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Zhang M, Gong L, Liu G, Kang J. Preparation of a monolithic column with a mixed-mode stationary phase of reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction for capillary liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:662-669. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of physical science and technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Guizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of physical science and technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jingwu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of physical science and technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai P. R. China
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2
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Qin ZN, Yu QW, Wang RQ, Feng YQ. Preparation of polymer monolithic column functionalized by arsonic acid groups for mixed-mode capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1547:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen W, He P, Wang Q. Simultaneous separation of polar and non-polar mixtures by capillary HPLC based on an ostadecylsilane and taurine derivatized silica continuously packed column. Talanta 2016; 161:762-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Groarke RJ, Brabazon D. Methacrylate Polymer Monoliths for Separation Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E446. [PMID: 28773570 PMCID: PMC5456823 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of methacrylate-based polymer monoliths for separation science applications. An introduction to monoliths is presented, followed by the preparation methods and characteristics specific to methacrylate monoliths. Both traditional chemical based syntheses and emerging additive manufacturing methods are presented along with an analysis of the different types of functional groups, which have been utilized with methacrylate monoliths. The role of methacrylate based porous materials in separation science in industrially important chemical and biological separations are discussed, with particular attention given to the most recent developments and challenges associated with these materials. While these monoliths have been shown to be useful for a wide variety of applications, there is still scope for exerting better control over the porous architectures and chemistries obtained from the different fabrication routes. Conclusions regarding this previous work are drawn and an outlook towards future challenges and potential developments in this vibrant research area are presented. Discussed in particular are the potential of additive manufacturing for the preparation of monolithic structures with pre-defined multi-scale porous morphologies and for the optimization of surface reactive chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Groarke
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Sensor Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Sensor Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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5
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Wang H, Ou J, Bai J, Liu Z, Yao Y, Chen L, Peng X, Zou H. Improving permeability and chromatographic performance of poly(pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate) monolithic column via photo-induced thiol-acrylate polymerization. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1436:100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen W, He P, Wang Q. Synthesis and characterization of a multimode stationary phase: Congo red derivatized silica in nano-flow HPLC. Analyst 2016; 141:1083-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Congo red derivatized silica has been developed as a mixed mode stationary phase and used for nano-flow HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Wujuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Pingang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
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7
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Peng K, Wang Q, Chen W, Xia D, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Wu F. Phosphatidic acid-functionalized monolithic stationary phase for reversed-phase/cation-exchange mixed mode chromatography. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A reversed-phase and cation-exchange mixed-mode poly(MDPA-co-EDMA) monolith was successfully prepared and applied to the separation of a wide range of analytes, such as small peptides, phenols, vitamins B, pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
- School of Public Health
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Weijia Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Donghai Xia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhengyin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Fuhai Wu
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
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8
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Alshitari W, Quigley CL, Smith N. Fabrication and evaluation of an organic monolithic column based upon the polymerisation of hexyl methacrylate with 1,6-hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate for the separation of small molecules by capillary liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 141:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Ahmed M, Yajadda MMA, Han ZJ, Su D, Wang G, Ostrikov K(K, Ghanem A. Single-walled carbon nanotube-based polymer monoliths for the enantioselective nano-liquid chromatographic separation of racemic pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Chiral β-cyclodextrin functionalized polymer monolith for the direct enantioselective reversed phase nano liquid chromatographic separation of racemic pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:115-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ahmed M, Ghanem A. Enantioselective Nano Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Racemic Pharmaceuticals: A Facile One-Pot In Situ Preparation of Lipase-Based Polymer Monoliths in Capillary Format. Chirality 2014; 26:754-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ahmed
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science; University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT); Australia
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Biomedical Science; University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (ACT); Australia
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12
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Cai X, Guo Z, Xue X, Xu J, Zhang X, Liang X. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography separation of peptides using reversed-phase/weak cation-exchange mixed-mode column in first dimension. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:242-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Svec F. Quest for organic polymer-based monolithic columns affording enhanced efficiency in high performance liquid chromatography separations of small molecules in isocratic mode. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1228:250-62. [PMID: 21816401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The separations of small molecules using columns containing porous polymer monoliths invented two decades ago went a long way from the very modest beginnings to the current capillary columns with efficiencies approaching those featured by their silica-based counterparts. This review article presents a variety of techniques that have been used to form capillary formats of monolithic columns with enhanced separation performance in isocratic elutions. The following text first describes the traditional approaches used for the preparation of efficient monoliths comprising variations in polymerization conditions including temperature as well as composition of monomers and porogenic solvents. Encouraging results of these experiments fueled research of completely new preparation methods such as polymerization to an incomplete conversion, use of single crosslinker, hypercrosslinking, and incorporation of carbon nanotubes that are described in the second part of the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 67R6110, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Li Y, Tolley HD, Lee ML. Preparation of monoliths from single crosslinking monomers for reversed-phase capillary chromatography of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1399-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Svec F. Porous polymer monoliths: amazingly wide variety of techniques enabling their preparation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:902-24. [PMID: 19828151 PMCID: PMC2829304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The porous polymer monoliths went a long way since their invention two decades ago. While the first studies applied the traditional polymerization processes at that time well established for the preparation of polymer particles, creativity of scientists interested in the monolithic structures has later led to the use of numerous less common techniques. This review article presents vast variety of methods that have meanwhile emerged. The text first briefly describes the early approaches used for the preparation of monoliths comprising standard free radical polymerizations and includes their development up to present days. Specific attention is paid to the effects of process variables on the formation of both porous structure and pore surface chemistry. Specific attention is also devoted to the use of photopolymerization. Then, several less common free radical polymerization techniques are presented in more detail such as those initiated by gamma-rays and electron beam, the preparation of monoliths from high internal phase emulsions, and cryogels. Living processes including stable free radicals, atom transfer radical polymerization, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization are also discussed. The review ends with description of preparation methods based on polycondensation and polyaddition reactions as well as on precipitation of preformed polymers affording the monolithic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 67R6110, Berkeley, CA 94720-8139, USA.
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16
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Wei X, Qi L, Yang G, Wang F. Preparation and characterization of monolithic column by grafting pH-responsive polymer. Talanta 2009; 79:739-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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