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Taleghani A, Eghbali S, Moghimi R, Mokaber-Esfahani M. Crataegus pentagyna willd. Fruits, leaves and roots: phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:126. [PMID: 38504297 PMCID: PMC10949799 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hawthorn has recently been used as a popular herbal medicine in food applications and phytotherapy, especially for the cardiovascular system. METHODS In this study, phytochemicals were evaluated by LC-ESI-MS, GC-MS, and biological activity, including antioxidant (DPPH test) and antibacterial (broth dilution assay), in different extracts of Crataegus pentagyna fruit, leaf, and root. RESULTS Globally, 49 phenolics were tentatively identified using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the hydro-methanolic extract of the fruit (major apigenin, caffeoylquinic acid derivative, and 4-O-(3'-O-glucopyranosyl)-caffeoyl quinic acid), 42 in the leaf (major salicylic acid, naringenin-6-C-glucoside, and naringin), and 33 in the root (major naringenin-7-O-neohesperidoside, isovitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, and 4-O-(3'-O-glucopyranosyl)-caffeoyl quinic acid). The major group compounds analyzed by GC-MS in petroleum ether extracts were hydrocarbons (63.80%) and fatty acids and their derivatives (11.77%) in fruit, hydrocarbons (49.20%) and fatty acids and their derivatives (13.85%) in leaf, and hydrocarbons (53.96%) and terpenes (13.06%) in root. All samples exhibited promising phytochemical profile (total phenol, flavonoid, phenolic acid, and anthocyanin), antioxidant and antibacterial capacities, especially in hydro-methanolic extract of fruit (210.22 ± 0.44 mg GAE/g DE; 79.93 ± 0.54 mg QE/g DE; 194.64 ± 0.32 mg CAE/g DE; 85.37 ± 0.13 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g FW; DPPH: 15.43 ± 0.65 µg/mL; MIC: 0.15-0.62 µg/mL; and MBC: 0.62-1.25 mg/mL), followed by the leaf and root extracts, respectively. The PCA and heatmap analysis results distinguished metabolite profile differences for samples. CONCLUSION The results of the present work provide scientific support for C. pentagyna as antimicrobial agents and natural antioxidants in human health and food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Taleghani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
| | - Samira Eghbali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Roya Moghimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Majid Mokaber-Esfahani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
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Cui M, Cheng L, Zhou Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Li C, Liao B, Fan M, Duan B. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety concerns of hawthorn (Crataegus genus): A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117229. [PMID: 37788786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Crataegus (hawthorn), a member of the Rosaceae family, encompasses several species with broad geographical distribution across the Northern Hemisphere, including Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Hawthorn is recognized as an edible medicinal plant with applications related to strengthening the digestive system, promoting blood circulation, and resolving blood stasis. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study critically summarized the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties to provide a theoretical basis for further studies on hawthorn and its applications in medicine and food. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information on hawthorn was gathered from scientific databases (including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, online ethnobotanical databases, and ethnobotanical monographs, and considered data from 1952 to 2023). Information about traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety concerns of the collected data is comprehensively summarized in this paper. RESULTS The literature review revealed that hawthorn includes more than 1000 species primarily distributed in the northern temperate zone. Traditional uses of hawthorn have lasted for millennia in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Within the past decade, 337 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, lignans, fatty acids and organic acids, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, terpenoids and steroids, have been identified from hawthorn. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed numerous bioactivities, such as cardiovascular system influence, antitumor activity, hepatoprotective activity, antimicrobial properties, immunomodulatory functions, and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, evaluations have indicated that hawthorn lacks toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Based on its traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological studies, hawthorn has significant potential as a medicinal and edible plant with a diverse range of pharmacological activities. Traditional uses of the hawthorn include the treatment of indigestion, dysmenorrhea, and osteoporosis. However, modern pharmacological research primarily focuses on its cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system effects, antitumor effects, and liver protection properties. Currently, there is a lack of correlative research involving its traditional uses and pharmacological activities. Moreover, phytochemical and pharmacological research has yet to focus on many types of hawthorn with traditional applications. Therefore, it is imperative to research the genus Crataegus extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zemei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Yinglin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Chaohai Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Binbin Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Min Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
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Zhang SY, Sun XL, Yang XL, Shi PL, Xu LC, Guo QM. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn): a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1507-1545. [PMID: 36179124 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crataegus pinnatifida (C. pinnatifida), including C. pinnatifida Bge. and its variant C. pinnatifida Bge. var. major N, E. Br., has traditionally been used as a homologous plant for traditional medicine and food in ethnic medical systems in China. Crataegus pinnatifida, especially its fruit, has been used for more than 2000 years to treat indigestion, stagnation of meat, hyperlipidemia, blood stasis, heart tingling, sores, etc. This review aimed to provide a systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications of C. pinnatifida. KEY FINDINGS This plant contains flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, organic acids, saccharides and essential oils. Experimental studies showed that it has hypolipidemic, antimyocardial, anti-ischemia, antithrombotic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic neuroprotective activity, etc. Importantly, it has good effects in treating diseases of the digestive system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. SUMMARY There is convincing evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the traditional uses of C. pinnatifida. However, multitarget network pharmacology and molecular docking technology should be used to study the interaction between the active ingredients and targets of C. pinnatifida. Furthermore, exploring the synergy of C. pinnatifida with other Chinese medicines to provide new understanding of complex diseases may be a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Liang Yang
- School of Classics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Liang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Mei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Optimizing Water-Based Extraction of Bioactive Principles of Hawthorn: From Experimental Laboratory Research to Homemade Preparations. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234420. [PMID: 31816956 PMCID: PMC6930565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is used for its cardiotonic, hypotensive, vasodilative, sedative, antiatherosclerotic, and antihyperlipidemic properties. One of the main goals of this work was to find a well-defined optimized extraction protocol usable by each of us that would lead to repeatable, controlled, and quantified daily uptake of active components from hawthorn at a drinkable temperature (below 60 °C). A thorough investigation of the extraction mode in water (infusion, maceration, percolation, ultrasounds, microwaves) on the yield of extraction and the amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidin oligomers as well as on the Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) profiles of the extracted compounds was carried out. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was also implemented to discriminate the different samples and conditions of extraction. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of the extraction as well as the kinetics of extraction were studied, not only according to the part (flowers or leaves), the state (fresh or dried), and the granulometry of the dry plant, but also the stirring speed, the temperature, the extraction time, the volume of the container (cup, mug or bowl) and the use of infusion bags.
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Li K, Wang W, Liu Y, Jiang S, Huang G, Ye L. Near-infrared Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Technology Tool for Monitoring the Parching Process of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Kinds of Chemical Indicators. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:332-337. [PMID: 28539730 PMCID: PMC5421435 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_416_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The active ingredients and thus pharmacological efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at different degrees of parching process vary greatly. OBJECTIVE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to develop a new method for rapid online analysis of TCM parching process, using two kinds of chemical indicators (5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural [5-HMF] content and 420 nm absorbance) as reference values which were obviously observed and changed in most TCM parching process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three representative TCMs, Areca (Areca catechu L.), Malt (Hordeum Vulgare L.), and Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.), were used in this study. With partial least squares regression, calibration models of NIR were generated based on two kinds of reference values, i.e. 5-HMF contents measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 420 nm absorbance measured by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), respectively. RESULTS In the optimized models for 5-HMF, the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0192, 0.0301, and 0.2600 and correlation coefficients (Rcal) were 99.86%, 99.88%, and 99.88%, respectively. Moreover, in the optimized models using 420 nm absorbance as reference values, the RMSEP for Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn was 0.0229, 0.0096, and 0.0409 and Rcal were 99.69%, 99.81%, and 99.62%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NIR models with 5-HMF content and 420 nm absorbance as reference values can rapidly and effectively identify three kinds of TCM in different parching processes. This method has great promise to replace current subjective color judgment and time-consuming HPLC or UV/Vis methods and is suitable for rapid online analysis and quality control in TCM industrial manufacturing process. SUMMARY Near-infrared spectroscopy.(NIR) was used to develop a new method for online analysis of traditional Chinese medicine.(TCM) parching processCalibration and validation models of Areca, Malt, and Hawthorn were generated by partial least squares regression using 5.(hydroxymethyl) furfural contents and 420.nm absorbance as reference values, respectively, which were main indicator components during parching process of most TCMThe established NIR models of three TCMs had low root mean square errors of prediction and high correlation coefficientsThe NIR method has great promise for use in TCM industrial manufacturing processes for rapid online analysis and quality control. Abbreviations used: NIR: Near-infrared Spectroscopy; TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; Areca: Areca catechu L.; Hawthorn: Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.; Malt: Hordeum vulgare L.; 5-HMF: 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural; PLS: Partial least squares; D: Dimension faction; SLS: Straight line subtraction, MSC: Multiplicative scatter correction; VN: Vector normalization; RMSECV: Root mean square errors of cross-validation; RMSEP: Root mean square errors of validation; Rcal: Correlation coefficients; RPD: Residual predictive deviation; PAT: Process analytical technology; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; ICH: International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Weiying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Su Jiang
- Department of Application, Sichuan Vspec Technologies Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, PR China
| | - Guo Huang
- Department of Application, Sichuan Vspec Technologies Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, PR China
| | - Liming Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Li H, Liu Y, Jin H, Liu S, Fang S, Wang C, Xia C. Separation of vitexin-4″-O-glucoside and vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside from hawthorn leaves extracts using macroporous resins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1007:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gao Y, Du Y, Ying Z, Leng A, Zhang W, Meng Y, Li C, Xu L, Ying X, Kang T. Hepatic, gastric and intestinal first-pass effects of vitexin-2′′-O-rhamnoside in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:111-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Gao
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Yang Du
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 China
| | - Zheming Ying
- First Clinical School; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shenyang 110847 China
| | - Aijing Leng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Yihan Meng
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Cuiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- School of Pharmacy; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Dalian 116600 China
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Luo M, Hu JY, Song ZY, Jiao J, Mu FS, Ruan X, Gai QY, Qiao Q, Zu YG, Fu YJ. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida leaves and evaluation of antioxidant activities of extracts. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07445b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a highly efficient BBD–RSM optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with HPLC method has been established for the simultaneous extraction and determination of CA, VG, VR, ORT, RT, VIT and HYP from Crataegus pinnatifida leaves.
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Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA. Comprehensive assessment of phenolics and antiradical potential of Rumex hastatus D. Don. roots. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:47. [PMID: 24507200 PMCID: PMC3925778 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Roots of Rumex hastatus (Polygonaceae) are traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including liver and lung diseases. In this study, various solvent extracts of R. hastatus roots, like methanolic, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions were assessed through their antioxidant properties in vitro and determination of phenolic contents. Methods Several parameters like DPPH˙, ABTS˙+, ˙OH, H2O2, superoxide free radical scavenging, iron chelating power, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching power, antioxidant capacity and total phenolics and flavonoids were evaluated. High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was also considered. Results Though all the fractions exhibited dose dependant activity. The samples with the highest activity were the butanol and methanol fractions in all the assays except hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay where chloroform fraction showed the highest scavenging aptitude. On the other hand, aquous fraction showed significant beta carotene linoleic acid, while n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a lesser antioxidant activity in all the assays. HPLC revealed the presence of rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, vitexin and luteolin. Conclusion These results have to some extent substantiated the use of R. hastatus roots against different diseases, as an excellent basis of potential antioxidant due to the presence of sufficient amount of phenolics such as rutin and luteolin.
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Plaza M, Kariuki J, Turner C. Quantification of individual phenolic compounds' contribution to antioxidant capacity in apple: a novel analytical tool based on liquid chromatography with diode array, electrochemical, and charged aerosol detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:409-418. [PMID: 24345041 DOI: 10.1021/jf404263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics, particularly from apples, hold great interest because of their antioxidant properties. In the present study, the total antioxidant capacity of different apple extracts obtained by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), which was compared with the conventional antioxidant assays. To measure the antioxidant capacity of individual antioxidants present in apple extracts, a novel method was developed based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (DAD), electrochemical (ECD), and charged aerosol (CAD) detection. HPLC-DAD-ECD-CAD enabled rapid, qualitative, and quantitative determination of antioxidants in the apple extracts. The main advantage of using CAD was that this detector enabled quantification of a large number of phenolics using only a few standards. The results showed that phenolic acids and flavonols were mainly responsible for the total antioxidant capacity of apple extracts. In addition, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, an unidentified phenolic acid, and a quercetin derivative presented the highest antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merichel Plaza
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Polyphenolic profile and biological activity of Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) fruits. Molecules 2012; 17:14490-509. [PMID: 23222867 PMCID: PMC6268084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) fruits are rich in polyphenols (e.g., epicatechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B5, procyanidin C1, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid)—active compounds that exert beneficial effects. This review summarizes all information available on polyphenolic content and methods for their quantification in Chinese hawthorn berries and the relationships between individual polyphenolic compounds as well. The influence of species or cultivars, the locality of cultivation, the stage of maturity, and extract preparation conditions on the polyphenolic content were discussed as well. Currently, only fruits of C. pinnatifida and C. pinnatifida var. major are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Recent trials have demonstrated the efficacy of Chinese hawthorn fruit in lowering blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The fruit has also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. This review deals mainly with the biological activity of the fruit related to its antioxidant properties.
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Kaur P, Chaudhary A, Katiyar A, Singh B, Gopichand, Singh R. Rapid validated RP-HPTLC method for the quantification of major bioactive constituents of Crataegus oxyacanthaL. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shin IS, Lee MY, Lim HS, Ha H, Seo CS, Kim JC, Shin HK. An extract of Crataegus pinnatifida fruit attenuates airway inflammation by modulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ovalbumin induced asthma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45734. [PMID: 23029210 PMCID: PMC3448716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn) has long been used as a herbal medicine in Asia and Europe. It has been used for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial weakness, tachycardia, hypertension and arteriosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Crataegus pinnatifida ethanolic extracts (CPEE) on Th2-type cytokines, eosinophil infiltration, expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and other factors, using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING Airways of OVA-sensitized mice exposed to OVA challenge developed eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion and increased cytokine levels. CPEE was applied 1 h prior to OVA challenge. Mice were administered CPEE orally at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg once daily on days 18-23. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 48 h after the final OVA challenge. Levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in BALF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Lung tissue sections 4 µm in thickness were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin for assessment of cell infiltration and mucus production with PAS staining, in conjunction with ELISA, and Western blot analyses for the expression of MMP-9, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 protein expression. CPEE significantly decreased the Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-5 levels, reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF and airway hyperresponsiveness, suppressed the infiltration of eosinophil-rich inflammatory cells and mucus hypersecretion and reduced the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MMP-9 and the activity of MMP-9 in lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that CPEE can protect against allergic airway inflammation and can act as an MMP-9 modulator to induce a reduction in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. In conclusion, we strongly suggest the feasibility of CPEE as a therapeutic drug for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Shin
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Young Lee
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lim
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seob Seo
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Kyoo Shin
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Edwards JE, Brown PN, Talent N, Dickinson TA, Shipley PR. A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 79:5-26. [PMID: 22608128 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1800s, natural health products that contain hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) have been used in North America for the treatment of heart problems such as hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. Traditionally, Native American tribes used hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) to treat gastrointestinal ailments and heart problems, and consumed the fruit as food. Hawthorn also has a long history of use in Europe and China for food, and in traditional medicine. Investigations of Crataegus spp. typically focus on the identification and quantification of flavonoids and anthocyanins, which have been shown to have pharmacological activity. The main flavonoids found in Crataegus spp. are hyperoside, vitexin, and additional glycosylated derivatives of these compounds. Reviewed herein are the botany, ethnobotany, and traditional use of hawthorn while focusing on the phytochemicals that have been reported in Crataegus species, and the variation in the described chemistry between individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Edwards
- Chemistry, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
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Chen C, Li SX, Wang SM, Liang SW. Multiple information contents derived from the chromatograms and their application to the modeling of quantitative profile–efficacy relationship. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 713:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang CH, Wang YX, Liu HJ. Validation and application by HPLC for simultaneous determination of vitexin-2″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, rutin, vitexin, and hyperoside. J Pharm Anal 2011; 1:291-296. [PMID: 29403712 PMCID: PMC5760805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, precise, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of vitexin-2″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, rutin, vitexin, and hyperoside. The HPLC separation was performed using a Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with the isocratic mobile phase consisting of tetrahydrofuran/ acetonitrile/0.05% phosphoric acid solution (20:3:77, v/v/v), and the flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 360 nm and the whole analysis took 25 min. The method was linear in the range of 4.12–206.00 μg/mL for vitexin-2″-O-glucoside, 4.05–202.50 μg/mL for vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, 1.64–82.00 μg/mL for rutin, 1.74–87.00 μg/mL for vitexin, and 1.41–70.60 μg/mL for hyperoside with the correlation coefficient for each analyte more than 0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.6 and 2 ng for vitexin-2″-O-glucoside, 0.6 and 2 ng for vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, 0.3 and 1 ng for rutin, 1 and 3 ng for vitexin, and 0.5 and 2 ng for hyperoside, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy (RSD) were less than 3%. The developed HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of five flavonoids in hawthorn leaves, hawthorn fruits, and the preparations containing hawthorn leaves or fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-He Wang
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hai-Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710061, China
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Chen C, Li SX, Wang SM, Liang SW. A support vector machine based pharmacodynamic prediction model for searching active fraction and ingredients of herbal medicine: Naodesheng prescription as an example. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:443-7. [PMID: 21664786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex chemical composition of herbal medicine leads to the lack of appropriate method for identifying active compounds and optimizing the formulation of herbal medicine. One of the most commonly used method is bioassay-guided fractionation. However, if the herbal medicine was divided into many fractions, it would cost much money and time in carrying out such a full bioassay. So, can we just perform the bioassay of a few fractions, and then develop a method to predict the bioactivities of other fractions? This study is designed to try to answer the question. In this work, a support vector machine (SVM) pharmacodynamic prediction model was introduced to search active fraction and ingredients of Naodesheng prescription. The prescription was first divided into five extracts, yielding a total of 2⁵=32 combinations. Anti-platelet aggregation experiment with SD rats was just carried out on 16 combinations. The effects of the remained 32-16=16 combinations were then predicted by the SVM model. The prediction quality was evaluated by both the rigorous jackknife test and the independent dataset validation test. Furthermore, the present method was compared with the frequently used MLR, PCR and PLSR. The present method outperforms the other 3 methods, yielding: RMSECV=2.40, R=0.895 by the jackknife test and RMSEP=7.41, R=0.910 by the independent dataset test. It indicates that the SVM prediction model has good accuracy and generalization ability. The active fraction and ingredients of Naodesheng prescription were then predicted by the model. It is believed that the present model can be extended to help search the active fraction and ingredients of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Martino E, Collina S, Rossi D, Bazzoni D, Gaggeri R, Bracco F, Azzolina O. Influence of the extraction mode on the yield of hyperoside, vitexin and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside from Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (hawthorn). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:534-540. [PMID: 18618435 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extract of Crataegus monogyna shows sedative, hypotensive, vasodilator and cardio-tonic actions. Although several papers dealing with the extraction of metabolites from Crataegus have been published, the plant productivity in terms of bioactive compounds is not easily understandable as yet. OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the extraction mode on the yield of bioactive compounds from Crataegus monogyna Jacq. in order to evaluate plant productivity. METHODOLOGY Samples were prepared by extraction of powdered material obtained from top branches, flowers and leaves. Soxhlet extraction, maceration and ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction at different experimental conditions were investigated for the exhaustive extraction of hyperoside, vitexin and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside. The phytocomponents were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV/PAD, comparing HPLC retention times and UV spectra of individual peaks with those of the standards analysed under the same conditions. RESULTS An easy-to-use HPLC isocratic method suitable for the quantification of hyperoside, vitexin and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in raw plant extracts was developed. The optimised HPLC methodology was applied to evaluate different extraction procedures. The ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction protocols showed higher extraction efficiency than the others. In particular, the optimised microwave protocol gave rise to the highest extraction efficiency with high reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS A microwave protocol combined with isocratic HPLC analysis is proposed for the rapid screening of plant materials collected in different environmental conditions in order to evaluate the productivity of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and to find out the best ecological conditions to cultivate hawthorn in Northern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Martino
- Department of Territorial Ecology, University of Pavia, Via s. Epifanio, 14-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Stalikas CD. Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:3268-95. [PMID: 18069740 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The impetus for developing analytical methods for phenolic compounds in natural products has proved to be multifaceted. Hundreds of publications on the analysis of this category of compounds have appeared over the past two decades. Traditional and more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample preparation, separation, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated and extensive overview of methods and their applications in natural product matrices and samples of biological origin. In addition, it critically appraises recent developments and trends, and provides selected representative bibliographic examples.
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