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Domingues CE, Kordiak J, Pedroso CR, de Oliveira Stremel TR, Beber de Souza J, de Sousa Vidal CM, de Campos SX. Optimization and validation of ultrasound application with a low-temperature method to analyze organochlorine pesticides in smuggled cigarette tobacco. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2857-2865. [PMID: 35833565 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the optimization and validation of a method to quantify organochlorine pesticides in tobacco samples from smuggled cigarettes using ultrasound application and low-temperature extraction. The combined approach was validated for 20 organochlorine pesticides, achieving recoveries between 73% and 116%, and a relative standard deviation of less than 20%. The method minimized the matrix effect in 65% of the organochlorine pesticides. The limits of detection and quantification varied from 2 to 60 ng g-1 and 120 to 190 ng g-1, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of 18 brands of smuggled cigarettes. The organochlorine pesticides found in the samples were cis-chlordane (89%), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDD) and methoxychlor (78%), endosulfan sulfate (67%), heptachlor epoxide, and endosulfan II (61%). The concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides in this study were higher than those in a similar survey on cigarettes marketed in China. The ultrasound application and low-temperature extraction may be an efficient alternative to analyzing tobacco samples since it uses only one extraction solvent, requires low-cost equipment, does not require an additional clean-up step, reduces the environmental impact through minimal waste generation, and can detect low analyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Eloise Domingues
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil.
| | - Januário Kordiak
- Chemistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil
| | - Carlos R Pedroso
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil
| | | | - Jeanette Beber de Souza
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil
| | - Carlos M de Sousa Vidal
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil
| | - Sandro X de Campos
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil.
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Liu Y, Tian X, Xu H, Zhang G. Development of an online μ-matrix cartridge extraction method for fipronil extraction in contaminated soils. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463258. [PMID: 35767905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, environment fate and behavior of pesticides in soil is still not fully understood due to the lack of standardized soil extraction method. In this work, a soil-filled micro-matrix cartridge was online combined with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) through a six-way valve for the simultaneous extraction and determination of residual fipronil in soil. Compared with conventional extraction methods, such as hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction, shaking extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), three-step extraction and matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), the novel, miniaturized, and integrated online micro-matrix cartridge extraction (online μ-MCE) method exhibited better performance in terms of desorption efficiency (99.4%), analysis time, solvent consumption, sensitivity, and automation. In sequential extraction, online μ-MCE could further desorb fipronil from the extracted soil with the percentage of 1.05%-58.55%. High recovery of 92.69% obtained for the ISO certificated test-soil verified the satisfactory accuracy of the method. Besides, its wide universality was also validated in three variables: 1) various pesticides-soil interactions, 2) four types of compounds (aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, alcohols and aldehydes), and 3) three types of soils (sandy soil, silty loam and silty clay). The superior desorption capacity might be attributed to the instantaneously increased high-pressure, continuous flow dynamic desorption and short residence time. The present encouraging findings might shed light on new ways to develop a mild, highly efficient, reliable and one-fit-all extraction method toward pesticide contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xinmeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Ganbing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineerings, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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3
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Brunning H, Sallach JB, Zanchi V, Price O, Boxall A. Toward a Framework for Environmental Fate and Exposure Assessment of Polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:515-540. [PMID: 34913523 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of risk-assessment methodologies for polymers is an emerging regulatory priority to prevent negative environmental impacts; however, the diversity and complexity of polymers require adaptation of existing environmental risk-assessment approaches. The present review discusses the challenges and opportunities for the fate and exposure assessment of polymers in the context of regulatory environmental risk assessment of chemicals. The review discusses the applicability and adequacy for polymers of existing fate parameters used for nonpolymeric compounds and proposes additional parameters that could inform the fate of polymers. The significance of these parameters in various stages of an exposure-assessment framework is highlighted, with classification of polymers as solid or dissolved being key for identification of those parameters most relevant to environmental fate. Considerations to address the key limitations and knowledge gaps are then identified and discussed, specifically the complexity of polymer identification, with the need for characterization of the most significant parameters for polymer grouping and prioritization; the complexity of polymer degradation in the environment, with the need to incorporate the fate and hazards of degradation products into risk assessment; the requirement for development and standardization of analytical methods for characterization of polymer fate properties and degradation products; and the need to develop exposure modeling approaches for polymers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:515-540. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie Brunning
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - J Brett Sallach
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alistair Boxall
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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4
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Li H, Hou B, Wang L, Zang X, Wang C, Wang Z. Boron nitride modified reduced graphene oxide as solid-phase microextraction coating material for the extraction of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1521-1528. [PMID: 33511696 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel hexagonal boron nitride modified reduced graphene oxide material was synthesized and used as the adsorbent for the solid-phase microextraction of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil samples prior to their detection by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Under optimal conditions, the linear response range of the analytes for water sample is 0.25-50 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.9953 and 0.9996. The linear range for soil sample is 1.0-400 ng/g with r ranging from 0.9959 to 0.9999. On the basis of the signal-to-noise ratio of 3, the limits of detections for the analytes ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 ng/mL for water samples, and from 0.3 to 0.5 ng/g for soil samples. The relative recoveries of the seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for water and soil samples were in the range of 79.55-120.0 and 78.76-120.8%, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the determination of the analytes in water and soil samples were lower than 11 and 10%, respectively. The method is simple and suitable for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in water and soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Baoxiu Hou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Zang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P. R. China
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5
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Skaggs CS, Logue BA. Ultratrace analysis of atrazine in soil using Ice Concentration Linked with Extractive Stirrer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461753. [PMID: 33285417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine is a widely-used pesticide with a relatively long half-life in the environment. This leads to persistent soil contamination with the potential of migration to ground and surface waters. Analysis of atrazine in soil is difficult due to the inherent complexity of soil as a sample matrix. Moreover, the moderate hydrophobicity of atrazine makes it difficult to extract into typical sorbent phases during sample preparation. Therefore, a method for the ultratrace determination of atrazine in soil using Ice Concentration Linked with Extractive Stirrer (ICECLES) and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed to address these issues. For the method, soil samples (10 g) were initially extracted with methanol:water (8:2, v:v), followed by solvent exchange to 100% water. The samples then underwent ICECLES with back-extraction into 100% methanol prior to HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The ICECLES-HPLC-MS/MS method produced a wide linear range of 10 to 1000 ng/kg, featured excellent limits of quantification and detection of 10 and 5 ng/kg, respectively, and good accuracy (100 ± 12%) and precision (≤9.6% relative standard deviation). This method was tested on field soil samples and provided ultratrace detection of atrazine. With this method, previously unachievable low parts per trillion (ppt) detection of atrazine in soil is now possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Skaggs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA; SGS North America, Inc., GLP Residue Chemistry, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Brian A Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
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Oesterle P, Lindberg RH, Fick J, Jansson S. Extraction of active pharmaceutical ingredients from simulated spent activated carbonaceous adsorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25572-25581. [PMID: 32356053 PMCID: PMC7329761 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) and activated biochar (ABC) are widely used as sorbents for micropollutant removal during water and wastewater treatment. Spent adsorbents can be treated in several ways, e.g., by incineration, disposal in landfills, or reactivation. Regeneration is an attractive and potentially more economically viable alternative to modern post-treatment practices. Current strategies for assessing the performance of regeneration techniques often involve only repeated adsorption and regeneration cycles, and rarely involve direct measurements of micropollutants remaining on the adsorbent after regeneration. However, the use of regenerated adsorbents containing such residual micropollutants could present an environmental risk. In this study, the extraction of eight active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) commonly found in treated effluents was evaluated using 10 solvents and sorption onto three different carbon materials. An optimized extraction method was developed involving ultrasonication in 1:1 methanol:dichloromethane with 5% formic acid. This method achieved recoveries of 60 to 99% per API for an API concentration of 2 μg/g char and 27 to 129% per API for an API concentration of 1 mg/g char. Experiments using a mixture of 82 common APIs revealed that the optimized protocol achieved extraction recoveries above 70% for 29 of these APIs. These results show that the new extraction method could be a useful tool for assessing the regenerative properties of different carbon sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Oesterle
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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Wang X, Kou H, Wang J, Du T, Teng R, Du X, Lu X. Mesostructured cellular foam solid‐phase microextraction coating for the highly sensitive recognition of polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2851-2857. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Haixia Kou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Ruiju Teng
- Lanzhou Industrial Research Institute Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinzhen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province Lanzhou P. R. China
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8
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Ntombela SC, Mahlambi PN. Method development and application for triazine herbicides analysis in water, soil and sediment samples from KwaZulu-Natal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:569-579. [PMID: 31164032 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1621113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the development and application of solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultrasonic extraction (UE) methods for the analysis of triazine herbicides in water, soil and sediment samples. The extraction parameters such as conditioning solvent, sample loading volume, eluting solvent, extraction time and sample mass were optimized due to their influence on the extraction efficiency of the analytes. To assess the applicability of the SPE and UE methods, spiked distilled water or soil samples were extracted and analyzed using an LC-PDA instrument. The recoveries obtained under optimum conditions were between 65-94% and 75-100% for SPE and UE, respectively. The relative standard deviations obtained were less than 0.36% for SPE and less than 4.6% for UE. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.026-0.084 µg/L for SPE and 0.0028-0.0083 mg/kg for UE. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was between 0.088-0.28 µg/L for SPE and 0.0089-0.028 mg/kg for UE. The concentrations of triazines were found to be between 0.96-7.4 µg/L and 0.79-15 µg/L in river water and wastewater effluent samples, respectively. In sediment samples, the triazine concentrations were found to be between 0.032-0.93 mg/kg, while in soil samples they were between 0.12-1.03 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Ntombela
- a Department of Chemistry , University of KwaZulu Natal , Pietermaritzburg , South Africa
| | - P N Mahlambi
- a Department of Chemistry , University of KwaZulu Natal , Pietermaritzburg , South Africa
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9
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Moreno-González R, León VM. Presence and distribution of current-use pesticides in surface marine sediments from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (SE Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8033-8048. [PMID: 28132193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and seasonal distributions of current-use pesticides (CUPs), including triazines, organophosphorus pesticides, and tributylphosphate, were characterized in surface sediments from the Mar Menor lagoon during 2009 and 2010. The impact of two flash flood events on the input of CUPs and their distribution in the lagoon were also assessed. The total (dissolved + sorbed phase) input of CUPs in the two flash floods through the El Albujón watercourse into the lagoon was estimated at 38.9 kg, of which 9.9 kg corresponded to organophosphorus pesticides and 5.5 kg to triazines. CUP distribution onto sediments was not homogeneous in the lagoon due to the different contaminant sources, sediment types, and the physicochemical and hydrodynamic conditions of the Mar Menor lagoon. Thirteen CUPs were detected in 2009 and 19 in 2010, including mainly herbicides, insecticides, and the additive tributylphosphate. Mean CUP concentrations in the lagoon were generally below 20 ng g-1, except for chlorpyrifos and tributylphosphate in 2010. The highest concentrations were detected in depositional areas of the lagoon, in the area of influence of the El Albujón watercourse and other wadis with groundwater contributions such as El Mirador (north) and Los Alcázares (east) and that of marine water from El Estacio channel. In fact, the maximum concentration was detected close to El Albujón watercourse (chlorpyrifos, 102.8 ng g-1 dry weight). Four herbicides, two insecticides, two fungicides, and tributylphosphate showed a risk quotient higher than 1, with that for chlorpyrifos ranging from 96 to 35,200 after flash flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moreno-González
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C / Varadero 1 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C / Varadero 1 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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Gallart-Mateu D, Pastor A, de la Guardia M, Armenta S, Esteve-Turrillas FA. Hard cap espresso extraction-stir bar preconcentration of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and sediments. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 952:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lin S, Gan N, Cao Y, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Selective dispersive solid phase extraction-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on aptamer-functionalized UiO-66-NH2 for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1446:34-40. [PMID: 27083256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) adsorbent based on aptamer-functionalized magnetic metal-organic framework material was developed for selective enrichment of the trace polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from soil sample. Firstly, we developed a simple, versatile synthetic strategy to prepare highly reproducible magnetic amino-functionalized UiO-66 (Fe3O4@PDA@UiO-66-NH2) by using polydopamine (PDA) as covalent linker. Then amino-functionalized aptamers which can recognize 2,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB72), 2',3',4',5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB106) were covalent immobilized on UiO-66-NH2 through coupling reagent of glutaraldehyde. Aptamer-functionalized adsorbent (Fe3O4@PDA@UiO-66-Apt) can specifically capture PCBs from complex matrix with high adsorption capacity based on the specific affinity of aptamer towards target. Moreover, the adsorbent can be easily isolated from the solution through magnetic separation after extraction. Afterwards, the detection was carried out with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The selective dSPE pretreatment coupled with GC-MS possessed high selectivity, good binding capacity, stability, repeatability and reproducibility for the extraction of PCBs. Furthermore, the adsorbent possessed good mechanical stability which can be applied in replicate at least for 60 extraction cycles with recovery over 80%. It provided a linear range of 0.02-400ngmL(-1) with a good correlation coefficient (R(2)=0.9994-0.9996), and the limit of detection was found to be 0.010-0.015ngmL(-1). The method was successfully utilized for the determination of PCBs in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saichai Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Gan
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuting Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yinji Chen
- Deptartment of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Qianli Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Huang L, Xi Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zuo Z. Phenanthrene exposure induces cardiac hypertrophy via reducing miR-133a expression by DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20105. [PMID: 26830171 PMCID: PMC4735597 DOI: 10.1038/srep20105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that there is an emerging link between environmental pollution and cardiac hypertrophy, while the mechanism is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine whether phenanthrene (Phe) could cause cardiac hypertrophy, and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. We found that: 1) Phe exposure increased the heart weight and cardiomyocyte size of rats; 2) Phe exposure led to enlarged cell size, and increased protein synthesis in H9C2 cells; 3) Phe exposure induced important markers of cardiac hypertrophy, such as atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, and c-Myc in H9C2 cells and rat hearts; 4) Phe exposure perturbed miR-133a, CdC42 and RhoA, which were key regulators of cardiac hypertrophy, in H9C2 cells and rat hearts; 5) Phe exposure induced DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in H9C2 cells and rat hearts; 6) Phe exposure led to methylation of CpG sites within the miR-133a locus and reduced miR-133a expression in H9C2 cells; 7) DNMT inhibition and miR-133a overexpression could both alleviate the enlargement of cell size and perturbation of CdC42 and RhoA caused by Phe exposure. These results indicated that Phe could induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the rat and H9C2 cells. The mechanism might involve reducing miR-133a expression by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhibing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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13
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Ndunda EN, Madadi VO, Mizaikoff B. An alternative clean-up column for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in solid matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:2101-2109. [PMID: 26560633 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for continuous monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has necessitated the development of analytical techniques that are sensitive and selective with minimal reagent requirement. In light of this, we developed a column for clean-up of soil and sediment extracts, which is less demanding in terms of the amount of solvent and sorbent. The dual-layer column consists of acidified silica gel and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs were synthesized via aqueous suspension polymerization using PCB 15 as the dummy template, 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and the obtained particles characterized via SEM, BET, and batch rebinding assays. Pre-concentration of the spiked real-world water sample using MISPE gave recoveries between 85.2 and 104.4% (RSD < 8.69). On the other hand, the specific dual-layer column designed for clean-up of extracts from complex matrices provided recoveries of 91.6-102.5% (RSD < 4%) for spiked soil, which was comparable to clean-up using acidified silica (70.4-90.5%; RSD < 3.72%) and sulfoxide modified silica (89.7-103.0%; RSD < 13.0%). However, the polymers were reusable maintaining recoveries of 79.8-111.8% after 30 cycles of regeneration and re-use, thereby availing a cost-effective clean-up procedure for continuous monitoring of PCBs. Method detection limits were 0.01-0.08 ng g(-1) and 0.002-0.01 ng mL(-1) for solid matrices and water, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Ndunda
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Vincent O Madadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Lin S, Gan N, Zhang J, Qiao L, Chen Y, Cao Y. Aptamer-functionalized stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for selective enrichment and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish samples. Talanta 2015; 149:266-274. [PMID: 26717840 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel aptamer-functionalized stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was developed for selective enrichment of the low abundance polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from fish samples. This approach was based on the immobilization of aptamer which could recognize 2,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB72) and 2',3',4',5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB106) on one kind of metal-organic frameworks (Zn4O(BDC)3, MOF-5). MOF-5 as a substrate was prepared by potential-controlled cathodic electrodeposition on stainless steel. This aptamer-functionalized stir bar sorptive extraction (Apt-MOF SBSE) fiber could be facile synthesized in one-step. PCB72 and PCB106 were employed as target analytes for selective extraction by the developed method. The adsorbed targets could be desorbed easily in pH 3.0 100mM glycine-HCl buffers and then extracted by the methylene chloride. Afterwards, the detection was carried out with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Apt-MOF SBSE pretreatment coupled with GC-MS exhibited high selectivity, good binding capacity, stability and reproducibility for the detection of PCBs. It provided a linear range of 0.02-250ngmL(-1) with a good coefficient of determination (R(2)=0.9991-0.9996) and the detection limit was 0.003-0.004ngmL(-1). More importantly, the method was successfully utilized for the determination of PCBs in fish samples with good enrichment factor (1930-2304). Therefore, this new SBSE coating opens up the possibility of selective enrichment of a given target PCBs from complex fish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saichai Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Gan
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Faculty of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yinji Chen
- Deptartment of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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15
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Magnetic metal-organic frameworks coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with GC–MS for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish samples. Talanta 2015; 144:1139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Simultaneous determination of polar and apolar compounds in environmental samples by a polyaniline/hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite-coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Zhang J, Pan M, Gan N, Cao Y, Wu D. Employment of a novel magnetically multifunctional purifying material for determination of toxic highly chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls at trace levels in soil samples. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Li G, Lang Y, Yang W, Peng P, Wang X. Source contributions of PAHs and toxicity in reed wetland soils of Liaohe estuary using a CMB-TEQ method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:199-204. [PMID: 24858217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
16 US EPA priority PAHs were analyzed in surface soils collected from reed wetland of Liaohe estuary. Total concentrations of the sixteen PAHs ranged from 235 ng g(-1) to 374 ng g(-1), while the total concentrations of seven carcinogenic PAHs (cPAHs) varied from 82.6 ng g(-1) to 109 ng g(-1). Toxicity of PAHs was assessed using toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ). The BaP and DBahA were the major contributors to TEQBaP, although IND showed the highest concentration level. Quantitative source apportionment of PAHs and toxicity (i.e. TEQBaP) were performed, using the CMB-TEQ (chemical mass balance model and TEQ) method. Results showed that, the vehicular sources (gasoline and diesel engine emissions) yielded a higher contribution to TEQBaP (95.7%) than that to PAHs (57.1%), while petrogenic source and biomass burning, two important contributors for total PAHs (21.6% and 21.3%, respectively), contributed a little to TEQBaP (3.6% and 0.7%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yinhai Lang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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19
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He M, Chen B, Hu B. Recent developments in stir bar sorptive extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2001-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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An Improved Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediment by Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction Followed by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Coupled to TD–GC–MS. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Sun M, Dai J, Wang X, Zhao X, Bi K, Chen X. Determination of phthalate esters in polyvinyl chloride infusion bag by stir bar sorptive extraction combined with GC. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3486-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Jinna Dai
- The First Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
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Zhang S, Zhao TB, Luo G, Huang H, Wang J, Cai ZZ. A Total Solution to Baseline Separation of 20 Brominated Flame Retardant Additives in Electronic Products with Automated Soxhlet Hot Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Considerations on the application of miniaturized sample preparation approaches for the analysis of organic compounds in environmental matrices. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe miniaturization and improvement of sample preparation is a challenge that has been fulfilled up to a point in many fields of analytical chemistry. Particularly, the hyphenation of microextraction with advanced analytical techniques has allowed the monitoring of target analytes in a vast variety of environmental samples. Several benefits can be obtained when miniaturized techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) are applied, specifically, their easiness, rapidity and capability to separate and pre-concentrate target analytes with a negligible consumption of organic solvents. In spite of the great acceptance that these green sample preparation techniques have in environmental research, their full implementation has not been achieved or even attempted in some relevant environmental matrices. In this work, a critical review of the applications of LPME and SPME techniques to isolate and pre-concentrate traces of organic pollutants is provided. In addition, the influence of the environmental matrix on the effectiveness of LPME and SPME for isolating the target organic pollutants is addressed. Finally, unsolved issues that may hinder the application of these techniques for the extraction of dissolved organic matter from environmental samples and some suggestions for developing novel and less selective enrichment and isolation procedures for natural organic matter on the basis of SPME and LPME are included.
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Abstract
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is an environmentally-friendly technology of sample preparation which combines extraction, cleanup and enrichment together, and it has been developed rapidly and widely applied to the trace enrichment of various target analytes in environmental, food and biological samples. Based on our research, the advance of SBSE, especially, the development of new coatings, are reviewed. At the same time, the possible development orientations of SBSE are discussed.
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25
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Camino-Sánchez FJ, Zafra-Gómez A, Pérez-Trujillo JP, Conde-González JE, Marques JC, Vílchez JL. Validation of a GC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 86 persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments by pressurized liquid extraction followed by stir bar sorptive extraction. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:869-881. [PMID: 21723584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A multiresidue method for the analysis of 86 persistent pollutants in marine sediments at ultra-trace level has been developed and validated using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled with thermal desorption and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS/MS QqQ). The compounds analyzed belong to various families such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenylethers, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides and other pesticides such as urons, and triazines. The analytes have very different polarities and log K(ow) values, which is an important parameter in the optimization of a SBSE method. Due to PLE high efficiency and throughput rates, along with the proven ability for multiresidue analysis and excellent sensitivity of SBSE, we present an efficient method. The limits of quantification obtained ranged from 0.014 to 1.0 ng g(-1), with detection limits below pg g(-1) levels. In order to validate the proposed methodology, quality parameters such as recovery, linearity and reproducibility were studied. Recoveries ranged from 63% to 119%, reproducibility (in terms of Relative Standard Deviation for ten determinations) was lower than 35% in all cases, and determination coefficients higher than 0.990 for all analytes. The main factors that affect PLE, SBSE and GC-MS/MS procedures were optimized. The method was applied to the analysis of nine marine sediments obtained from the nine main submarine wastewater discharge points (emissaries) presents along the coast of Tenerife Island (Canary Islands, Spain).
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26
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Ferreira AMC, Möder M, Laespada MF. Stir bar sorptive extraction of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan from soil, sediment and sludge with in situ derivatization and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3837-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Prieto A, Basauri O, Rodil R, Usobiaga A, Fernández L, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O. Stir-bar sorptive extraction: A view on method optimisation, novel applications, limitations and potential solutions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2642-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Schober W, Pusch G, Oeder S, Reindl H, Behrendt H, Buters JT. Metabolic activation of phenanthrene by human and mouse cytochromes P450 and pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2 knockout mice. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Montes R, Rodríguez I, Cela R. Solid-phase microextraction with simultaneous oxidative sample treatment for the sensitive determination of tetra- to hexa-brominated diphenyl ethers in sediments. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Sampedro MC, Goicolea MA, Unceta N, Sánchez-Ortega A, Barrio RJ. Sequential stir bar extraction, thermal desorption and retention time locked GC-MS for determination of pesticides in water. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3449-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Martínez Vidal JL, Garrido Frenich A, de las Nieves Barco Bonilla M, Romero-González R, Padilla Sánchez JA. Simultaneous extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils by pressurized liquid extraction and determination by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1551-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Pavón JLP, Martín SH, Pinto CG, Cordero BM. Programmed temperature vaporizer based method for the sensitive determination of trihalomethanes and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in soils. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6063-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Llorca-Pórcel J, Martínez-Parreño M, Martínez-Soriano E, Valor I. Analysis of chlorophenols, bisphenol-A, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenols in soil by means of ultrasonic solvent extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction with in situ derivatisation. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5955-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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