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Nie L, Yohannes A, Yao S. Recent advances in the enantioseparation promoted by ionic liquids and their resolution mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461384. [PMID: 32797857 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
More and more various chemical media are being applied in enantioseparation; among them, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted the long-term attention in this decade as green designable solvents. This paper provides comprehensive overview for the applications of ILs in chiral extraction, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and other techniques for enantioseparation. Additionally, the important resolution mechanisms based on ILs have also been summarized and discussed. This review focuses on the latest development of enantioseparation methods by using ILs in various modes, leading to meaningful and valuable information to related fields and thus promotes further research and application of reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Nie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Alula Yohannes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Xu Z, Xue T, He T. Investigation on the chiral recognition mechanism between verteporfin and cholate salts by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2905-2913. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Xu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Xue
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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Porada JH, Zauser D, Feucht B, Stubenrauch C. Tailored ionic liquid-based surfactants for the formation of microemulsions with water and a hydrophobic ionic liquid. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6352-6356. [PMID: 27405741 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsions (μe) with water and a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) usually require 45-60 wt% surfactant to solubilize equal amounts of water and IL. To increase the efficiency we designed a new class of surfactants by combining a hydrophilic but IL-ophobic carbohydrate-based part with a hydrophobic but IL-ophilic IL-based part. These surfactants allow formulating microemulsions with 20 wt% surfactant only which opens up a new arena for efficient water-IL μes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Porada
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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El-Hady DA, Albishri HM, Wätzig H. Ionic liquids in enhancing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis: Off-line and on-line sample preconcentration techniques. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1609-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deia Abd El-Hady
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Albishri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
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Abstract
Recently, a great interest was drawn toward ionic liquids (ILs) in analytical separation techniques. ILs possess many properties making them excellent additives in capillary electrophoresis (CE) background electrolytes (BGE). The most important property is the charge of the dissolved ions in BGE enabling the cations to interact with deprotonated silanol groups on the capillary surface and thereby modifying the electroosmotic flow (EOF). Ionic and/or proton donor-acceptor interactions between analyte and IL are possible interactions facilitating new kinds of separation mechanisms in CE. Further advantages of ILs are the high conductivity, the environmentally friendliness, and the good solubility for organic and inorganic compounds. The most commonly used ILs in capillary electrophoresis are dialkylimidazolium-based ILs, whereas for enantioseparation a lot of innovative chiral cations and anions were investigated.ILs are reported to be additives to a normal CE background electrolyte or the sole electrolyte in CE, nonaqueous CE (NACE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and in enantioseparation. An overview of applications and separation mechanisms reported in the literature is given here, in addition to the enantioseparation of pseudoephedrine using tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as IL additive to an ammonium formate buffer containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
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Ni X, Yu M, Cao Y, Cao G. Microstructure of microemulsion modified with ionic liquids in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and analysis of seven corticosteroids. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2568-76. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiong Ni
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Yu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Cao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Guangqun Cao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi P. R. China
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Stavrou IJ, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Use of chiral amino acid ester-based ionic liquids as chiral selectors in CE. Electrophoresis 2013. [PMID: 23208781 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the applicability of a chiral ionic liquid (CIL) as the sole chiral selector in CE was investigated for the first time. In particular, five amino acid ester-based CILs were synthesized and used as additives in the BGE in order to evaluate their chiral recognition ability. The performance of these CILs as the sole chiral selectors was evaluated by using 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2-diylhydrogenphosphate (BNP) as the analyte and by comparing the resolution values. Different parameters were examined, such as the alkyl group bulkiness and the configuration of the cation, the anion type of the CIL and its concentration, and the pH of the BGE, in order to optimize the separation of the enantiomers and to demonstrate the effect that each parameter has on the chiral-recognition ability of the CIL. Baseline separation of BNP within 13 min was achieved by using a BGE of 100 mM Tris/10 mM sodium tetraboratedecahydrate (pH 8) and a chiral selector of 60 mM l-alanine tert butyl ester lactate. The run-to-run and batch-to-batch reproducibilities were also evaluated by computing the %RSD values of the EOF and the two enantiomer peaks. In both cases, very good reproducibilities were observed, since all %RSD values were below 1%.
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Qi S, Zhang H, Zhu J, Chen X, Qi L. Ionic Liquids as Modifiers to Improve the Separation Efficiency of Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis with High Electric Field Strengths. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:460-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pino V, Germán-Hernández M, Martín-Pérez A, Anderson JL. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants in Separation Science. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.620589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wang Q, Qiu H, Han H, Liu X, Jiang S. Two-step stacking by sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking using a long-chain cationic ionic liquid surfactant. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:589-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen Z, Zhong Z, Xia Z, Yang F, Mu X. Separation of Fluoroquinolones by MEKC Modified with Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid as a Modifier. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Effects of ionic liquids on micellar microstructures and separation performance in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Se Pu 2011; 29:131-6. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2011.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Electrophoretic separation of acidic and basic proteins in the presence of micromolar concentrations of an ionic liquid. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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El Deeb S, Iriban MA, Gust R. MEKC as a powerful growing analytical technique. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:166-83. [PMID: 21171121 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the principle and the developments in MEKC in terms of separation power, sensitivity, and detection approaches more than 25 years after its appearance. Newly used surfactants are mentioned. Classical and new sample concentration techniques in MEKC are described. The different detection approaches in MEKC with advantages, limitations, and future prospects are also discussed. This review highlights the wider application of MEKC in different analytical fields. Various recent selected applications of this technique in different analytical fields are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kojtari AB, Guetschow ED, Foley JP. The effect of co-surfactant-modified micelles on chiral separations in EKC. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2829-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Ionic liquids used in and analyzed by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4817-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Methodological and instrumental advances focused on practical aspects. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:50-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Preinerstorfer B, Lämmerhofer M, Lindner W. Advances in enantioselective separations using electromigration capillary techniques. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:100-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Varenne A, Descroix S. Recent strategies to improve resolution in capillary electrophoresis—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Synthesis of cationic β-cyclodextrin derivatives and their applications as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1203:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Tran CD, Mejac I. Chiral ionic liquids for enantioseparation of pharmaceutical products by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Qiu H, Zhang Q, Chen L, Liu X, Jiang S. Long-chain alkylimidazolium ionic liquids, a new class of cationic surfactants coated on ODS columns for anion-exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2791-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Borissova M, Palk K, Koel M. Micellar electrophoresis using ionic liquids. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1183:192-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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