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Xu Y, Feng X, Chen Y, Zheng P, Hui L, Chen Y, Yu JZ, Wang Z. Development of an enhanced method for atmospheric carbonyls and characterizing their roles in photochemistry in subtropical Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165135. [PMID: 37379917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous and play vital roles in tropospheric photochemistry and oxidation capacity, particularly affecting radical cycling and ozone formation. An enhanced method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed to simultaneously quantify 47 carbonyl compounds with carbon (C) numbers from 1 to 13. Applying this new method to samples collected at ground and ship-borne field campaigns, we investigated the abundance, characteristic distribution, and photochemical activity of carbonyl species in the coastal atmosphere of Hong Kong. The total concentration of detected carbonyls ranged from 9.1 to 32.7 ppbv and exhibited distinct spatial variability. In addition to the usual abundant carbonyl species (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone), aliphatic saturated aldehydes with C ≥ 5 (particularly hexaldehyde and nonanaldehyde), and di‑carbonyls, exhibit significant abundance and photochemical reactivity in the coastal site and on the sea. The measured carbonyls could contribute to an estimated peroxyl radical formation rate of 1.88-8.43 ppb/h via OH oxidation and photolysis, greatly enhancing oxidation capacity and radical cycling. The ozone formation potential (OFP) estimated from the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) was dominated (69 %-82 %) by formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, with significant contribution (4 %-13 %) from di‑carbonyls. Furthermore, another dozens of long-chain carbonyls without MIR values, which were typically below detection or not included in the conventional analytical method, would increase the ozone formation rate by an additional 2 %-33 %. Additionally, the glyoxal, methylglyoxal, benzaldehyde and other α, β-unsaturated aldehydes also exhibited considerable contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential. This study highlights the importance of various reactive carbonyls in the atmospheric chemistry of urban and coastal regions. The newly developed method can effectively characterize more carbonyl compounds and advance our understanding of their roles in photochemical air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lirong Hui
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Selective determination of formaldehyde by high-performance liquid chromatography with porous graphitic carbon column using N,N'-bis(9-anthrylmethyl)propane-1,3-diamine as derivatizing reagent. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:285-295. [PMID: 36550369 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds containing two secondary amino groups were designed and prepared as new derivatizing reagents for aldehydes. One of them, N,N'-bis(9-anthrylmethyl)propane-1,3-diamine (APD), could achieve selective determination of formaldehyde (FA) on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column using xylenes, chlorobenzene, and 1-chloronaphthalene as mobile phases by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The APD-FA derivative was eluted from the PGC column, while the other APD-aldehyde derivatives remained on the column during the HPLC measurements. This specific elution was not observed using mobile phases such as acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, chloroform, benzene, toluene, benzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and pyridine. The APD-FA derivative had a six-membered ring of two tertiary amines identified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. When the π-π interaction of the solvent molecule of the mobile phase with PGC overcame that between the APD-FA derivative and PGC, the APD-FA derivative could be eluted from the column. The best resolution between the peak of the APD-FA derivative and that of free APD was observed when using o-xylene. The optimum derivatization and the HPLC conditions for selective HPLC determination of FA were to conduct the derivatization of FA by heating in an aqueous phase with APD in o-xylene at 100 °C. In this method, FA could be derivatized with APD at a mildly neutral pH of 6.7, unlike the low pH required for the derivatization of aldehydes with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), which is commonly used for the derivatization of aldehydes. The detection and quantification limits of FA were 0.8 and 3.5 ng mL-1 in this HPLC method with fluorescent detection, respectively. This selective HPLC method could be applied to the determination of FA in various water samples. It was found that only APD among the derivatizing reagents containing two secondary diamines was useful for the selective determination of FA.
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Hui X, Tian JM, Wang X, Zhang ZQ, Zhao YM, Gao WY, Li H. Overall analyses of the reactions catalyzed by acetohydroxyacid synthase/acetolactate synthase using a precolumn derivatization-HPLC method. Anal Biochem 2023; 660:114980. [PMID: 36368345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A precolumn derivatization-HPLC method using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine as respective labeling reagents for comprehensive analyses of the reactions catalyzed by acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)/acetolactate synthase (ALS) is developed and evaluated in this research. Comparison with the classic Bauerle' UV assay which can analyze the enzymes only through measurement of acetoin production, the HPLC method shows advantages because it can analyze the enzymes not only via determination of consumption of the substrate pyruvate, but also via measurement of formation of the products including acetoin, 2,3-butanedione, and acetaldehyde in the enzymatic reactions. Thus the results deduced from the HPLC method can reflect the trait of each enzyme in a more precise manner. As far as we know, this is the first time that the reactions mediated by AHAS/ALS using pyruvate as a single substrate are globally analyzed and the features of the enzymes are properly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hui
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jin-Meng Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Zhen-Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Heng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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Wingfors H, Mörén L, Wiktelius D, Magnusson R. The potential of thermal desorption-GC/MS-based analytical methods for the unambiguous identification and quantification of perfluoroisobutene and carbonyl fluoride in air samples. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2968-2976. [PMID: 35686932 PMCID: PMC9545249 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The reactive gases perfluoroisobutene and carbonyl fluoride are highly toxic and difficult to analyze in air. For this paper, the available sampling and analysis methods involving gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were investigated for their potential to give unambiguous identification and quantification of perfluoroisobutene and carbonyl fluoride, for which no such methods exist. Although high concentrations of perfluoroisobutene could be analyzed directly by manual split injection, sorbent sampling followed by thermal desorption GC/MS allowed lower concentrations to be analyzed. However, a significant degradation of perfluoroisobutene observed after thermal desorption analysis inspired the use of derivatization of perfluoroisobutene with 3,4‐dimercaptotoluene. The use of Tenax TA sorbent tubes spiked with 3,4‐dimercaptotoluene and trimethylamine in a molar ratio of 1:8 proved successful for the quantification of a unique perfluoroisobutene derivative, and the method was validated for atmospheres in the range of 0.13–152 ppb with a relative standard deviation of less than 20% and an accuracy of 90%. Although carbonyl fluoride was less stable than perfluoroisobutene, direct analysis was possible at high concentrations but the response was not linear. The 3,4‐dimercaptotoluene derivatization method developed was also applicable for quantification of carbonyl fluoride atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Wingfors
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Mörén
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Wiktelius
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roger Magnusson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
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Schieweck A, Uhde E, Salthammer T. Determination of acrolein in ambient air and in the atmosphere of environmental test chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1729-1746. [PMID: 34591059 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (2-propenal) is a reactive substance undergoing multiple reaction pathways and an airborne pollutant with known corrosive, toxic and hazardous effects to the environment and to human health. So far, investigating the occurrence of acrolein in indoor air has been challenging due to analytical limitations. The classic DNPH-method has proven to be error-prone, even though it is still recommended in specific testing protocols. Thus, different approaches for an accurate determination of ambient acrolein have been introduced. In this work, an overview of already published data regarding emission sources and air concentrations is provided. In addition, a new method for the quantitative determination of acrolein in environmental test chambers and in indoor air is presented. Analysis is carried out using thermal desorption and coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) after sampling on the graphitized carbon black (GCB) Carbograph™ 5TD. All analytical steps have been carefully validated and compared with derivatization techniques (DNPH and DNSH) as well as online detection using PTR-QMS. The sampling time is short due to the low air collection volume of 4 L. Although derivatization is not applied, a detection limit of 0.1 μg m-3 can be achieved. By increasing the sampling volume to 6 L, the limit of detection can be lowered to 0.08 μg m-3. No breakthrough during sampling or analyte loss during storage of the acrolein laden sampling tubes was found. Therefore, the presented method is robust, easy-to-handle and also very suitable for routine analyses and surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schieweck
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Erik Uhde
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
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García-Alonso S, Bernal-Páez AM, Pérez-Pastor RM. Reduced solvent and reagent amounts: effect on carbonyl dinitrophenylhydrazone measurements at low concentrations. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1976-1985. [PMID: 33913951 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02288h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to advance towards a more affordable laboratory procedure for sample treatment to determine carbonyl compounds by derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The proposal is based on reducing the amount of DNPH and solvents. A simple addition of standard carbonyls in a solution containing DNPH to prepare hydrazone standards is described and evaluated. Tedious recrystallization steps are avoided. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, tolualdehyde and hexanal, as carbonyl models, were quantified using a DNPH concentration of 400 μg mL-1 and 3.8 mM H2SO4 and by keeping for 24 hours at room temperature. Analytical coefficients of variation between 10 and 25% were found from the analysis of blanks under intermediate conditions (two different devices, very different concentrations of DNPH and analysis on two days). From these values of relative standard deviations and background levels, quantification limits were estimated between 15 and 40 ng mL-1. The reduction of reagent amounts allows the operator to better control the background levels in the use of DNPH, as well as making the method more cost-effective and easy to use. In short, it leads to a more sustainable adaptation of the classical method. The versatility in analytical application was tested to estimate the levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone in very different types of environmental samples. In particular, outdoor and indoor samples were collected in filters and impregnated cartridges, respectively. Moreover, tars in 2-propanol and particulate matter from gasification processes were also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Alonso
- CIEMAT, Technology Department, Chemistry Division, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain.
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Souza MDO, Sánchez B, Fuentes M, Gilaranz J, Canela MC. Analytical validation using a gas mixing system for the determination of gaseous formaldehyde. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5247-5256. [PMID: 33094294 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01363c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde levels in the atmosphere are a concern in the indoor and outdoor air and many methods for determining this compound have been developed. The use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) for reaction with formaldehyde, catalyzed by acid, forming a hydrazone derivative in cartridges is considered the standard method for analyzing formaldehyde compounds in the air. However, formaldehyde is quantified using an analytical curve, created by diluting liquid standards of the formaldehyde-DNPH product. The analysis aims to quantify the gas phase formaldehyde, and it may be subject to experimental biases from the differences in the matrix of the sample (gas) and calibration standard (liquid). The objective of this work was to build an analytical curve in the gaseous phase using a synthetic air/formaldehyde mixing system (SFMS) and sampling with SPE-DNPH-tubes, comparing with the analytical curve in the liquid phase adopted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Parameters of linearity, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy (recovery) were determined from the analytical curve in the gaseous phase. The best recovery in DNPH-tubes was obtained using the range of 400-1600 mL min-1 of flow rates in the gaseous phase. The sampling and reaction/elution of formaldehyde using DNPH-tubes presented adequate linearity and a similar sensitivity in the liquid analytical curve. Considering the LOD and LOQ in the gaseous phase, the values in nanograms are higher than those in the liquid phase. This study suggests that the quantification of formaldehyde in ambient air may be subject to bias due to differences in derivatization reaction efficiency. However, the results prove the efficiency of formaldehyde recovery from the atmosphere and the validity of the use of this DNPH-tube method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo de O Souza
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Ambiental (GPQA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Xue S, Jiang XF, Zhang G, Wang H, Li Z, Hu X, Chen M, Wang T, Luo A, Ho HP, He S, Xing X. Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Optical Formaldehyde Sensor Based on CdSe@ZnS Quantum Dots. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1002-1009. [PMID: 32181650 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a reproducible surface plasmon-enhanced optical sensor for the detection of gaseous formaldehyde was proposed, which was fabricated by depositing a mixture of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs), fumed silica (FS), and gold nanoparticles (GNs) on the surface of a silica sphere array to meet the urgent requirement of a rapid, sensitive, and highly convenient formaldehyde detection method. Because of the spectral overlap between QDs and GNs, plasmon-enhanced fluorescence was observed in the film of QDs/FS/GNs. When exposed to formaldehyde molecules, the enhanced fluorescence was quenched linearly with the increase of formaldehyde concentration in the range of 0.5-2.0 ppm. The reason is attributed to the nonradiative electron transfer from QDs to the carbonyl of formaldehyde molecules with the assistance of amino groups. Our results demonstrate that the designed sensors are capable of detecting ultralow concentration gaseous formaldehyde at room temperature with a fast response-recovery time and excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. This work provides a simple and low-cost approach for optical formaldehyde sensor fabrication and shows promising applications in environmental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xue
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Geng Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Information Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Zongbao Li
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tianci Wang
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aiping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ho-pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Sailing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Derivatization of Methylglyoxal for LC-ESI-MS Analysis-Stability and Relative Sensitivity of Different Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112994. [PMID: 30453519 PMCID: PMC6278547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The great research interest in the quantification of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO) in biological and environmental samples, is reflected by the fact that several publications have described specific strategies to perform this task. Thus, many reagents have also been reported for the derivatization of RCCs to effectively detect and quantify the resulting compounds using sensitive techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). However, the choice of the derivatization protocol is not always clear, and a comparative evaluation is not feasible because detection limits from separate reports and determined with different instruments are hardly comparable. Consequently, for a systematic comparison, we tested 21 agents in one experimental setup for derivatization of RCCs prior to LC-MS analysis. This consisted of seven commonly employed reagents and 14 similar reagents, three of which were designed and synthesized by us. All reagents were probed for analytical responsiveness of the derivatives and stability of the reaction mixtures. The results showed that derivatives of 4-methoxyphenylenediamine and 3-methoxyphenylhydrazine—reported here for the first time for derivatization of RCCs—provided a particularly high responsiveness with ESI-MS detection. We applied the protocol to investigate MGO contamination of laboratory water and show successful quantification in a lipoxidation experiment. In summary, our results provide valuable information for scientists in establishing accurate analysis of RCCs.
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Ochs SDM, Furtado LDA, Cerqueira WV, Pereira Netto AD. Characterization of the variation of carbonyl compounds concentrations before, during, and after the renovation of an apartment at Niterói, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15605-15615. [PMID: 27130339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the variation of 31 carbonyl compounds (CC) in an apartment located at Niterói City, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Eight sampling campaigns were conducted through a 1-year period, and three areas (living room, kitchen, and bedroom) were evaluated before, during, and after the renovation activities and reoccupation of the apartment. Samples were collected using SEP-PAK cartridges impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and the hydrazones were analyzed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography with UV detection. The lowest total concentration of CC (19.0 ± 1.5 μg m(-3)) was found before the renovation when the apartment was empty, but door varnishing resulted in highest contamination of the apartment (1386 ± 384 μg m(-3)); however, an important dispersion of CC was observed in the subsequent sampling (148 ± 1.8 μg m(-3)). After apartment reoccupation, the indoor contamination seemed to depend on the routine activities taken there, such as household product use and cooking activities, but apparently, local temperature increase favored the vaporization of the volatile CC from the building materials in the apartment. As far as we are concerned, this is the first study comparing the concentrations of 31 CC in residential areas before, during, and after renovation activities taken in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya de Mendonça Ochs
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química-Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada-Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Almeida Furtado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química-Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wildson Vieira Cerqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química-Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada-Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química-Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada-Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química-Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Abstract
Two different classes of fluorescent dyes were prepared as a turn off/on sensor system for aldehydes. Amino derivatives of a boron dipyrromethene (BDP) fluorophore and a xanthene-derived fluorophore (rosamine) were prepared. Model compounds of their product with an aldehyde were prepared using salicylaldehyde. Both amino boron dipyrromethene and rosamine derivatives are almost non-fluorescent in polar and apolar solvent. However, imine formation with salicylaldehyde on each fluorophore increases the fluorescence quantum yield by almost a factor of 10 (from 0.05 to 0.4). These fluorophores are therefore suitable candidates for development of fluorescence-based sensors for aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Dilek
- Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bagcilar, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel:+90-212-604-0100
| | - Susan L. Bane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Herrero-Martínez JM, Consuegra L, Ramis-Ramos G, Sanz RM, Martínez BG, Esbert VEB, García-Baquero DR. Thermal desorption gas chromatography with mass spectrometry study of outgassing from polymethacrylimide foam (Rohacell®). J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3028-37. [PMID: 26106018 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymethacrylimide foams are used as light structural materials in outer-space devices; however, the foam closed cells contain volatile compounds that are outgassed even at low temperatures. These compounds ignite as plasmas under outer-space radiation and the intense radio-frequency fields used in communications. Since plasmas may cause spacecraft fatal events, the conditions in which they are ignited should be investigated. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative knowledge about polymethacrylimide foam outgassing should be established. Using thermogravimetric analysis, weight losses reached 3% at ca. 200°C. Thermal desorption gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection was used to study the offgassed compounds. Using successive 4 min heating cycles at 125°C, each one corresponding to an injection, significant amounts of nitrogen (25.3%), water (2.6%), isobutylene (11.3%), tert-butanol (2.9%), 1-propanol (11.9%), hexane (25.3%), propyl methacrylate (1.4%), higher hydrocarbons (11.3%), fatty acids (2.2%) and their esters (1.3%), and other compounds were outgassed. Other compounds were observed during the main stage of thermal destruction (220-280°C). A similar study at 175°C revealed the extreme difficulty in fully outgassing polar compounds from polymethacrylimide foams by baking and showed the different compositions of the offgassed atmosphere that can be expected in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Lina Consuegra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ramis-Ramos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rafael Mata Sanz
- Department of Applied Physics-ICMUV, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benito Gimeno Martínez
- Department of Applied Physics-ICMUV, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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de Mendonça Ochs S, de Almeida Furtado L, Pereira Netto AD. Evaluation of the concentrations and distribution of carbonyl compounds in selected areas of a Brazilian bus terminal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9413-9423. [PMID: 25604560 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the determination of 30 carbonyl compounds (CCs) in three areas (bus boarding platform, passenger circulation area, and a pastry shop) of the Presidente João Goulart Bus Terminal, located at Niterói City, RJ, Brazil, and in an open area 700 m distant from the terminal. Samples were collected using SEP-PAK cartridges impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, during May to July 2012. The hydrazones formed were analyzed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography with UV detection. The studied locations showed distinct profiles of distribution of CC. The circulation area, which is influenced by different pollution sources, presented an intermediate profile between that of the pastry shop and boarding platform. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant CC, but acetaldehyde predominated in the pastry shop once it is a by-product of baking yeast fermentation. Samples taken in the pastry shop and circulation area showed significant concentrations of hexanaldehyde and nonanaldehyde emitted during cooking. The pastry shop showed the largest level of total CC among the studied areas followed by the circulation area, the boarding platform, and the open area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya de Mendonça Ochs
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil,
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15
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Seo YK, Suvarapu LN, Baek SO. Characterization of odorous compounds (VOC and carbonyl compounds) in the ambient air of Yeosu and Gwangyang, large industrial areas of South Korea. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:824301. [PMID: 25309959 PMCID: PMC4182693 DOI: 10.1155/2014/824301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Odorous compounds play an important role in air pollution in industrial areas and the residential areas surrounding them. This study measured the odorous volatile organic compounds (VOC) and carbonyl compounds at Yeosu and Gwangyang, two large industrial areas of South Korea, during four seasons of 2008-2009. Along with these two cities, the same odorous compounds were measured at Suncheon, which was selected as a control site. The concentrations of VOC and carbonyl compounds that were listed as odorous air pollutants by the Ministry of Environment of South Korea are discussed. Benzene and formaldehyde were included in the target analytes because of their carcinogenic nature. Most researchers only examined the concentration of odorous compounds in ambient air but the present study evaluated the odor intensity, which is a new parameter that will help better understand the precise odor perceived by people. This paper describes the seasonal variations and spatial distribution of the above-mentioned odorous compounds at the specified sites. Pearson correlation coefficients between the odorous compounds and other air pollutants, such as ozone, CO, SO2, NO2, and PM10, and meteorological conditions, such as temperature and wind speed, provide the source information of odorous VOC and carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyo Seo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 712 749, Republic of Korea
| | - Lakshmi Narayana Suvarapu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 712 749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ok Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 712 749, Republic of Korea
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16
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An exploration on the suitability of airborne carbonyl compounds analysis in relation to differences in instrumentation (GC-MS versus HPLC-UV) and standard phases (gas versus liquid). ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:308405. [PMID: 24719571 PMCID: PMC3956549 DOI: 10.1155/2014/308405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative performance figure of merits was investigated for the two most common analytical methods employed for carbonyl compounds (CC), for example, between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detector (with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization) and thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) (without derivatization). To this end, the suitability of each method is assessed by computing the relative recovery (RR) between the gas- and liquid-phase standards containing a suite of CC such as formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), propionaldehyde (PA), butyraldehyde (BA), isovaleraldehyde (IA), and valeraldehyde (VA) along with benzene (B) as a recovery reference for the GC method. The results confirm that a TD-GC-MS is advantageous to attain the maximum recovery for the heavier CCs (i.e., with molecular weights (MW) above BA−MW ≥ 74). On the other hand, the HPLC-UV is favorable for the lighter CCs (like FA and AA) with the least bias. Such compound-specific responses for each platform are validated by relative ordering of CCs as a function of response factor (RF), method detection limit (MDL), and recovery pattern. It is thus desirable to understand the advantages and limitations of each method to attain the CC data with the least experimental bias.
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17
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A novel method for trace aldehyde determination in foodstuffs based on fluorescence labeling by HPLC with fluorescence detection and mass spectrometric identification. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhao H, Li X, Li W, Wang P, Chen S, Quan X. A ZIF-8-based platform for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of indoor formaldehyde. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and highly sensitive ZIF-8-based sensor based on the specific interaction between guest and host frameworks is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Wanze Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China)
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Li M, Li W, Aimaiti G, Tuersun G, Ye J, Chu Q. A novel miniaturised electrophoretic method for determining formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in food using 2-thiobarbituric acid derivatisation. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kahnt A, Iinuma Y, Böge O, Mutzel A, Herrmann H. Denuder sampling techniques for the determination of gas-phase carbonyl compounds: a comparison and characterisation of in situ and ex situ derivatisation methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1402-11. [PMID: 21411383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two denuder sampling techniques have been compared for the analysis of gaseous carbonyl compounds. One type of denuder was coated with XAD-4 resin and the other type of denuder was coated with XAD-4 and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) to derivatise gaseous carbonyl compounds to their hydrazone forms simultaneously. A detailed protocol for the denuder coating procedure is described. The collection efficiency under dry (RH <3%) and humid conditions (RH 50%) as well as filter positive artefacts were evaluated. The XAD-4/DNPH coated denuders showed significantly less break-through potential and hence collection than the XAD-4-only coated denuders. The performance of the XAD-4/DNPH denuder was better under humid conditions with no detected break-through for hydroxyacetone, methacrolein, methylglyoxal, campholenic aldehyde and nopinone. Calibration experiments were performed in a simulation chamber and carbonyl-hydrazone concentrations determined in the extracts of both the denuder types were related to the mixing ratios of gaseous carbonyl compounds in the chamber to overcome losses and errors associating with the denuder sampling, extraction and sample preparation. The application of on-tube conversion for the XAD-4/DNPH denuders resulted in higher R(2) values than the XAD-4 denuder, ranging up to 0.991 for nopinone. The XAD-4-only coated denuders showed acceptable calibration curves only for lower vapour pressure carbonyl compounds though larger relative standard deviations (RSD) were observed. Carbonyl compounds that were formed during the oxidation of nopinone were collected using the XAD-4/DNPH denuders. The results showed that the denuder sampling device was able to provide reproducible nopinone mixing ratios that remained in the chamber after about 1h of the oxidation. One isomer of oxo-nopinones was tentatively identified from off-line HPLC/(-)ESI-TOFMS analysis. Based on the TOFMS response of the nopinone-DNPH derivative, the oxo-nopinone molar yield of 0.7±0.1% (n=3) was determined from the reaction of nopinone with OH radicals. Depending on target analytes, accuracy and sensitivity requirements, the present method can be employed for the determination of gaseous carbonyl compounds that are formed during the oxidation of monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Kahnt
- Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
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Characterization of carbonyl compounds in the ambient air of an industrial city in Korea. SENSORS 2011; 11:949-63. [PMID: 22346613 PMCID: PMC3274097 DOI: 10.3390/s110100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize spatial and temporal variations of carbonyl compounds in Gumi city, where a number of large electronic-industrial complexes are located. Carbonyl samples were collected at five sites in the Gumi area: three industrial, one commercial, and one residential area. Sampling was carried out throughout a year from December 2003 to November 2004. At one industrial site, samples were taken every six days, while those of the other sites were for seven consecutive days in every season. Each sample was collected for 150 minutes and at intervals of three times a day (morning, afternoon, and evening). A total of 476 samples were analyzed to determine 15 carbonyl compounds by the USEPA TO-11A (DNPH-cartridge/HPLC) method. In general, acetaldehyde appeared to be the most abundant compound, followed by formaldehyde, and acetone+acrolein. Mean concentrations of acetaldehyde were two to three times higher in the industrial sites than in the other sites, with its maximum of 77.7 ppb. In contrast, ambient levels of formaldehyde did not show any significant difference between the industrial and non-industrial groups. Its concentrations peaked in summer probably due to the enhanced volatilization and photochemical reactivity. These results indicate significant emission sources of acetaldehyde in the Gumi industrial complexes. Mean concentrations of organic solvents (such as acetone+acrolein and methyl ethyl ketone) were also significantly high in industrial areas. In conclusion, major sources of carbonyl compounds, including acetaldehyde, are strongly associated with industrial activities in the Gumi city area.
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Kim KH, Anthwal A, Pandey SK, Kabir E, Sohn JR. A combined application of thermal desorber and gas chromatography to the analysis of gaseous carbonyls with the aid of two internal standards. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3354-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Coelho LH, Melchert WR, Rocha FR, Rocha FR, Gutz IG. Versatile microanalytical system with porous polypropylene capillary membrane for calibration gas generation and trace gaseous pollutants sampling applied to the analysis of formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid and ammonia in outdoor air. Talanta 2010; 83:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Basheer C, Pavagadhi S, Yu H, Balasubramanian R, Lee HK. Determination of aldehydes in rainwater using micro-solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6366-72. [PMID: 20822771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid extraction procedure was developed for determining aldehydes in rainwater samples. This extraction technique involved the use of micro-solid-phase extraction in which the sorbent was held within a polypropylene membrane envelope, followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and valeraldehyde were used as model compounds. Extraction conditions were optimized. The method linearity ranged between 0.5 and 50 μgl(-1) with the correlation coefficient of 0.987-0.999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the method ranged from 7 to 12%. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.07-0.15 μgl(-1), which is lower than those previously reported for solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques. The proposed extraction technique was used for determination of aldehydes in rainwater samples to demonstrate the applicability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbasha Basheer
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Feng L, Musto CJ, Suslick KS. A simple and highly sensitive colorimetric detection method for gaseous formaldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4046-7. [PMID: 20218682 DOI: 10.1021/ja910366p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric detection method using amine-functionalized polymer films doped with a pH indicator has been developed for the rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of gaseous formaldehyde at concentrations well below the immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) limit. In 1 min, visible color changes are easily observed, even down to the permissible exposure limit (PEL) at 750 ppb. The limit of detection is below 50 ppb (7% of the PEL) after 10 min of exposure. This sensor is essentially unaffected by changes in humidity or temperature (4 to 50 degrees C) and is not sensitive to common interferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Kim KH, Pal R. Determination of acetaldehyde in ambient air: comparison of thermal desorption-GC/FID method with the standard DNPH-HPLC method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 161:295-299. [PMID: 19199062 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the experimental compatibility between the standard DNPH-HPLC method and the gas chromatographic (GC) method (without any derivatization) was investigated for the analysis of atmospheric carbonyls. In the latter case, GC analysis was made based on adsorptive enrichment on solid sorbents followed by thermal desorption. For a comparative analysis between the two methods, we quantified the concentration levels of acetaldehyde from gaseous combustion samples of different charcoal products. The acetaldehyde concentration data, measured by the HPLC method (643 +/- 1,689 ppb), were approximately 10% lower than the GC-based method (722 +/- 1,788 ppb). As such, the differences in the measured concentrations were statistically insignificant. Although the percentage difference of the two methods fell within a relatively wide range, the results obtained by the GC-based method were comparable to those of the HPLC method with significantly strong correlations. The GC-based method, if tested for certain carbonyl species such as acetaldehyde, appeared to be a suitable alternative for the HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric Environment Laboratory, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea, 143 747.
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Gu ZY, Wang G, Yan XP. MOF-5 Metal−Organic Framework as Sorbent for In-Field Sampling and Preconcentration in Combination with Thermal Desorption GC/MS for Determination of Atmospheric Formaldehyde. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1365-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China, and Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, 17 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Gen Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China, and Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, 17 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China, and Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, 17 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300191, China
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Aiello M, McLaren R. Measurement of airborne carbonyls using an automated sampling and analysis system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8901-7. [PMID: 19943664 DOI: 10.1021/es901892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Based upon the well established method of derivitization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, an instrument was developed for ambient measurement of carbonyls with significantly improved temporal resolution and detection limits through automation, direct injection, and continuous use of a single microsilica DNPH cartridge. Kinetic experiments indicate that the derivitization reaction on the cartridge is fast enough for continuous measurements with 50 min air sampling. Reaction efficiencies measured on the cartridge were 100% for the carbonyls tested, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, acetone, and benzaldehyde. Transmission of the carbonyls through an ozone scrubber (KI) were in the range of 97-101%. Blank levels and detection limits were lower than those obtainable with conventional DNPH methods by an order of magnitude or greater. Mixing ratio detection limits of carbonyls in ambient air were 38-73 ppt for a 50 min air sample (2.5 L). The instrument made continuous measurements of carbonyls on a 2 h cycle over a period of 10 days during a field study in southwestern Ontario. Median mixing ratios were 0.58 ppb formaldehyde; 0.29 ppb acetaldehyde; 1.14 ppb acetone; and 0.45 ppb glyoxal. Glyoxal shows a significant correlation with ozone and zero intercept, consistent with a secondary source and minor direct source to the atmosphere. The method should easily be extendable to the detection of other low molecular weight carbonyls that have been previously reported using the DNPH technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Aiello
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario Canada M3J 1P3
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Xiong XJ, Wang H, Rao WB, Guo XF, Zhang HS. 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-8-aminozide-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene as a new fluorescent labeling reagent for the determination of aliphatic aldehydes in serum with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:49-56. [PMID: 19942225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A BODIPY-based fluorescent derivatization reagent with a hydrazine moiety, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-aminozide-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (BODIPY-aminozide), has been designed for aldehyde labeling. An increased fluorescence quantum yield was observed from 0.38 to 0.94 in acetonitrile when it reacted with aldehydes. Twelve aliphatic aldehydes from formaldehyde to lauraldehyde were used to evaluate the analytical potential of this reagent by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on C(18) column with fluorescence detection. The derivatization reaction of BODIPY-aminozide with aldehydes proceeded at 60 degrees C for 30min to form stable corresponding BODIPY hydrazone derivatives in the presence of phosphoric acid as a catalyst. The maximum excitation (495nm) and emission (505nm) wavelengths were almost the same for all the aldehyde derivatives. A baseline separation of all the 12 aliphatic aldehydes (except formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) is achieved in 20min with acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water as mobile phase. The detection limits were obtained in the range from 0.43 to 0.69nM (signal-to-noise=3), which are better than or comparable with those obtained by the existing methods based on aldehyde labeling. This reagent has been applied to the precolumn derivatization followed with HPLC determination of trace aliphatic aldehydes in human serum samples without complex pretreatment or enrichment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Dossi N, Susmel S, Toniolo R, Pizzariello A, Bontempelli G. Application of microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection to environmental aldehyde monitoring. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3465-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Low cost selective sensor for carbonyl compounds in air based on a novel conductive poly(p-xylylene) derivative. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim KH, Pandey SK, Pal R. Analytical bias among different gas chromatographic approaches using standard BTX gases and exhaust samples. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:549-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Pal R, Kim KH. Gas chromatographic approach for the determination of carbonyl compounds in ambient air. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun H, Chan KY, Fung YS. Determination of gaseous and particulate carbonyls in air by gradient-elution micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3971-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pal R, Kim KH. The effect of cold trap adsorbents on the gas chromatographic analysis of ambient VOCs under Peltier cooling conditions. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1100-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Influences of sampling volume and sample concentration on the analysis of atmospheric carbonyls by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridge. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 610:289-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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