1
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Siebert DA, Caon NB, Alberton MD, Vitali L, Parize AL, Micke GA. Immobilized acetylcholinesterase in magnetic nanoparticles for in-line inhibition studies using a capillary electrophoresis system. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1275:341566. [PMID: 37524460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme assays can be performed with the capillary electrophoresis technique (CE) in many approaches, such as the immobilized enzyme micro-reactor. Acetylcholinesterase is a promising enzyme to be used when pursuing such a method, as it has already been explored in the proposal of similar methods of miniaturizing enzyme assays. The present work proposes a novel enzyme micro-reactor, based on the anchorage of the enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles of MnFe2O4, with chitosan and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker in the capillary by means of an arrange of neodymium magnets. The calculated Km of the enzyme evaluated by this method was 1.12 mmol L-1, comparable to other studies in the literature that utilizes immobilized enzymes. Also, IC50 for neostigmine was assessed in 3 different micro-reactors, with an average of 29.42 ± 3.88 μmol L-1. In terms of the micro-reactor stability, it was possible to perform at least 25 experiments with assembled micro-reactor. The method was applied to hydroalcoholic extracts of 7 plant species. Plinia cauliflora had the best result, with 42.31 ± 6.81% of enzyme inhibition in a concentration of 100 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alexandre Siebert
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Natália Bruzamarello Caon
- Laboratório de Estudo em Materiais Poliméricos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Debiasi Alberton
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua São Paulo 2171, CEP 89030-000, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luis Parize
- Laboratório de Estudo em Materiais Poliméricos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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2
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Liu R, Yi G, Ji B, Liu X, Gui Y, Xia Z, Fu Q. Metal–Organic Frameworks-Based Immobilized Enzyme Microreactors Integrated with Capillary Electrochromatography for High-Efficiency Enzyme Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6540-6547. [PMID: 35465669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gaoyi Yi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jintang Hospital, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610400, China
| | - Baian Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiuqiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jintang Hospital, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610400, China
| | - Yuanqi Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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3
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Liu DM, Xu B, Dong C. Recent advances in colorimetric strategies for acetylcholinesterase assay and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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4
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Siebert DA, Campos JS, Alberton MD, Vitali L, Micke GA. Dual electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis in multiple injection mode for the simultaneous determination of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase activity applied to selected polyphenols. Talanta 2020; 224:121773. [PMID: 33379009 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase (α-glu) are key target enzymes in the search for novel strategies in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes. Therefore, methods to assess the enzyme inhibition are of great value in the research field. Here is proposed a novel a dual electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis for the simultaneous determination of both enzymes' activity. In order to do so, the various solutions required for both assays were introduced in the capillary electrophoresis system using the multiple injections approach. Enzymatic kinetic parameters were tested, Km for AChE and α-glu were 3.81 and 0.43 mmol L-1. Ki values were 4.27 μmol L-1 for neostigmine (an AChE inhibitor) and 0.40 mmol L-1 for acarbose (an α-glu inhibitor). Results of IC50 (concentration for 50% of inhibition) were 5.11 ± 0.47 μmol L-1 and 0.58 ± 0,02 mmol L-1 for neostigmine and acarbose, respectively. All parameters (except for Ki of neostigmine) were comparable with the literature, indicating a good reliability of the proposed method to evaluate these enzymes activity. Total time analysis was approximately 10 min, being possible to perform around 12 enzymatic assays per hour, with low sample and reagent consumption, thus satisfying some of the principles of green chemistry. The method was applied to evaluate 10 phenolic compounds, of wich p-coumaric acid showed the best inhibitory activity for AChE (40.14 ± 4.75% at 10 mg L-1); and quercetin for α-glu (46.53 ± 4.90% at 10 mg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alexandre Siebert
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares Campos
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Debiasi Alberton
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau. Blumenau/SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Laboratório de Eletroforese Capilar, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC, Brazil.
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5
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He S, Zhang J, Dong Y, Duan X, Yang F, Luo T, Wang Z, Dong Y. Establishment and development of a CZE-UV method for rapid measurement of aprotinin potency. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:168-174. [PMID: 31705760 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the measurement of aprotinin potency by CZE-UV detector was established for the first time. The on-line mixing of substrate, trypsin and aprotinin using at-inlet technology was realized by the established method. Enzymatic reaction, separation, and detection of substrate and product can be performed simultaneously online. The aprotinin potency can be measured within 4 min. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the incubation conditions of trypsin and substrate, and the optimized conditions were obtained under 17.39 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.6, 1.40 min of incubation time. The repeatability of proposed method was evaluated in three different systems of capillary zone electrophoresis: (i) only substrate; (ii) trypsin and substrate; (iii) aprotinin, trypsin and substrate, and the RSDs of migration times and peak areas of substrate were less than 2.7 and 3.1%, respectively. The RSDs of migration times and peak areas of product were less than 2.1 and 3.0%, respectively. A formula was also developed to calculate the aprotinin potency in this method. In a word, the established CZE-UV method was convenient, fast, and environmentally friendly for the measurement of aprotinin potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Duan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fatang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tian Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Liu X, Azhar I, Khan H, Qu Q, Tian M, Yang L. Capillary electrophoresis-immobilized enzyme microreactors for acetylcholinesterase assay with surface modification by highly-homogeneous microporous layer. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1609:460454. [PMID: 31443966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based open-tubular immobilized enzyme microreactor (OT-IMER) and its application in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays. The IMER is fabricated at the capillary inlet (reactor length of ∼1 cm) with the inner surface modified by a micropore-structured layer (thickness of ∼220 nm, pore size of ∼15-20 nm). The use of IMER accomplishes the enzymatic reaction and separation/detection of the products in the same capillary within 3 min. The feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated via online analysis of the activity and inhibition of AChE enzymes. Such method exhibits good reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4% for 20 runs, and the enzyme remains over 82% of the initial activity after usage of 7 days. The IMERs are successfully applied to detect the organophosphorus pesticide, paraoxon, in three types of vegetable juice samples with a limit of detection of as low as 61 ng mL-1. Results show that the spiked samples are in the range of 89.6-105.9% with RSD less than 2.7%, thereby indicating its satisfactory level of accurate and reliable analysis of real samples by using the proposed method. Our study indicates that, with combination of advantages of both porous-layer capillary and CE OT-IMER, the proposed method is capable to enhance enzymatic reactions and to achieve rapid analysis with simple instrumentation and operation, thus would pave the way for extensive application of CE-based IMERs in a variety of bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Irfan Azhar
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Habib Khan
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China
| | - Qishu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecule Design and Interface Process, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130052, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130024, China.
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7
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Yang J, Hu X, Xu J, Liu X, Yang L. Single-Step In Situ Acetylcholinesterase-Mediated Alginate Hydrogelation for Enzyme Encapsulation in CE. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4071-4078. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Ma H, Bai Y, Li J, Chang YX. Screening bioactive compounds from natural product and its preparations using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:260-274. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yun Bai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
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9
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Bitzinger DI, Gruber M, Tümmler S, Michels B, Bundscherer A, Hopf S, Trabold B, Graf BM, Zausig YA. Species- and concentration-dependent differences of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase sensitivity to physostigmine and neostigmine. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Tang L, Zhang W, Zhao H, Chen Z. Tyrosinase inhibitor screening in traditional Chinese medicines by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2887-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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11
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Zhou CH, Li DQ, Xiao YY, Yang XL, Zhang ZQ. Practical method for the rapid screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in herbal extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography based on on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2267-71. [PMID: 25914271 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography method with on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction for the screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in natural extracts was developed. In this method, the enzymatic reaction occurred at the capillary inlet during a predetermined waiting period, after which the reaction product, uric acid, was separated and detected by liquid chromatography using ultraviolet absorption at 295 nm. Enzyme inhibition can be read out directly from the reduced peak area of uric acid in comparison to a reference chromatogram obtained in the absence of any inhibitor. In the present study, the availability of on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction with ultraviolet detection was firstly evaluated by determining the inhibitory mechanism and IC50 values of allopurinol, a commercially available positive drug. Then, the newly developed method was applied to screening of ten natural extracts from traditional Chinese medicine and as a result, the extract of Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim was found to be most positive for xanthine oxidase inhibition. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by offline enzyme assay and the effectiveness of the present method was confirmed. A rapid, low-cost, and fully automated method for xanthine oxidase inhibitor screening was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xiao
- The Dacheng Country Hospital, Langfang city, Hebei province, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Yang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
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12
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Vandeput M, Parsajoo C, Vanheuverzwijn J, Patris S, Yardim Y, le Jeune A, Sarakbi A, Mertens D, Kauffmann JM. Flow-through enzyme immobilized amperometric detector for the rapid screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Iqbal S, Nisar ur Rehman, Kortz U, Iqbal J. Development of a fast and efficient CE enzyme assay for the characterization and inhibition studies of α-glucosidase inhibitors. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3623-8. [PMID: 23996827 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. We have established a highly sensitive, fast, and convenient CE method for the characterization of the enzyme and inhibition studies of α-glucosidase inhibitors. The separation conditions were optimized; the pH value and concentration of the borate-based separation buffer were optimized in order to achieve baseline separation of p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenolate. The optimized method using 25 mM tetraborate buffer, pH 9.5, was evaluated in terms of repeatability, LOD, LOQ, and linearity. The LOD and LOQ were 0.32 and 1.32 μM for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and 0.83 and 3.42 μM for p-nitrophenolate, respectively. The value of the Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) determined for the enzyme is 0.61 mM, which is in good agreement with the reported data. The RSDs (n = 6) for the migration time was 0.67 and 1.83% for substrate and product, respectively. In the newly established CE method, the separation of the reaction analytes was completed in <4 min. The developed CE method is rapid and simple for measuring enzyme kinetics and for assaying inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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14
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Nehmé H, Nehmé R, Lafite P, Routier S, Morin P. In-capillary reactant mixing for monitoring glycerol kinase kinetics by CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2151-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Philippe Morin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
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15
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Shanmuganathan M, Britz-McKibbin P. High quality drug screening by capillary electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 773:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Iqbal J, Iqbal S, Müller CE. Advances in immobilized enzyme microbioreactors in capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2013; 138:3104-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Ying Kwan H, Thormann W. Electrophoretically mediated microanalysis for characterization of the enantioselective CYP3A4 catalyzed N-demethylation of ketamine. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3299-305. [PMID: 22949220 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Execution of an enzymatic reaction performed in a capillary with subsequent electrophoretic analysis of the formed products is referred to as electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). An EMMA method was developed to investigate the stereoselectivity of the CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation of ketamine. Ketamine was incubated in a 50 μm id bare fused-silica capillary together with human CYP3A4 Supersomes using a 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. A plug containing racemic ketamine and the NADPH regenerating system including all required cofactors for the enzymatic reaction was injected, followed by a plug of the metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 (500 nM). These two plugs were bracketed by plugs of incubation buffer to ensure proper conditions for the enzymatic reaction. The rest of the capillary was filled with a pH 2.5 running buffer comprising 50 mM Tris, phosphoric acid, and 2% w/v of highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin. Mixing of reaction plugs was enhanced via application of -10 kV for 10 s. After an incubation of 8 min at 37°C without power application (zero-potential amplification), the capillary was cooled to 25°C within 3 min followed by application of -10 kV for the separation and detection of the formed enantiomers of norketamine. Norketamine formation rates were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model and the elucidated values for V(max) and K(m) were found to be comparable to those obtained from the off-line assay of a previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Ying Kwan
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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On-line immobilized acetylcholinesterase microreactor for screening of inhibitors from natural extracts by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Nehme H, Nehme R, Lafite P, Routier S, Morin P. New development in in-capillary electrophoresis techniques for kinetic and inhibition study of enzymes. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 722:127-35. [PMID: 22444544 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are often quantified by measuring their biological activity. Capillary electrophoresis is gaining its position in this field due to the ongoing trend to miniaturize biochemical assays. The aim of this work was to compare pre-capillary (off-line) and in-capillary electrophoresis techniques for studying enzymatic activity. The β-galactosidase (β-Gal) was chosen as a model enzyme. Each technique was optimized independently in order to decrease analyte consumption (to few tens of nanoliters), incubation time (to few seconds) and analysis time (below 1 min). Several experimental parameters (ionic strength of the background electrolyte (BGE) and of the incubation buffer, incubation time, injected volumes, …) were optimized by following peak efficiencies, resolution and repeatability. To monitor the performance of each technique, the catalytic constants (V(max) and K(m)) of 4-nitro-phenyl-d-galactopyranoside (PNPG) hydrolysis by β-Gal as well as the inhibition constants (K(i) and IC(50)) by a competitive inhibitor 2-nitrophenyl-1-thio-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (ONPTG) were determined. The results obtained were cross compared and were also evaluated by comparison to a standard spectrophotometric method. EMMA proved to be the best technique in terms of sample consumption and speed. The short-end injection was successfully used which speeded-up electrophoretic analysis (<0.8 min). It is a very powerful tool for studying enzymatic inhibition. Usually, the inhibitor is injected in the capillary mixed to the substrate especially when both have similar mobilities. We show in this work, for the first time, that combining at-inlet reaction with EMMA-CE allows enzyme inhibition to be realized without any prior mixing of the substrate and the inhibitor. This approach is very interesting for screening inhibitors, rapidly and without excessive substrate consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nehme
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, CNRS FR 2708, UMR 7311, Orléans, France
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Inhibitor screening of pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2843-53. [PMID: 21286689 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders based on enhanced stabilization and trafficking of mutant protein upon orthosteric and/or allosteric binding. Herein, we introduce a simple yet reliable enzyme assay using capillary electrophoresis (CE) for inhibitor screening of PCs that target the lysosomal enzyme, β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The rate of GCase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D: -glucopyranoside was performed using different classes of PCs by CE with UV detection under standardized conditions. The pH and surfactant dependence of inhibitor binding on recombinant GCase activity was also examined. Enzyme inhibition studies were investigated for five putative PCs including isofagomine (IFG), ambroxol, bromhexine, diltiazem, and fluphenazine. IFG was confirmed as a potent competitive inhibitor of recombinant GCase with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 47.5 ± 0.1 and 4.6 ± 1.4 nM at pH 5.2 and pH 7.2, respectively. In contrast, the four other non-carbohydrate amines were demonstrated to function as mixed-type inhibitors with high micromolar activity at neutral pH relative to acidic pH conditions reflective of the lysosome. CE offers a convenient platform for characterization of PCs as a way to accelerate the clinical translation of previously approved drugs for oral treatment of rare genetic disorders, such as Gaucher disease.
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Hai X, Wang X, El-Attug M, Adams E, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. In-Capillary Screening of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Electrophoretically Mediated Microanalysis with Fluorescence Detection. Anal Chem 2010; 83:425-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1027098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hai
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xu Wang
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamed El-Attug
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Hoogmartens
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Fan Y, Scriba GKE. Advances in capillary electrophoretic enzyme assays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1076-90. [PMID: 20439145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become a frequently used tool for enzyme assays due to its well-recognized advantages such as high separation efficiency, short analysis time, small sample and chemicals consumption. The published applications cover all aspects of enzyme characterization and analysis including the determination of the enzyme activity, substrate and modulator characterization and identification, as well as the investigation of enzyme-mediated metabolic pathways of bioactive molecules. The CE assays may be classified into two general categories: (1) pre-capillary assays where the reactions are performed offline followed by CE analysis of the substrates and products and (2) online assays when the enzyme reaction and separation of the analytes are performed in the same capillary. In online assays, the enzyme may be either immobilized or in solution. The latter is also referred to as electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). The present review will highlight the literature of CE-based enzyme assays from 2006 to November 2009. One section will be devoted to applications of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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