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Supercritical extraction and antioxidant activity of major ingredients in Puerariae lobatae root, Pinus massoniana needle, Citrus reticulata peel and their mixture. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Adsorption and Purification of Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Extract by Ionic Liquids (ILs) Grafted Silica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082322. [PMID: 33923637 PMCID: PMC8073518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin which has multiple biological activities is the main active component of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG). Although its isolation and purification by adsorption methods have aroused much interest of the scientific community, it suffered from the poor selectivity of the adsorbents. In this work, an environmentally benign method was developed to prepare ionic liquids (ILs) grafted silica by using IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4mim]NTf2) and ethanol as reaction media. The IL 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C3mim]Cl) grafted silica ([C3mim]+Cl−@SiO2) was used to adsorb and purify baicalin from the root extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG). Experimental results indicated that the adsorption equilibrium can be quickly achieved (within 10 min). The adsorption behavior of [C3mim]+Cl−@SiO2 for baicalin was in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich models and the adsorption was a physisorption process as suggested by Dubinin–Radushkevich model. Compared with commercial resins, [C3mim]+Cl−@SiO2 showed the strongest adsorption ability and highest selectivity. After desorption and crystallization, a purity of baicalin as high as 96.5% could be obtained. These results indicated that the ILs grafted silica materials were promising adsorbents for the adsorption and purification of baicalin and showed huge potential in the purification of other bioactive compounds from natural sources.
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Liu J, Ma X, Shi W, Xing J, Ma C, Li S, Huang Y. Ultraviolet blocking and antioxidant polyvinyl alcohol films incorporated with baicalin extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Baicalin, an active flavonoid ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, was extracted by heat reflux extraction and showed the same significance UV absorption property with standard baicalin. Active films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing baicalin extract by casting method. The effect of baicalin extracts on the UV-blocking, optical, antioxidant property, water vapor permeability, swelling and mechanical properties of the films were studied. UV–vis transmittance spectra showed that PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract blocked ultraviolet light range from 280–400 nm even with low concentration of baicalin (0.5 wt%) and maintain the high transparency in visible spectrum. The outstanding UV-blocking properties of PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract were also confirmed by Rhodamine B degradation. Baicalin conferred antioxidant properties to PVA films as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Due to the interaction between hydroxy groups of baicalin and PVA molecule, water vapor permeability, swelling and elongation at break of the films were decreased accompanied with the increasing in tensile strength and Young’s modulus. FTIR reveal that the interaction between PVA molecules was significant changed by the introduction of baicalin. These results suggest that PVA film incorporated with baicalin extract can be used for the development of functional protective film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an 710129 , Shaanxi Province, China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an 710129 , Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenzhao Shi
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Jianwei Xing
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Susong Li
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Yayi Huang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
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Baicalin mediated regulation of key signaling pathways in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105387. [PMID: 33352232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been widely investigated against different types of malignancies both at the cellular and molecular levels over the past few years. Due to its remarkable anti-proliferative potential in numerous cancer cell lines, it has created immense interest as a potential chemotherapeutic modality compared to other flavonoids. Thus, this review focuses on the recent accomplishments of baicalin and its limitations in cancer prevention and treatment. Further, combination studies and nanoformulations using baicalin to treat cancer along with the metabolism, bioavailability, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics have been discussed. The present review explains biological source, and anti-proliferative potential of baicalin against cancers including breast, colon, hepatic, leukemia, lung, and skin, as well as the relevant mechanism of action to modulate diverse signaling pathways including apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and migration, angiogenesis, and autophagy. The anticancer mechanism of baicalin in orthotropic and xenograft mice models have been deliberated. The combination studies of baicalin in novel therapies as chemotherapeutic adjuvants have also been summarized. The low bioavailability, fast metabolism, and poor solubility, and other significant factors that limit the clinical use of baicalin have been examined as a challenge. The improvement in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of baicalin with newer approaches and the gaps are highlighted, which could establish baicalin as an effective and safe compound for cancer treatment as well as help to translate its potential from bench to bedside.
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Ma XD, Zhang XG, Guo SJ, Ma GY, Liu WJ, Wang N, Feng M, Su Y. Application of enzyme-assisted extraction of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:241-251. [PMID: 32820988 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1808791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes may depend on degrading the plant cell wall with cellulases for their survival. Therefore, cellulase produced by endophytes may be useful in releasing the active ingredient of medicinal plants. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant widely used in China and baicalin is one of its main active ingredients. In this study, fresh S. baicalensis Georgi was used to isolate endophytes, Congo red staining was used to screen cellulase-producing strains, and HPLC was used to determine the content of baicalin in S. baicalensis Georgi. As a result, a highly active strain of endophyte capable of the extraction of high levels of baicalin was obtained. The strain was named HG-5 and identified as Bacillus sp. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the enzyme better promotes the dissolution of plant active ingredients. After optimizing the enzyme production and extraction processes, we found that when compared with the traditional extraction method, the baicalin yield was increased 79.31% after extraction with the HG-5 enzyme. The current study provides a novel approach and method for the use of endophyte cellulase to improve the extraction of compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Guo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yan Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Su
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
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Guo N, Bai Z, Jia W, Sun J, Wang W, Chen S, Wang H. Quantitative Analysis of Polysaccharide Composition in Polyporus umbellatus by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142526. [PMID: 31295903 PMCID: PMC6681038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyporus umbellatus is a well-known and important medicinal fungus in Asia. Its polysaccharides possess interesting bioactivities such as antitumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. A qualitative and quantitative method has been established for the analysis of 12 monosaccharides comprising polysaccharides of Polyporus umbellatus based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–ion trap–time of flight–mass spectrometry. The hydrolysis conditions of the polysaccharides were optimized by orthogonal design. The results of optimized hydrolysis were as follows: neutral sugars and uronic acids 4 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 6 h, 120 °C; and amino sugars 3 mol/L TFA, 3 h, 100 °C. The resulting monosaccharides derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone have been well separated and analyzed by the established method. Identification of the monosaccharides was carried out by analyzing the mass spectral behaviors and chromatography characteristics of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeled monosaccharides. The results showed that polysaccharides in Polyporus umbellatus were composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, ribose, lyxose, erythrose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose. Quantitative recoveries of these monosaccharides in the samples were in the range of 96.10–103.70%. This method is simple, accurate, and sensitive for the identification and quantification of monosaccharides, and can be applied to the quality control of Polyporusumbellatus as a natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zongli Bai
- Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, Puning 515300, China
| | - Weijuan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, Puning 515300, China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shizhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Han ZM, Wang X, Xu MM, Wang YH, Yang LM, Han M. Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Rapid Resolution LC-MS/ESI Identification of Chromones from Saposhnikoviae Radix through Orthogonal Array Design. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Moore OA, Gao Y, Chen AY, Brittain R, Chen YC. The Extraction, Anticancer Effect, Bioavailability, and Nanotechnology of Baicalin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 27790646 PMCID: PMC5079443 DOI: 10.23937/2572-3278.1510011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The dried root of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) has been historically and widely used in traditional Eastern medicine. Modern science proved that baicalin is the major bioactive responsible for the physiological activity of Baikal skullcap. Baicalin, a flavonoid found in several species in the genus Scutellaria, has been regarded as a potent anticancer agent. In this review, we present the main extraction methods, anticancer activity and bioavailability of baicalin. Besides, the utilization of nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of baicalin is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrea A Moore
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Allen Y Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Ross Brittain
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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Tabernero A, González-Garcinuño Á, Galán MA, Martín del Valle EM. Survey of supercritical fluid techniques for producing drug delivery systems for a potential use in cancer therapy. REV CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStandard drug delivery systems for cancer treatment usually comprise a device with a specific size and shape (depending on the type of cancer that has to be treated), which is composed by a biodegradable compound with a chemotherapeutic entrapped within it. This device should have a molecule (mainly a protein) bound to its surface to target only cancer cells. On the contrary, supercritical fluids (SCF) have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for creating drug delivery systems or for extracting drugs from natural sources. This review explains the potential of SCFs for cancer therapies by studying the current uses of the different high-pressure processes that can be useful for this medical treatment, such as the development of new drug delivery systems (with their drug release) or the extraction of chemotherapeutics from a vegetal matrix.
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de Melo M, Silvestre A, Silva C. Supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable matrices: Applications, trends and future perspectives of a convincing green technology. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chu FM, Chang KT, Chen KM, Wei GT. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Camptothecin from Nothapodytes Foetida. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang X, Yang M, Hou B, Li S, Zhang Y, Lu R, Zhang S. Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets using an orthogonal array design and its application for the determination of fungicide concentrations in environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1996-2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Miyi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Bang Hou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Songqing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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Optimisation of process variables for antioxidant components from Crataegus monogyna by supercritical fluid extraction (CO2) using BoxBehnken experimental design. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tian X, Cheng ZY, He J, Jia LJ, Qiao HL. Concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of baicalin on the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a dual probe of CYP2D and CYP3A, in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 203:522-9. [PMID: 23458730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been shown to possess many pharmacological effects, including antiviral, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current study, we reveal the inhibitory effects of baicalin on the metabolism of dextromethorphan (DXM), a dual probe substrate of CYP2D and CYP3A, in rats. Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrated that baicalin inhibited the activities of CYP2D and CYP3A in a non-competitive manner in rat liver microsomes (RLMs). Concomitant administration of baicalin (0.90 g/kg, i.v.) and DXM (10 mg/kg, i.v.) increased the maximum drug concentration (C(max)) (37%) and the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) (42%) and decreased the clearance (CL) (27%) of DXM in a randomised, crossover study in rats (P < 0.01). The change in the AUC of DXM was significantly correlated with the C(max) and AUC of baicalin (P < 0.05). The inhibitory effects of multiple doses of baicalin (0.90 g/kg, i.v., 12 days) on the metabolism of DXM were similar to those observed following a single dose in rats. The activity of CYP3A in excised liver samples from rats following multiple baicalin treatment was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05), whereas multiple doses of baicalin had no obvious effect on the activity of CYP2D. Taken together, these data demonstrate that baicalin inhibits the metabolism of DXM in a concentration-dependent manner in rats, possibly through inhibiting hepatic CYP2D and CYP3A activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Akay S, Alpak I, Yesil-Celiktas O. Effects of process parameters on supercritical CO2 extraction of total phenols from strawberry (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits: An optimization study. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1925-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Duan P, Wang Y, Yang Y, Dai L. Optimization of Adiponitrile Hydrolysis in Subcritical Water Using an Orthogonal Array Design. J SOLUTION CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-008-9362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu B, Shen B, Guo F, Chang Y. Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of dl-tetrahydropalmatine from rhizome of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang with orthogonal array design. Sep Purif Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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