1
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Wei O, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yang B, Ye Q, Yang Z. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method for Fingerprinting Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Alkyl-Homologs in Crude Oil. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1341905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Wei
- SOA, Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- SOA, Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Information and Logistics Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Baijuan Yang
- SOA, Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Ye
- SOA, Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Patil RA, Talebi M, Sidisky LM, Armstrong DW. Examination of Selectivities of Thermally Stable Geminal Dicationic Ionic Liquids by Structural Modification. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Ponsin V, Buscheck TE, Hunkeler D. Heart-cutting two-dimensional gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in complex groundwater and gas-phase samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1492:117-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Miranda NT, Sequinel R, Hatanaka RR, de Oliveira JE, Flumignan DL. Ultrafast gas chromatography method with direct injection for the quantitative determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in commercial gasoline. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1508-1515. [PMID: 28169493 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes are some of the most hazardous constituents found in commercial gasoline samples; therefore, these components must be monitored to avoid toxicological problems. We propose a new routine method of ultrafast gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection for the direct determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in commercial gasoline. This method is based on external standard calibration to quantify each compound, including the validation step of the study of linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision, and accuracy. The time of analysis was less than 3.2 min, with quantitative statements regarding the separation and quantification of all compounds in commercial gasoline samples. Ultrafast gas chromatography is a promising alternative method to official analytical techniques. Government laboratories could consider using this method for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahieh Toscano Miranda
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo-IFSP-Campus Matão, Matão, São Paulo, Brasil.,Centro de Monitoramento e Pesquisa da Qualidade de Combustíveis, Biocombustíveis, Petróleo e Derivados-Cempeqc, São Paulo State University-Unesp, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Sequinel
- Centro de Monitoramento e Pesquisa da Qualidade de Combustíveis, Biocombustíveis, Petróleo e Derivados-Cempeqc, São Paulo State University-Unesp, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Hatanaka
- Centro de Monitoramento e Pesquisa da Qualidade de Combustíveis, Biocombustíveis, Petróleo e Derivados-Cempeqc, São Paulo State University-Unesp, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo de Oliveira
- Centro de Monitoramento e Pesquisa da Qualidade de Combustíveis, Biocombustíveis, Petróleo e Derivados-Cempeqc, São Paulo State University-Unesp, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Danilo Luiz Flumignan
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo-IFSP-Campus Matão, Matão, São Paulo, Brasil.,Centro de Monitoramento e Pesquisa da Qualidade de Combustíveis, Biocombustíveis, Petróleo e Derivados-Cempeqc, São Paulo State University-Unesp, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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5
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Pavlova A, Sharafutdinov I, Dobrev D, Stratiev D, Shishkova I, Mitkova M, Rudnev N. Determination of Benzene and Oxygenates in Petroleum by Heart-Cutting Gas Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1130712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Jacobs MR, Gras R, Nesterenko PN, Luong J, Shellie RA. Back-flushing and heart cut capillary gas chromatography using planar microfluidic Deans’ switching for the separation of benzene and alkylbenzenes in industrial samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1421:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Moreau J, Rinnert E. Fast identification and quantification of BTEX coupling by Raman spectrometry and chemometrics. Analyst 2015; 140:3535-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) monitoring is of environmental interest since these chemical pollutants are omnipresent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Moreau
- IFREMER
- Laboratoire Détection
- Capteurs et Mesures
- 29280 Plouzané
- France
| | - E. Rinnert
- IFREMER
- Laboratoire Détection
- Capteurs et Mesures
- 29280 Plouzané
- France
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8
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Gas chromatography on wall-coated open-tubular columns with ionic liquid stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:87-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Amer MW, Mitrevski B, Roy Jackson W, Chaffee AL, Marriott PJ. Multidimensional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography of dichloromethane soluble products from a high sulfur Jordanian oil shale. Talanta 2014; 120:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Chainet F, Lienemann CP, Ponthus J, Courtiade M, Donard OFX. Development of heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry for silicon speciation at trace levels in gasoline samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1264:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Use of ionic liquids as stationary phases in hyphenated gas chromatography techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:130-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Ragonese C, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Increasing the Isolated Quantities and Purities of Volatile Compounds by Using a Triple Deans-Switch Multidimensional Preparative Gas Chromatographic System with an Apolar-Wax-Ionic Liquid Stationary-Phase Combination. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7092-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3013829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont srl A spin-off of
the University of Messina, c/o University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Ragonese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
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13
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Mitrevski B, Marriott PJ. Novel Hybrid Comprehensive 2D – Multidimensional Gas Chromatography for Precise, High-Resolution Characterization of Multicomponent Samples. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4837-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300429y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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15
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Mitrevski B, Webster RL, Rawson P, Evans DJ, Choi HK, Marriott PJ. Multidimensional gas chromatography of oxidative degradation products in algae-derived fuel oil samples using narrow heartcuts and rapid cycle times. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1224:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Seeley JV. Recent advances in flow-controlled multidimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:24-37. [PMID: 22305357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The continued development of flow-controlled two-dimensional gas chromatography (2-D GC) is reviewed, with a special emphasis on results published from 2001 through 2011. Heart-cutting 2-D GC continues to be used for isolating selected components in complex mixtures. The programmable and highly precise flows and temperatures produced by modern gas chromatographs have made it easier to selectively transfer analytes to the secondary column and to backflush unwanted components from the primary column. Several new Deans switch interfaces for performing heart-cutting 2-D GC have been introduced, with most attention given to devices that integrate the flow connections into a single unit. Heart-cutting 2-D GC has been used to isolate analytes in a wide variety of complex mixtures including fuels, industrial feedstocks, fragrances, and environmental extracts. Valve-based comprehensive 2-D GC (GC×GC) was also actively developed in the past decade. Valve-based modulation is a simple way to generate GC×GC separations without using cryogenic fluids. More than ten new valve-based modulators were introduced. Diaphragm valves fitted with sample loops are the most common low duty cycle modulators, whereas fluidic modulators that employ differential flow conditions are the most common high duty cycle modulators. Applications of valve-based GC×GC include analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures, essential oils, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Seeley
- Oakland University, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
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17
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Cui H, Hua L, Hou K, Wu J, Chen P, Xie Y, Wang W, Li J, Li H. Coupling of stir bar sorptive extraction with single photon ionization mass spectrometry for determination of volatile organic compounds in water. Analyst 2012; 137:513-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Tobias HJ, Auchus RJ, Brenna JT. Comprehensive 2-dimensional gas chromatography fast quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC × GC-qMS) for urinary steroid profiling: mass spectral characteristics with chemical ionization. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:857-67. [PMID: 22147458 DOI: 10.1002/dta.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive 2-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), coupled to either a time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) or a fast scanning quadrupole MS (qMS) has greatly increased the peak capacity and separation space compared to conventional GC-MS. However, commercial GC × GC-TOFMS systems are not equipped with chemical ionization (CI) and do not provide dominant molecular ions or enable single ion monitoring for maximal sensitivity. A GC × GC-qMS in mass scanning mode was investigated with electron ionization (EI) and positive CI (PCI), using CH(4) and NH(3) as reagent gases. Compared to EI, PCI-NH(3) produced more abundant molecular ions and high mass, structure-specific ions for steroid acetates. Chromatography in two dimensions was optimized with a mixture of 12 endogenous and 3 standard acetylated steroids (SM15-AC) relevant to doping control. Eleven endogenous target steroid acetates were identified in normal urine based on their two retention times, and EI and PCI-NH(3) mass spectra; nine of these endogenous target steroid acetates were identified in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients. The difference between the urinary steroids profiles of normal individuals and those from CAH patients can easily be visually distinguished by their GC × GC-qMS chromatograms. We focus here on the comparison and interpretation of the various mass spectra of the targeted endogenous steroids. PCI-NH(3) mass spectra were most useful for unambiguous molecular weight determination and for establishing the number of -OH by the losses of one or more acetate groups. We conclude that PCI-NH(3) with GC × GC-qMS provides improved peak capacity and pseudomolecular ions with structural specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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19
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Ragonese C, Sciarrone D, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Evaluation of a Medium-Polarity Ionic Liquid Stationary Phase in the Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Compounds. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7947-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202012u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ragonese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
- Università Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168−Messina, Italy
- Università Campus-Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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20
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Sciarrone D, Costa R, Ragonese C, Tranchida PQ, Tedone L, Santi L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Joulain D, Mondello L. Application of a multidimensional gas chromatography system with simultaneous mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection to the analysis of sandalwood oil. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:137-42. [PMID: 21112592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production and trade of Indian sandalwood oil is strictly regulated, due to the impoverishment of the plantations; for such a reason, Australian sandalwood oil has been evaluated as a possible substitute of the Indian type. International directives report, for both the genuine essential oils, specific ranges for the sesquiterpene alcohols (santalols). In the present investigation, a multidimensional gas chromatographic system (MDGC), equipped with simultaneous flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection (FID/MS), has been successfully applied to the analysis of a series of sandalwood oils of different origin. A detailed description of the system utilized is reported. Three santalol isomers, (Z)-α-trans-bergamotol, (E,E)-farnesol, (Z)-nuciferol, epi-α-bisabolol and (Z)-lanceol have been quantified. LoD (MS) and LoQ (FID) values were determined for (E,E)-farnesol, used as representative of the oxygenated sesquiterpenic group, showing levels equal to 0.002% and 0.003%, respectively. A great advantage of the instrumental configuration herein discussed, is represented by the fact that identification and quantitation of target analytes are carried out in one step, without the need to perform two separate analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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21
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Evaluation of tea tree oil quality and ascaridole: A deep study by means of chiral and multi heart-cuts multidimensional gas chromatography system coupled to mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6422-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Purcaro G, Tranchida PQ, Ragonese C, Conte L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Mondello L. Evaluation of a Rapid-Scanning Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer in an Apolar × Ionic-Liquid Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography System. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8583-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101678r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Purcaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, and Università Campus-Bio-medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, and Università Campus-Bio-medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Ragonese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, and Università Campus-Bio-medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Conte
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, and Università Campus-Bio-medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, and Università Campus-Bio-medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, and Università Campus-Bio-medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2, 33100 Udine, and Università Campus-Bio-medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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