Glycin-bonded silica monolithic column as zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction pressurized capillary electrochromatography

Silica-particle-supported zwitterionic polymer monolith for microcolumn liquid chromatography

A silica-particle-supported zwitterionic polymeric monolithic column, shortened as supported column (S-column), was prepared by the in situ polymerization of methacrylic acid, ethylene dimethacrylate, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate in the presence of a ternary porogenic solvent containing water, methanol, and cyclohexanol in a 250 μm id fused-silica capillary prepacked with 5 μm bare silica particles. In the S-column, a thin layer of the polymers was formed around the silica particles in the form of nanoglobules, leaving the interstitial spaces between the particles free for liquid flow. The effects of the preparation conditions on the morphology of the monolith were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and backpressure measurements. The selected volumetric ratio of porogens, monomer concentration, polymerization time, and temperature are 1:1:8 (water/methanol/cyclohexanol), 25% v/v, 5 h, and 60°C, respectively. The S-column was evaluated by comparison with its conventional organic counterpart in terms of morphology, mechanical stability, permeability, swelling-shrinking behavior, capacity, and efficiency. The results demonstrate that the S-column is superior to its counterpart in all the terms with the exception of permeability. The above merits and zwitterionic property of the S-column were further confirmed by separate separations of four inorganic anions and three organic cations.