1
|
Hashkavayi AB, Alizadeh A, Azimi R, Peyrovi M, Raoof JB, Chun H. Development of core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective detection of ezetimibe. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17169. [PMID: 37332928 PMCID: PMC10276227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor was fabricated for detection of ezetimibe (Eze) as an effective cholesterol absorption inhibitor on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode based on a magnetic nanoparticle decorated with MIP (Fe3O4@MIP). Placing the magnetic nanoparticle inside the MIP increases the biocompatibility, surface-to-volume ratio, and sensitivity of the sensor. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as a monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker, and Eze as a template. The fabricated Fe3O4@MIP was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detection of Eze was achieved by differential pulse voltammetry. Using this sensor, Eze can be sensitively detected in the range of 1.0 nM-10 μM and detection limit of 0.7 nM. In addition, we have shown that the proposed sensor successfully detects different concentrations of Eze in human serum samples and thus proves its practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolhossein Alizadeh
- Department of Chemical Industry, Bushehr Branch, Technical and Vocational University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Razieh Azimi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Moazameh Peyrovi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Jahan Bakhsh Raoof
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Honggu Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Establishment and application of quantitative method for 22 organic acids in honey based on SPE-GC–MS. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHoney, a natural healthy liquid bee product, is rich in amino acids, vitamins, and other essential nutrients. Different origin honeys also varied in organic acids. The objective of this study is to establish an efficient solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE-GC–MS) method to eliminate interference of sugar and other impurities for accurately estimating 22 organic acids in honey by optimizing extraction, purification, derivatization, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analytical conditions. After being extracted, purified and derivatized, organic acids in honey were qualified and quantified by GC–MS. This method was evaluated experimentally, and the results showed that, within a certain concentration range, the standard curve linear relationship was satisfactory (R2 > 0.9942), and the target organic acid recovery rate was 86.74% ~ 118.68%. Besides, precision (relative standard deviation, RSD = 2.98% ~ 13.42%), detection limit (LOD = 0.002 ~ 0.2 mg kg−1), and quantification limit (LOQ = 0.008 ~ 0.5 mg kg−1) met the target requirements. Also, based on this analytical method, the organic acids in five types of honey (acacia, jujube, vitex, canola and linden honey) were estimated. Notably, they all contained 22 different kinds of organic acids, and significant differences (p < 0.05) in the organic acid content and composition among different honey varieties were observed. PCA analysis showed that the five honeys could be differentiated based on the content of 22 organic acids.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rocha LP, Cabral LM, Pinto EC, de Sousa VP. Ezetimibe: A Review of Analytical Methods for the Drug Substance, Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:1078-1093. [PMID: 33347374 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1857222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ezetimibe (EZM) is a selective inhibitor of the sterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 in the small intestine used as an adjunctive therapy to lower cholesterol levels in cases of hyperlipidemia. The goal of this work was to summarize the main physical-chemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of EZM, as well as to describe the main analytical methodologies for the quantification of the drug. Methods described in the United States Pharmacopeia for EZM raw material and tablets were also presented. The drug has a large number of process-related impurities and degradation products and needs strict quality control of its impurities. Specific chiral methods for the evaluation of its chiral impurities are also a need for EZM. The main advantages and disadvantages of the compiled analytical methods were presented, as well as the limits of detection and quantitation. The fastest and most efficient methods were highlighted. Most methods for analyzing EZM used C8 or C18 stationary phases in gradient mode with binary mobile phases containing acetonitrile and an acidic buffer solution with ultraviolet detection. For analysis of EZM in biological matrices, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is generally employed using electron spray ionization in negative ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring. Different methods in the literature evaluate a large number of impurities for EZM, however new stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography methods for the drug are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Pereira Rocha
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhadoriya A, Sanyal M, Shah PA, Shrivastav PS. Simultaneous quantitation of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Pharmacokinetic study of fixed-dose formulation and separate tablets. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4291. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry; St. Xavier's College; Ahmedabad India
| | - Priyanka A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| | - Pranav S. Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences; Gujarat University; Ahmedabad India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hammouda MEA, Abu El-Enin MA, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Wasseef DR, El-Ashry SM. Microemulsion liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and ezetimibe in their combined dosage forms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:132836. [PMID: 24282651 PMCID: PMC3826296 DOI: 10.1155/2013/132836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A rapid HPLC procedure using a microemulsion as an eluent was developed and validated for analytical quality control of antihyperlipidemic mixture containing simvastatin (SIM) and ezetimibe (EZT) in their pharmaceutical preparations. The separation was performed on a column packed with cyano bonded stationary phase adopting UV detection at 238 nm using a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The optimized microemulsion mobile phase consisted of 0.2 M sodium dodecyl sulphate, 1% octanol, 10% n-propanol, and 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid at pH 5.0. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LOQ), lower limit of detection (LOD), precision, and accuracy. The proposed method is rapid (8.5 min), reproducible (RSD < 2.0%) and achieves satisfactory resolution between SIM and EZT (resolution factor = 2.57). The mean recoveries of the analytes in pharmaceutical preparations were in agreement with those obtained from a reference method, as revealed by statistical analysis of the obtained results using Student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. A. Hammouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abu El-Enin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina T. El-Sherbiny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia R. El-Wasseef
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saadia M. El-Ashry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simultaneous determination of ezetimibe and simvastatin in rat plasma by stable-isotope dilution LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:286-294. [PMID: 29403892 PMCID: PMC5761217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ezetimibe and simvastatin in rat plasma. The deuterium isotopes: ezetimibe d4 and simvastatin d6 were used as internal standards for ezetimibe and simvastatin, respectively. MS/MS detection involved a switch of electron spray ionization mode from negative to positive at retention time 3.01 min. Samples were extracted from plasma by liquid–liquid extraction using tertiary butyl methyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved with Agilent Eclipse XBD-C18 column using mobile phase that consisted of a mixture of ammonium acetate (pH4.5; 10 mM)–acetonitrile (25:75 v/v). The method was linear and validated over the concentration range of 0.2–40.0 ng/mL for simvastatin and 0.05–15.0 ng/mL for ezetimibe. The transitions selected were m/z 408.3→271.1 and m/z 412.0→275.10 for ezetimibe and ezetimibe d4, and m/z 419.30→285.20 and m/z 425.40→199.20 for simvastatin and simvastatin d6. Intra- and inter-batch precisions for ezetimibe were 1.6–14.8% and 2.1–13.4%; and for simvastatin 0.94–9.56% and 0.79–12%, respectively. The proposed method was sensitive, selective, precise and accurate for the quantification of ezetimibe and simvastatin simultaneously in rat plasma. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study by oral co-administration of ezetimibe and simvastatin in SD rats.
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Bagary RI, Elkady EF, El-Sherif ZA, Kadry AM. LC-MS-MS Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin and Ezetimibe in Human Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:773-80. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Electrochemical oxidation behavior of ezetimibe and its adsorptive stripping determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
9
|
Two spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of some antihyperlipidemic drugs. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:279-284. [PMID: 29403754 PMCID: PMC5760889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two simple, accurate, precise and economic spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin calcium (ATR) and Ezetimibe (EZ) in their bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method (I) is based on dual wavelength analysis while method (II) is the mean centering of ratio spectra spectrophotometric (MCR) method. In method (I), two wavelengths were selected for each drug in such a way that the difference in absorbance was zero for the second drug. At wavelengths 226.6 and 244 nm EZ had equal absorbance values; therefore, these two wavelengths have been used to determine ATR; on a similar basis 228.6 and 262.8 nm were selected to determine EZ in their binary mixtures. In method II, the absorption spectra of both ATR and EZ with different concentrations were recorded over the range 200-350, divided by the spectrum of suitable divisor of both ATR and EZ and then the obtained ratio spectra were mean centered. The concentrations of active components were then determined from the calibration graphs obtained by measuring the amplitudes at 215-260 nm (peak to peak) for both ATR and EZ. Accuracy and precision of the developed methods have been tested; in addition recovery studies have been carried out in order to confirm their accuracy. On the other hand, selectivities of the methods were tested by application for determination of different synthetic mixtures containing different ratios of the studied drugs. The developed methods have been successfully used for determination of ATR and EZ in their combined dosage form and statistical comparison of the developed methods with the reported spectrophotometric one using F and Student's t-tests showed no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision.
Collapse
|
10
|
Macwana CR, Patel AJ, Parmar VM, Patel SG. SIMULTANEOUS HPTLC ANALYSIS OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM, EZETIMIBE, AND FENOFIBRATE IN TABLET. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.601502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya R. Macwana
- a K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Archita J. Patel
- a K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Gandhinagar , India
| | - Vishal M. Parmar
- b I. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Himmantnagar , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Micelle-Enhanced Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Cholesterol-Reducing Drug Ezetimibe in Dosage Forms. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:9-15. [PMID: 21858740 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
12
|
Lestari MLAD, Ardiana F, Indrayanto G. Ezetimibe. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2011; 36:103-149. [PMID: 22469260 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387667-6.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ezetimibe is a drug substance which can be used for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Its crystal form and polymorphism have been determined using X-ray diffraction and thermal methods. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Ezetimibe as well as study of its impurities and degradations were summarized in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L A D Lestari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Dharmawangsa Dalam, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bahrami G, Mohammadi B, Khatabi PM, Farzaei MH, Majnooni MB, Bahoosh SR. Application of one-step liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem MS/MS and collision-induced dissociation to quantification of ezetimibe and identification of its glucuronated metabolite in human serum: A pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2789-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Raman B, Sharma BA, Butala R, Ghugare PD, Kumar A. Structural elucidation of a process-related impurity in ezetimibe by LC/MS/MS and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 52:73-8. [PMID: 20079995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A major process-related impurity associated with the synthesis of ezetimibe was detected by LC-MS. The isolated impurity was found not to have been previously reported. Based on LC/MS/MS studies and accurate mass data, the structure of that impurity was proposed to be 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-N,5-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxypentanamide. The postulated structure was unambiguously confirmed with the help of the NMR and IR analyses of a synthetically obtained sample. The chemical shift of the labile proton of that new entity was assigned by a 2D-NOESY NMR experiment. A rationalization for the formation of this impurity is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Raman
- Department of Chemistry, K.J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, Vidyavihar (E), Mumbai 400077, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|