province Professional and Technical Innovation Center for Fine Chemical Engineering of Aromatics Downstream, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang, 111003, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Microsampling and enantioselective liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for chiral bioanalysis of novel psychoactive substances. Talanta 2023; 257:124332. [PMID: 36773512 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the development of efficient enantioselective HPLC methods for the analysis of five benzofuran-substituted phenethylamines, two substituted tryptamines, and three substituted cathinones is described. For the first time, reversed-phase (eluents made up with acidic water-methanol solutions) and polar-ionic (eluent made up with an acetonitrile-methanol solution incorporating both an acidic and a basic additive) conditions fully compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) detectors were applied with a chiral stationary phase (CSP) incorporating the (+)-(18-crown-6)-tetracarboxylic acid chiral selector. Enantioresolution was achieved for nine compounds with α and RS factors up to 1.32 and 5.12, respectively. Circular dichroism (CD) detection, CD spectroscopy in stopped-flow mode and quantum mechanical (QM) calculations were successfully employed to investigate the absolute stereochemistry of mephedrone, methylone and butylone and allowed to establish a (R)<(S) enantiomeric elution order for these compounds on the chosen CSP. Whole blood miniaturized samples collected by means of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) technology and fortified with the target analytes were extracted following an optimized protocol and effectively analysed by means of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS system. By this way a proof-of-concept procedure was applied, demonstrating the suitability of the method for quali-quantitative enantioselective assessment of the selected psychoactive substances in advanced biological microsamples. VAMS microsamplers including a polypropylene handle topped with a small tip of a polymeric porous material were used and allowed to volumetrically collect small aliquots of whole blood (10 μL) independently from its density. Highly appreciable volumetric accuracy (bias, in the -8.7-8.1% range) and precision (% CV, in the 2.8-5.9% range) turned out.
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3
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Bao Z, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Ren Q. Progress in the Enantioseparation of β-Blockers by Chromatographic Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020468. [PMID: 33477385 PMCID: PMC7830546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β-adrenergic antagonists (β-blockers) with at least one chiral center are an exceedingly important class of drugs used mostly to treat cardiovascular diseases. At least 70 β-blockers have been investigated in history. However, only a few β-blockers, e.g., timolol, are clinically marketed as an optically pure enantiomer. Therefore, the separation of racemates of β-blockers is essential both in the laboratory and industry. Many approaches have been explored to obtain the single enantiomeric β-blocker, including high performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and simulated moving bed chromatography. In this article, a review is presented on different chromatographic methods applied for the enantioseparation of β-blockers, covering high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yehui Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
| | - Zongbi Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (Z.B.); (Q.Y.); (Z.Z.); (Q.R.)
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
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4
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Sobańska AW. Emerging or Underestimated Silica-Based Stationary Phases in Liquid Chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:631-655. [PMID: 32482079 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1760782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several newly synthesized or forgotten silica-based stationary phases proposed for liquid chromatography are described, including non-endcapped, short-chain alkyl phases; hydrophilic and polar-endcapped stationary phases; polar-embedded alkyl phases; long-chain alkyl phases. Stationary phases with aromatic, cyanopropyl, diol and aminopropyl functionalities are also reviewed. Stationary phases of particular interest are biomolecular materials - based on immobilized cholesterol, aminoacids, peptides, proteins or lipoproteins. Packing materials involving macrocyclic chemistry (crown ethers; calixarenes; aza-macrocycles; oligo-and polysaccharides including these of marine origin - chitin- or chitosan-based; macrocyclic antibiotics) are discussed. Since many stationary phases developed for one type of applications (e.g. chiral separation) have been found useful in solving other analytical problems (e.g. drug's plasma protein binding ability), it seemed reasonable to discuss particular chemistries behind the stationary phases presented in this review rather than specific types of interactions or chromatographic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Sobańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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5
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Lee W, Kim KT, Kang JS. Application of an (18-Crown-6)-2,3,11,12-Tetracarboxylic Acid-Based Chiral Stationary Phase in Capillary Electrochromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:445-452. [PMID: 31069751 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography is employed for the enantioseparation of α-amino acids and their derivatives. The synthesis and application of a covalently bonded chiral stationary phase containing (-)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid as chiral selector is described. Enantioseparations are performed using methanol/Tris-citric acid (20 mM, pH 3.0-4.5) (20:80, v/v) as mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Kim
- Food Science and Technology Major, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Jeon H, Hyun MH. Resolution of methoxyphenamine and its analogues on a chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4281-4285. [PMID: 30267460 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase, which contains two N-CH3 amide connecting groups, based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was first applied to the resolution of methoxyphenamine (2-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist used as a bronchodilator). The resolution of methoxyphenamine on the chiral stationary phase containing two N-CH3 amide connecting groups was quite successful with the separation factor (α) of 1.42 and resolution (RS ) of 4.22 compared with those (α of 1.09 and RS of 1.55) on the chiral stationary phase containing two N-H amide connecting groups. In addition, the chiral stationary phase containing two N-CH3 amide connecting groups was applied to the resolution of methoxyphenamine analogues. From the comparison of the resolution results of methoxyphenamine with those of methoxyphenamine analogues on the chiral stationary phase containing two N-CH3 amide connecting groups, the N-methyl group and the 2-methoxyphenyl group of methoxyphenamine were elucidated to be the structurally essential parts for the resolution on the chiral stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li Y, Sheng Z, Zhu C, Yin W, Chu C. Silica based click-dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether high performance liquid chromatography stationary phase and its application in separation of fullerenes. Talanta 2018; 178:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Cho ES, Sung JY, Jin JS, Hyun MH. Liquid chromatographic resolution of proline and pipecolic acid derivatives on chiral stationary phases based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1192-1198. [PMID: 29044998 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phases based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid were applied to the resolution of the amide derivatives of cyclic α-amino acids including proline and pipecolic acid. Among the five amide derivatives of proline, aniline amide was resolved best on the first chiral stationary phase, which contains two N-H tethering amide groups, with the separation factor of 1.31 and the resolution of 2.60, and on the second chiral stationary phase, which contains two N-CH3 tethering amide groups, with the separation factor of 1.57 and the resolution of 5.50. Among the five amide derivatives of pipecolic acid, 2-naphthyl amide was resolved best on the first chiral stationary phase with the separation factor of 1.30 and the resolution of 1.75, but 1-naphthylmethyl amide was resolved best on the second chiral stationary phase with the separation factor of 1.30 and the resolution of 2.26. In general, the second chiral stationary phase was found to be better than the first chiral stationary phase in the resolution of the amide derivatives of cyclic α-amino acids. In this study, the second chiral stationary phase was first demonstrated to be useful for the resolution of secondary amino compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sol Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Sung
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sung Jin
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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9
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Avilés-Moreno JR, Berden G, Oomens J, Martínez-Haya B. Guanidinium/ammonium competition and proton transfer in the interaction of the amino acid arginine with the tetracarboxylic 18-crown-6 ionophore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4067-4073. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The binding of arginine by the 18-crown-6 tetracarboxylic ionophore relies on extensive host–guest redistribution of electronic charge and proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Department of Physical
- Chemical and Natural Systems
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide
- E-41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- Toernooiveld 7c
- The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- Toernooiveld 7c
- The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department of Physical
- Chemical and Natural Systems
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide
- E-41013 Seville
- Spain
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10
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Adhikari S, Lee W. Chiral separation using chiral crown ethers as chiral selectors in chirotechnology. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Woiwode U, Sievers-Engler A, Zimmermann A, Lindner W, Sánchez-Muñoz OL, Lämmerhofer M. Surface-anchored counterions on weak chiral anion-exchangers accelerate separations and improve their compatibility for mass-spectrometry-hyphenation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1503:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Wu P, Wu Y, Zhang J, Lu Z, Zhang M, Chen X, Yuan L. Chromatographic Resolution of α
-Amino Acids by (R
)-(3,3'-Halogen Substituted-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6 Stationary Phase in HPLC. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Xuexian Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
| | - Liming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
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13
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Lee W. Investigation of Enantiomer Separation Using Chiral Crown Ethers as Chiral Selectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.13160/ricns.2016.9.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Sung JY, Choi SH, Hyun MH. Preparation of a New Chiral Stationary Phase Based on Macrocyclic Amide Chiral Selector for the Liquid Chromatographic Chiral Separations. Chirality 2016; 28:253-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeong Sung
- Department of Chemistry; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyuck Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry; Pusan National University; Busan Republic of Korea
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15
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Hyun MH. Development of HPLC Chiral Stationary Phases Based on (+)-(18-Crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic Acid and Their Applications. Chirality 2015; 27:576-88. [PMID: 26237013 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Crown ether-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been known to be useful for the resolution of racemic primary amino compounds. In particular, CSPs based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid have been reported to be useful for the resolution of secondary amino compounds as well as primary amino compounds. In this article, the process of developing various CSPs based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid to improve the chiral recognition efficiency and/or the stability of the CSPs and their applications to the resolution of various primary and nonprimary amino compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Paik MJ, Kim KR, Lee W. Chiral Profiling Analysis of β-Blockers by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Dual Chiral Selectors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy; Sunchon National University; Suncheon 540-950 Korea
| | - Kyoung-Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Wonjae Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Korea
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Liquid chromatographic resolution of fendiline and its analogues on a chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. Molecules 2014; 19:21386-97. [PMID: 25532838 PMCID: PMC6271286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fendiline, an effective anti-anginal drug for the treatment of coronary heart diseases, and its sixteen analogues were resolved on a CSP based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. Fendiline was resolved quite well with the separation factor (α) of 1.25 and resolution (RS) of 1.55 when a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid-triethylamine at a ratio of 80/20/0.1/0.5 (v/v/v/v) was used. The comparison of the chromatographic behaviors for the resolution of fendiline and its analogues indicated that the 3,3-diphenylpropyl group bonded to the secondary amino group of fendiline is important in the chiral recognition and the difference in the steric bulkiness between the phenyl group and the methyl group at the chiral center of fendiline is also important in the chiral recognition.
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18
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Wu E, Kim KT, Adidi SK, Lee YK, Cho JW, Lee W, Kang JS. Enantioseparation and chiral recognition of α-amino acids and their derivatives on (−)-18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid bonded silica by capillary electrochromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1499-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Nakahara Y, Mitani H, Kado S, Kimura K. Single-molecule force spectroscopic study on chiral recognition of cysteine derivatives immobilized on a gold substrate by using AFM tips chemically modified with optically active crown ethers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chiral recognition of cysteine derivatives on a gold substrate was investigated using AFM tips modified with optically active crown ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kado
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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20
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Tak KM, Park EJ, Hyun MH. Liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic rasagiline and its analogues on a chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3682-7. [PMID: 24106082 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was applied to the resolution of 15 analytes, including racemic rasagiline, a chiral drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and its analogues. The composition of mobile phase was optimized to be ethanol/acetonitrile/acetic acid/triethylamine (80:20:0.2:0.3, v/v/v/v) by evaluating the chromatographic results for the resolution of five selected analytes under various mobile phase conditions. Under the optimized mobile phase conditions, racemic rasagiline was resolved quite well with a separation factor of 1.48 and resolution of 2.71 and its 14 analogues were also resolved reasonably well with separation factors of 1.06-1.54 and resolutions of 0.54-2.11. Among 15 analytes, racemic rasagiline was resolved best except for just one analyte. The analyte structure-enantioselectivity relationship indicated that racemic rasagiline has the most appropriate structural characteristics for resolution on the chiral stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mi Tak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Avilés-Moreno JR, Quesada-Moreno MM, López-González JJ, Martínez-Haya B. Chiral Recognition of Amino Acid Enantiomers by a Crown Ether: Chiroptical IR-VCD Response and Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9362-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405027s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Department of Physical and Analytical
Chemistry, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Department of Physical and Analytical
Chemistry, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús López-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical
Chemistry, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department of Physical, Chemical
and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Seville, Spain
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22
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Enantioseparations of primary amino compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography using chiral crown ether-based chiral stationary phase. Methods Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 23283776 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic compounds containing a primary amino group has been known to be most successful when chiral crown ether-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are used. Among various crown ether-based CSPs, the stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid covalently bonded to silica gel has been successfully applied in the resolution of various racemic compounds containing primary amino groups. In this chapter, the preparation of the CSP based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid covalently bonded to silica gel and examples for the application to the enantioseparation of racemic compounds including α-amino acids, cyclic amines, amino alcohols, and chiral drugs are described.
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23
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Abstract
Chiral recognition phenomena play an important role in nature as well as analytical separation sciences. In separation sciences such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, enantiospecific interactions between the enantiomers of an analyte and the chiral selector are required in order to observe enantioseparations. Due to the large structural variety of chiral selectors applied, different mechanisms and structural features contribute to the chiral recognition process. This chapter briefly illustrates the current models of the enantiospecific recognition on the structural basics of various chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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24
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Paik MJ, Kang JS, Huang BS, Carey JR, Lee W. Development and application of chiral crown ethers as selectors for chiral separation in high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1274:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Bang EJ, Jin JY, Hong JH, Kang JS, Lee WT, Lee WJ. Comparative Studies on Enantiomer Resolution of α-Amino Acids and Their Esters Using (18-Crown-6)-tetracarboxylic acid as a Chiral Crown Ether Selector by NMR Spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.10.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Park SH, Kim SJ, Hyun MH. Enantiomeric Separation of 1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)alkylamines on Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Chiral Crown Ethers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.10.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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28
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Joshi S, Sharma A. Resolution of propranolol and atenolol enantiomers on β-cyclodextrin-impregnated silica gel layers. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Hurtado P, Gámez F, Hamad S, Martínez–Haya B, Steill JD, Oomens J. Multipodal coordination of a tetracarboxylic crown ether with NH 4+: A vibrational spectroscopy and computational study. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:114301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3693518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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30
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Moreno JRA, Ureña FP, González JJL, Gámez F, Martínez-Haya B. Conformational landscape of a chiral crown ether: a vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy and computational study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Choi HJ, Cho HS, Lee SJ, Hyun MH. Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Vigabatrin and Its Analogue γ-Amino Acids on Chiral Stationary Phases Based on (3,3'-Diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Enantioseparation of α-amino acids on an 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid-bonded silica by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1425-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Bhushan R, Agarwal C. Resolution of beta blocker enantiomers by TLC with vancomycin as impregnating agent or as chiral mobile phase additive. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Preparation of a new crown ether-based chiral stationary phase containing thioester linkage for the liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7446-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Guan J, Li J, Yan F, Gu H, Li F. Chiral Separation of Tenatoprazole and Several Related Benzimidazoles by Normal Phase LC Using Amylose-Based Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Effect of the Modification of the Free Carboxylic Acid Groups of an HPLC Chiral Stationary Phase Based on (+)-(18-Crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic Acid on the Chiral Recognition. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.8.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Immobilized-type chiral packing materials for HPLC based on polysaccharide derivatives☆. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 875:2-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Bhushan R, Agarwal C. Direct resolution of six beta blockers into their enantiomers on silica plates impregnated withL-Asp andL-Glu. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.21.2008.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Lakatos S, Fetter J, Bertha F, Huszthy P, Tóth T, Farkas V, Orosz G, Hollósi M. Preparation of a new chiral acridino-18-crown-6 ether-based stationary phase for enantioseparation of racemic protonated primary aralkyl amines. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of N-(3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl)-α-amino Acids on a New Chiral Stationary Phase: the First Liquid Chromatographic Utilization of a Double-Ureide Pocket for the Recognition of Chiral Carboxylate Anions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.11.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Hyun MH, Song Y, Cho YJ, Choi HJ. Resolution of β-amino acids on a high performance liquid chromatographic doubly tethered chiral stationary phase containing N–CH3 amide linkage based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2539-43. [PMID: 17688299 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A doubly tethered chiral stationary phase (CSP) containing N-CH(3 )amide linkage based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was applied to the resolution of various beta-amino acids. The chiral recognition behaviors for the resolution of beta-amino acids on the doubly tethered CSP were consistent with those on the corresponding singly tethered CSP while the chiral recognition ability of the doubly tethered CSP was generally greater in terms of both the separation (alpha) and the resolution factors (R(S)) than that of the corresponding singly tethered CSP. From these results, it was concluded that attaching the second tethering group to silica gel through a carbon atom of the first tethering group of the CSP improves the chiral recognition ability for the resolution of beta-amino acids without any change in the chiral recognition mode. The retention factors (k(1)) on the doubly tethered CSP were larger than those on the corresponding singly tethered CSP and these retention factors were found to be controllable with the variation of the type and the content of the organic and/or acidic modifier in the aqueous mobile phase without significant change in the separation and the resolution factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Choi HJ, Park YJ, Hyun MH. Liquid chromatographic resolution of secondary amino alcohols on a chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164:235-9. [PMID: 17673222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two types of secondary amino alcohols were successfully resolved on a liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. The secondary amino alcohols containing a secondary amino group connected directly to the stereogenic center were resolved much better than those containing a hydroxyl group attached directly to the stereogenic center. In addition, the dependence of the separation factor (alpha) on column temperature was exactly opposite for the two different types of secondary amino alcohols. From the thermodynamic calculations based on Van't Hoff plots, we conclude that the enantioselectivity for the resolution of the secondary amino alcohols containing a secondary amino group connected directly to the stereogenic center is enthalpically controlled while that for the resolution of the secondary amino alcohols containing a hydroxyl group attached directly to the stereogenic center is entropically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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43
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Choi HJ, Hyun MH. Liquid Chromatographic Chiral Separations by Crown Ether‐Based Chiral Stationary Phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701191136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Choi
- a Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Pusan , South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Hyun
- a Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University , Pusan , South Korea
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44
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Hyun MH, Han SC, Choi HJ, Kang BS, Ha HJ. Effect of the residual silanol group protection on the liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic primary amino compounds on a chiral stationary phase based on optically active (3,3′-diphenyl-1,1′-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1138:169-74. [PMID: 17084849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase (CSP) based on (3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphthyl)-20-crown-6, which has been utilized in the resolution of alpha-amino acids, amines and amino alcohols, was treated with excess of n-octyltriethoxysilane to prepare a new improved CSP. The residual silanol groups of the original CSP were protected by n-octyl groups in the new CSP. The chiral recognition ability of the new CSP was superior to that of the original CSP in the resolution of alpha-amino acids, amines and amino alcohols. Retention factors (k1) for the resolution of alpha-amino acids were lower on the new CSP than on the original CSP while those for the resolution of amines and amino alcohols were higher on the new CSP than on the original CSP. The improved chiral recognition ability of the new CSP and the retention behaviors of the two enantiomers on the new CSP have been rationalized to stem from the removal of the non-enantioselective interactions between the analytes and the residual silanol groups of the original CSP and the improved lipophilicity of the CSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Kuemjeong-Ku, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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45
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Preparation of a New Chiral Stationary Phase Based on (2S,3S)-O,O'-Bis-(10-undecenoyl)-N,N'-bis-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-2,3-diamino-1,4-butandiol and Its Application. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.11.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Resolution of β-Amino Acids on a Chiral Stationary Phase Based on (+)-(18-Crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxilic Acid without Extra Free Aminopropyl Groups on Silica Surface. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.11.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Jin JY, Lee W. Liquid chromatographic enantiomer resolution ofN-hydrazide derivatives of 2-aryloxypropionic acids on a crown ether derived chiral stationary phase. Chirality 2006; 19:120-3. [PMID: 17103371 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of several N-hydrazide derivatives of 2-aryloxypropionic acids was performed on a crown ether type chiral stationary phase derived from (18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. The behavior of chromatographic parameters by the change of mobile phases and additives for the resolution of these analytes was investigated. The enantiomers of all analytes were base-line resolved with a mobile phase of 100% methanol containing 20 mM H2SO4. These results are the first reported for enantiomer resolution of chiral acids of 2-aryloxypropionic acids as their N-hydrazide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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48
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Hyun MH, Cho YJ, Song Y, Choi HJ, Kang BS. Preparation and application of a new doubly tethered chiral stationary phase containing NCH3 amide linkage based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. Chirality 2006; 19:74-81. [PMID: 17089339 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new doubly tethered chiral stationary phase (CSP 5) based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid was developed by attaching the second tethering group to silica gel through a carbon atom of the first tethering group of the corresponding singly tethered CSP (CSP 2) containing an N-CH3 tertiary amide linkage, which was previously developed in our laboratory, in order to enhance the CSP stability without the loss of chiral recognition efficiency. The new CSP was quite effective in the resolution of various racemic alpha-amino acids, amines, and amino alcohols, and the chiral recognition efficiency of the new CSP was even greater than that of the corresponding singly tethered CSP especially in terms of the resolution factors (RS). The stability of the new CSP was greater than that of the corresponding singly tethered CSP. The chromatographic resolution behaviors of the new CSP were generally consistent with those of the corresponding singly tethered CSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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