1
|
Pham U, Alvarado L, Suess GJ, Shamsi SA, Frantz K. Separation of short and medium-chain fatty acids using capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection: Part I: Identification of fatty acids in rat feces. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1914-1923. [PMID: 34288007 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Short and medium-chain fatty acids (SMCFAs) are known as essential metabolites found in gut microbiota that function as modulators in the development and progression of many inflammatory conditions as well as in the regulation of cell metabolism. Currently, there are few simple and low-cost analytical methods available for the determination of SMCFA. This report focuses on SMCFA analysis utilizing CE with indirect photometric detection (CE-IPD). A ribonucleotide electrolyte, 5'-adenosine mono-phosphate (5'-AMP), is investigated as an IPD reagent due to its high molar absorptivity and dynamic reserve compatible with separation and detection of SMCFA. The operating parameters like the composition of organic solvent, millimolar concentrations of the complexing agent (alpha-cyclodextrin), 5'-AMP and non-absorbing electrolyte (boric acid), as well as the applied voltage, are optimized for resolution, efficiency, and signal-to-noise ratio. A baseline resolution of all nine SMCFAs is achieved in less than 15 min. Additionally, the developed CE-IPD method shows promising potential to identifying SMCFA in rat fecal supernatant. The presented analytical assay is simple, economical, and has considerably good repeatability. The intraday and interday RSD of less than 1 and 2% for relative migration time, as well as less than 14 and 15% for peak area, respectively, were obtained for SMCFA in fecal solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luis Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory J Suess
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shahab A Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Frantz
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee S, Rhee JK, Lee SY, Na YC. Saturated fatty acid determination method using paired ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 984:223-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
3
|
Liu C, Yamaguchi Y, Zhu X, Li Z, Ni Y, Dou X. Analysis of small interfering RNA by capillary electrophoresis in hydroxyethylcellulose solutions. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1651-7. [PMID: 25867445 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is important for gene function studies and drug developments. We employed CE to study the separation of siRNA ladder marker, which were ten double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fragments ranged from 20 to 1000 bp, in solutions of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) polymer with different concentrations and molecular weights (Mws). Migration mechanism of dsRNA during CE was studied by the mobility and resolution length (RL) plots. We found that the RL depended on not only the concentration of HEC, but also the Mw of HEC. For instance, RL of small dsRNA fragment was more influenced by concentration of high Mw HEC than large dsRNA fragment and RL of large dsRNA fragment was more influenced by concentration of low Mw HEC than small dsRNA fragment. In addition, we found electrophoretic evidence that the structure of dsRNA was more compact than dsDNA with the same length. In practice, we succeeded to separate the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase siRNA in the mixture of the siRNA ladder marker within 4 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Institute of Photonics and Biomedicine (IPBM), Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ni
- Institute of Photonics and Biomedicine (IPBM), Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Dou
- Institute of Photonics and Biomedicine (IPBM), Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Oliveira MAL, Porto BLS, Faria IDL, de Oliveira PL, de Castro Barra PM, de Jesus Coelho Castro R, Sato RT. 20 years of fatty acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Molecules 2014; 19:14094-113. [PMID: 25207715 PMCID: PMC6270880 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A review taking into account the literature reports covering 20 years of fatty acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis is presented. This paper describes the evolution of fatty acid analysis using different CE modes such as capillary zone electrophoresis, non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography employing different detection systems, such as ultraviolet-visible, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity, laser-induced fluorescence and mass spectrometry. In summary, the present review signals that CE seems to be an interesting analytical separation technique that is very useful for screening analysis or quantification of the usual fatty acids present in different matrices, offering short analysis times and a simple sample preparation step as inherent advantages in comparison with the classical methodology, making it a separation technique that is very attractive for quality control in industry and government agencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Brenda Lee Simas Porto
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Isaura Daniele Leite Faria
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Lopes de Oliveira
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mendonça de Castro Barra
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Renata de Jesus Coelho Castro
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Takabayashi Sato
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soliman LC, Donkor KK, Church JS, Cinel B, Prema D, Dugan MER. Separation of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in food by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3440-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laiel C. Soliman
- Department of Physical Sciences; Thompson Rivers University; Kamloops British Columbia Canada
| | - Kingsley K. Donkor
- Department of Physical Sciences; Thompson Rivers University; Kamloops British Columbia Canada
| | - John S. Church
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences; Thompson Rivers University; Kamloops British Columbia Canada
| | - Bruno Cinel
- Department of Physical Sciences; Thompson Rivers University; Kamloops British Columbia Canada
| | - Dipesh Prema
- Department of Physical Sciences; Thompson Rivers University; Kamloops British Columbia Canada
| | - Michael E. R. Dugan
- Lacombe Research Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lacombe Alberta Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gotti R. Capillary electrophoresis of phytochemical substances in herbal drugs and medicinal plants. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:775-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
PORTO BLS, SOUZA MVND, OLIVEIRA MALD. Analysis of Omega 3 Fatty Acid in Natural and Enriched Chicken Eggs by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:541. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lee Simas PORTO
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Cidade Universitária
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Castro PM, Barra MM, Costa Ribeiro MC, Aued-Pimentel S, Da Silva SA, De Oliveira MAL. Total trans fatty acid analysis in spreadable cheese by capillary zone electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1403-1409. [PMID: 20067270 DOI: 10.1021/jf904212m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An alternative method for determination of total trans fatty acids expressed as elaidic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) under indirect UV detection at 224 nm within an analysis time of 7.5 min was developed. The optimized running electrolyte includes 15.0 mmol L(-1) KH(2)PO(4)/Na(2)HPO(4) buffer (pH approximately 7.0), 4.0 mmol L(-1) SDBS, 8.0 mmol L(-1) Brij35, 45%v/v ACN, 8% methanol, and 1.5% v/v n-octanol. Baseline separation of the critical pair C18-9cis/C18:1-9t with a resolution higher than 1.5 was achieved using C15:0 as the internal standard. The optimum capillary electrophoresis (CE) conditions for the background electrolyte were established with the aid of Raman spectroscopy and experiments of a 3(2) factorial design. After response factor (R(F)) calculations, the CE method was applied to total trans fatty acid (TTFA) analysis in a hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) sample, and compared with the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) official method by gas chromatography (GC). The methods were compared with an independent sample t test, and no significant difference was found between CE and GC methods within the 95% confidence interval for six genuine replicates of TTFA analysis (p-value > 0.05). The CE method was applied to TTFA analysis in a spreadable cheese sample. Satisfactory results were obtained, indicating that the optimized methodology can be used for trans fatty acid determination for these samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Mendonça De Castro
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Cidade Universitaria CEP 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|