Validation of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for the comparative determination of etoricoxib in pharmaceutical formulations

Fast and Sensitive HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Etoricoxib Quantification in Human Plasma and Application to Bioequivalence Study

Etoricoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation. The objective of the current study was to develop a sensitive, fast and high-throughput HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method to measure etoricoxib levels in human plasma using a one-step methanol protein precipitation technique. A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in a positive mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used for data collection. The quantitative MRM transition ions were m/z 359.15 > 279.10 and m/z 363.10 > 282.10 for etoricoxib and IS. The linear range was from 10.00 to 4000.39 ng/mL and the validation parameters were within the acceptance limits of the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Analysis (FDA) guidelines. The present method was sensitive (10.00 ng/mL with S/N > 40), simple, selective (K prime > 2), and fast (short run time of 2 min), with negligible matrix effect and consistent recovery, suitable for high throughput analysis. The method was used to quantitate etoricoxib plasma concentrations in a bioequivalence study of two 120 mg etoricoxib formulations. Incurred sample reanalysis results further supported that the method was robust and reproducible.

Ionisable substances chromatography: A new approach for the determination of Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium in pharmaceuticals using ion - pair HPLC

An ion-pair HPLC method was developed and validated to analyze three of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium) in their pure and pharmaceuticals based on their ionisable characteristics. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Cetrimide) was used as an ion pair reagent since it had not been used before for this purpose. Chromatographic analysis was accomplished using the C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) column. Mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 50% Cetrimide 10 - 3 M and 50% acetonitrile to analyze Ketoprofen and Etoricoxib, whereas for Diclofenac sodium, mobile phase was a mixture of 30% Cetrimide 10 - 3 M and 70% acetonitrile. pH value was adjusted if necessary to 10 with ammonium hydroxide. The flow rate was 1mL/min and detection wavelengths were at 254 nm, 234 nm, and 254 nm for Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium; respectively under ambient temperature. Retention times ( R t ) were 9.41, 7.34, and 6.66 for Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium; respectively. The proposed method was evaluated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity according to ICH guidelines. Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium were detected in the following linear ranges: (0.031-0.500mg/mL), (0.007-0.110g/mL), and (0.016-0.250mg/mL); respectively with excellent mean recovery values (98.0-102.0%). RSD% was in an acceptable range (less than 2), proving the precision of the developed method. Specificity was proved in the presence of degradation products. Furthermore, a comparison between the results of this study and the reported HPLC methods indicated that this developed method was better in terms of simplicity, analysis time, and no use of buffers in the mobile phase. In conclusion, the developed method can successfully detect Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium quantitatively and qualitatively in their dosage forms without any interference with excipients, making this method valuable, reliable, and practical to be applied in quality control laboratories.

Stability Study of Etoricoxib a Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor by a New Single and Rapid Reversed Phase HPLC Method

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. Etoricoxib is the most recent selective (COX-2) inhibitor that has a higher COX-2 selectivity than the other COX-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which significantly improves its gastric safety profile. The current therapeutic indications of etoricoxib includes the treatment of several painful conditions, such as osteoarthritis, acute gout, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. To the best of found knowledge, no decent method has been reported that can be used for the routine determination of etoricoxib and additives in pharmaceutical suspensions by a single, rapid and cost-effective run of HPLC, using an UV-Vis detector. Earlier reported methods, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), capillary zone electrophoresis, and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), are all tedious and time consuming. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used as a first reported single run method to achieve developed and validated simultaneous determination for sodium saccharin, vanillin, methyl paraben, etoricoxib, and butyl paraben, in prepared oral suspensions of etoricoxib. Reversed phase column of octadecylsilane (ODS) C18 with isocratic mobile phase containing methanol, and phosphate buffer of pH 6 in a ratio of 70:30 (v/v). Celecoxib is used as an internal standard at a detection wavelength of 215 nm. This method separates the analytes in a total running time less than 13 min. Linearity is obtained in the calibration curve for all analytes with a R2 value of > 0.999. Furthermore, beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were added, either alone or combined, to prevent the crystal formation, and any unpleasant taste of etoricoxib in oral formulations. After testing both HP-β-CD and β-CD at 3% w/w for each, the results showed that HP-β-CD is more efficient in preventing the crystal formation of etoricoxib in suspensions at room temperature than β-CD is.

A simple Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of etoricoxib in dosage formulations

The present study was undertaken to develop a validated, rapid, simple, and low-cost ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method for estimating Etoricoxib (ETX) in pharmaceutical formulations. The analysis was performed on λ max 233 nm using 0.1 M HCl as blank/diluent. The proposed method was validated on International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines including parameters as linearity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and specificity. The proposed method was also used to access the content of the ETX in two commercial brands of Indian market. Beer's law was obeyed in concentration range of 0.1–0.5 μg/ml, and the regression equation was Y = 0.418x + 0.018. The mean accuracy values for 0.1 μg/ml and 0.2 μg/ml concentration of ETX were found to be 99.76 ± 0.52% and 99.12 ± 0.84, respectively, and relative standard deviation (RSD) of interday and intraday was less than 2%. The developed method was suitable and specific to the analysis of ETX even in the presence of common excipients. The method was applied on two different marketed brands and ETX contents were 98.5 ± 0.56 and 99.33 ± 0.44, respectively, of labeled claim. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and statistically good results were obtained. This method can be employed for routine analysis of ETX in bulk and commercial formulations.