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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Chromatographic supports for enantioselective liquid chromatography: Evolution and innovative trends. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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A perspective on enantioselective chromatography by comparing ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and normal-phase liquid chromatography through the use of a Pirkle-type stationary phase. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Ferri M, Woiwode U, Ma Y, Herrero-Martínez JM, Ramis-Ramos G, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Zwitterionic codeine-derived methacrylate monoliths for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography of chiral acids and chiral bases. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2558-2565. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Javier Carrasco-Correa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Martina Ferri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Ulrich Woiwode
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Yubo Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Lindner Consulting GmbH; Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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5
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Calcaterra A, D’Acquarica I. The market of chiral drugs: Chiral switches versus de novo enantiomerically pure compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:323-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Fernandes C, Phyo YZ, Silva AS, Tiritan ME, Kijjoa A, Pinto MM. Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Small Molecules: An Update of the Last 17 Years. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1326939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ye’ Zaw Phyo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Silva
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M.M. Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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7
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Vojtylová T, Hamplová V, Galewski Z, Korbecka I, Sýkora D. Chiral separation of novel diazenes on a polysaccharide-based stationary phase in the reversed-phase mode. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1465-1469. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Vojtylová
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Physics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Engineering; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Věra Hamplová
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Physics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zbigniew Galewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wroclaw; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Izabela Korbecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wroclaw; Wroclaw Poland
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Engineering; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
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8
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Development and validation of a chiral liquid chromatography method for the determination of MP 3950 enantiomers, a high selective 5-HT 4 receptor agonist, in rat plasma and its application to stereoselective pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Kisley L, Poongavanam MV, Kourentzi K, Willson RC, Landes CF. pH-dependence of single-protein adsorption and diffusion at a liquid chromatographic interface. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:682-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kisley
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston TX USA
| | | | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos; Tecnológico de Monterrey; Monterrey NL Mexico
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston TX USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston TX USA
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10
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Remelli M, Pozzati G, Conato C. Direct chiral resolution of underivatized amino acids on a stationary phase dynamically modified with the ion-exchanger N
τ
-decyl-l
-spinacine. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:894-900. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Remelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giovanni Pozzati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Chiara Conato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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11
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Song WJ, Wei JP, Wang SY, Wang HS. Restricted access chiral stationary phase synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization for direct analysis of biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 832:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Strong cation exchange-type chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation of chiral amines in subcritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1289:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Development of chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Dai Z, Ye G, Pittman CU, Li T. Solution-phase synthesis and evaluation of tetraproline chiral stationary phases. Chirality 2012; 24:329-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Kacprzak KM, Lindner W. Novel Pirkle-type quinine 3,5-dinitrophenylcarbamate chiral stationary phase implementing click chemistry. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2391-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Yao J, Liu W, Li M, Zhang X, Qiao C. Facile Synthesis of New Optically Active Unsaturated Amides Monomers Based on S-(+)-α-Phenyl Ethylamine. Des Monomers Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1163/156855511x598650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Yao
- a School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China;,
| | - Weiliang Liu
- b School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China
| | - Mei Li
- c School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- d School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China
| | - Congde Qiao
- e School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China, Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Processing and Testing Technology of Glass and Functional Ceramics, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P. R. China
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17
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18
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Cancelliere G, Ciogli A, D’Acquarica I, Gasparrini F, Kocergin J, Misiti D, Pierini M, Ritchie H, Simone P, Villani C. Transition from enantioselective high performance to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography: A case study of a brush-type chiral stationary phase based on sub-5-micron to sub-2-micron silica particles. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:990-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Tian Y, Lu W, Che Y, Shen LB, Jiang LM, Shen ZQ. Synthesis and characterization of macroporous silica modified with optically active poly[N-(oxazolinylphenyl)acrylamide] derivatives for potential application as chiral stationary phases. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Mallakpour S, Mirkarimi F. Step-growth polymerization of 5-[(9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboximido)-3-methylbutanoyl-amino]isophthalic acid with aromatic diols. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Ikai T, Okamoto Y. Structure Control of Polysaccharide Derivatives for Efficient Separation of Enantiomers by Chromatography. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6077-101. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8005558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong St. Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong St. Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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22
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Kim K, Banerjee M, Yoon M, Das S. Chiral Metal-Organic Porous Materials: Synthetic Strategies and Applications in Chiral Separation and Catalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2009; 293:115-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2009_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Welch CJ. Microscale chiral HPLC in support of pharmaceutical process research. Chirality 2009; 21:114-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Danger G, Ross D. Chiral separation with gradient elution isotachophoresis for futurein situextraterrestrial analysis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4036-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Linares M, Iavicoli P, Psychogyiopoulou K, Beljonne D, De Feyter S, Amabilino DB, Lazzaroni R. Chiral expression at the solid-liquid interface: a joint experimental and theoretical study of the self-assembly of chiral porphyrins on graphite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9566-9574. [PMID: 18652420 DOI: 10.1021/la8017419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The chiral organization of an enantiopure functional molecule on an achiral surface has been studied with the aim of understanding the influence of stereogenic centers on the self-assembly in two dimensions. A chiral tetra meso-amidophenyl-substituted porphyrin containing long hydrophobic tails at the periphery of the conjugated pi-electron system was prepared for this purpose. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the compound at the graphite-heptanol interface reveal a chiral arrangement of the molecules, with the porphyrin rows tilted by 13 degrees with respect to the normal to the graphite axes. In terms of molecular modeling, a combination of molecular dynamics simulations on systems constrained by periodic boundary conditions and on unconstrained large molecular aggregates has been applied to reach a quantitative interpretation on both the density of the layer and its orientation with respect to the graphite surface. The results show clearly that (i) the methyl groups of the stereogenic point toward the graphite surface and (ii) the porphyrin molecules self-assemble into an interdigitated structure where the alkyl chains align along one of the graphite axes and the porphyrin cores are slightly shifted with respect to one another. The direction of this shift, which defines the chirality of the monolayer, is set by the chirality of the stereogenic centers. Such an arrangement results in the formation of a dense chiral monolayer that is further stabilized by hydrogen bonding with protic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Linares
- Service de Chimie des Materiaux Nouveaux, Universite de Mons-Hainaut, 20, Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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26
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Pragst F. Chapter 13 High performance liquid chromatography in forensic toxicological analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7192(06)06013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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27
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Badaloni E, Cabri W, Ciogli A, Deias R, Gasparrini F, Giorgi F, Vigevani A, Villani C. Combination of HPLC “Inverted Chirality Columns Approach” and MS/MS Detection for Extreme Enantiomeric Excess Determination Even in Absence of Reference Samples. Application to Camptothecin Derivatives. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6013-9. [PMID: 17602501 DOI: 10.1021/ac070776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An original, extremely sensitive and selective HPLC-MS/MS technique for the identification and determination of the minor enantiomer in nonracemic mixtures, even when only one enantiomer is available as reference, is described. The method is based on the so-called "inverted chirality columns approach" (ICCA) and consists of the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) available in both enantiomeric forms: in fact, inversion of the elution order for a pair of enantiomers is observed in response to the change in column chirality. This offers two key advantages: first, it is possible to demonstrate the potential enantioselectivity of the system by generating a virtual racemate, and second, it permits the choosing of the right column chirality for trace determination. Combination with MS/MS detection affords high specificity allowing not only high sensitivity (down to 0.0025% of the minor enantiomer) but also unequivocal peak identification in complex mixtures. Applications to semisynthetic derivatives of camptothecin, endowed with antitumor activity, are reported. Moreover, applicability of ICCA is not limited to this class of molecules but generates universal support. Its use might also be extended to other classes of compounds by using other CSPs, available in both enantiomeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Badaloni
- Analytical Chemistry Department, R&D, Sigma-Tau S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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Hoffmann CV, Laemmerhofer M, Lindner W. Novel strong cation-exchange type chiral stationary phase for the enantiomer separation of chiral amines by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:242-51. [PMID: 17582422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of novel brush-type chiral cation-exchange materials based on de novo designed synthetic low molecular mass selectors (SOs) and their evaluation for enantioselective separation of chiral amines by HPLC are presented. The SO as the functional unit for enantioselectivity contains a beta-aminocyclohexanesulfonic acid moiety and is readily accessible via straightforward synthesis in both enantiomeric forms yielding chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with opposite configurations, CSPs 1 and 2, and reversed elution orders. For the evaluation of these novel CSPs by HPLC a sound set of chiral amines, mainly amino-alcohol type drug molecules, was selected. The chromatographic evaluations were carried out using polar organic mobile phase conditions. All of the analytes could be baseline separated, compared to common CSPs in parts with excellent peak efficiencies (up to 70000 theoretical plates per meter for the second eluted enantiomer). A number of experimental parameters have been varied to look at and prove the underlying ion-exchange process on CSPs 1 and 2, and to reveal suitable conditions for their operation. In this context, the influence of proton activity in the mobile phase and the effects of varying concentration and type of the counterion as well as type of co-ion and of bulk solvent components were thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian V Hoffmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Recognition Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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29
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Feng L, Hu J, Liu Z, Zhao F, Liu G. Preparation and properties of optically active poly(N-methacryloyl l-leucine methyl ester). POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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