1
|
Rajoub N, Gerard CJJ, Pantuso E, Fontananova E, Caliandro R, Belviso BD, Curcio E, Nicoletta FP, Pullen J, Chen W, Heng JYY, Ruane S, Liddell J, Alvey N, Ter Horst JH, Di Profio G. A workflow for the development of template-assisted membrane crystallization downstream processing for monoclonal antibody purification. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2998-3049. [PMID: 37697106 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly used biologic drugs for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, COVID-19 and various cancers. They are produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and are purified via a number of complex and expensive chromatography-based steps, operated in batch mode, that rely heavily on protein A resin. The major drawback of conventional procedures is the high cost of the adsorption media and the extensive use of chemicals for the regeneration of the chromatographic columns, with an environmental cost. We have shown that conventional protein A chromatography can be replaced with a single crystallization step and gram-scale production can be achieved in continuous flow using the template-assisted membrane crystallization process. The templates are embedded in a membrane (e.g., porous polyvinylidene fluoride with a layer of polymerized polyvinyl alcohol) and serve as nucleants for crystallization. mAbs are flexible proteins that are difficult to crystallize, so it can be challenging to determine the optimal conditions for crystallization. The objective of this protocol is to establish a systematic and flexible approach for the design of a robust, economic and sustainable mAb purification platform to replace at least the protein A affinity stage in traditional chromatography-based purification platforms. The procedure provides details on how to establish the optimal parameters for separation (crystallization conditions, choice of templates, choice of membrane) and advice on analytical and characterization methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazer Rajoub
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charline J J Gerard
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elvira Pantuso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Enrica Fontananova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia (IC), Bari, Italy
| | - Efrem Curcio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fiore P Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Rende, Italy
| | - James Pullen
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Billingham, UK
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Ruane
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | - John Liddell
- Center for Process Innovation (CPI), Darlington, UK
| | | | - Joop H Ter Horst
- CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gianluca Di Profio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane (ITM), Rende, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alhazmi HA, Albratty M. Analytical Techniques for the Characterization and Quantification of Monoclonal Antibodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:291. [PMID: 37259434 PMCID: PMC9967501 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a fast-growing class of biopharmaceuticals. They are widely used in the identification and detection of cell makers, serum analytes, and pathogenic agents, and are remarkably used for the cure of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, or malignancies. The successful application of therapeutic mAbs is based on their ability to precisely interact with their appropriate target sites. The precision of mAbs rely on the isolation techniques delivering pure, consistent, stable, and safe lots that can be used for analytical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications. During the creation of a biologic, the key quality features of a particular mAb, such as structure, post-translational modifications, and activities at the biomolecular and cellular levels, must be characterized and profiled in great detail. This implies the requirement of powerful state of the art analytical techniques for quality control and characterization of mAbs. Until now, various analytical techniques have been developed to characterize and quantify the mAbs according to the regulatory guidelines. The present review summarizes the major techniques used for the analyses of mAbs which include chromatographic, electrophoretic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods in addition to the modifications in these methods for improving the quality of mAbs. This compilation of major analytical techniques will help students and researchers to have an overview of the methodologies employed by the biopharmaceutical industry for structural characterization of mAbs for eventual release of therapeutics in the drug market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Puerta A, Garcia-Lopez D, Tejedor-Matellanes P, Gomez-Ruiz L, de la Cruz-Rodriguez R, de Frutos M. Capillary gel electrophoresis of very high molecular weight glycoproteins. Commercial and tailor-made gels for analysis of human monomeric and secretory immunoglobulin A. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463689. [PMID: 36528901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been widely used for analysis of proteins according to their size. However, to our knowledge, this technique has not been optimized to immunoglobulin A (IgA) analysis, a protein of current and emerging high interest in several fields. IgA is the first barrier of human body against pathogens. This protein in human milk and colostrum is essential for immune protection of newborns and treatment of milk for storage in Human Milk Banks may alter IgA. The emerging use of IgA as therapeutic treatment also encourages the development of analysis methods for this class of immunoglobulins. IgA is far more heterogeneously glycosylated and complex than the well-studied IgG molecules. IgA in serum is mainly monomeric (mIgA) with about 160 kDa, while in secretions such as saliva, milk, colostrum, etc, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the predominant form. This is a dimer where both monomers are linked by the J-chain and the secretory component accounting all together for a MW higher than 400 kDa including the glycans. This size is far from the 225 kDa MW for which commercial CGE kits are intended. The general rules governing CGE behavior of analytes cannot be directly applied to every protein. Addressing studies directed specifically to target proteins is specially needed for the large size and highly complex target analytes of this study. In this work the effect of several factors on CGE analysis of human serum and colostrum IgA is studied. The feasibility of performing analysis of both IgA classes using a commercial CGE kit is shown. In addition, this work introduces another novelty by preparing tailor-made reproducible gel buffers and to characterize them in terms of dynamic viscosity, conductivity, and electroosmotic flow mobility in bare fused silica capillaries. The possibility of analyzing mIgA and sIgA in less than 10 min using these tailor-made gels is demonstrated. Inter-day variation (RSD) for the main peak of sIgA is 0.25% for migration time (tm) and 0.27% for percentage corrected peak area (Acorr).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Puerta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Garcia-Lopez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Gomez-Ruiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes de Frutos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhimwal R, Rustandi RR, Payne A, Dawod M. Recent advances in capillary gel electrophoresis for the analysis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Native Fluorescence Detection for Analysis of Therapeutic Proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Sarkozy D, Guttman A. Capillary Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020067. [PMID: 35200449 PMCID: PMC8871118 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis has long been used for the analysis of proteins, mostly either with entangled polymer networks or translationally cross-linked gels. In this paper capillary agarose gel electrophoresis is introduced for the separation of low molecular weight immunoglobulin subunits. The light (LC~24 kDa) and heavy (HC~50 kDa) chain fragments of a monoclonal antibody therapeutic drug were used to optimize the sieving matrix composition of the agarose/Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) systems. The agarose and boric acid contents were systematically varied between 0.2–1.0% and 320–640 mM, respectively. The influence of several physical parameters such as viscosity and electroosmotic flow were also investigated, the latter to shed light on its effect on the electrokinetic injection bias. Three dimensional Ferguson plots were utilized to better understand the sieving performance of the various agarose/TBE ratio gels, especially relying on their slope (retardation coefficient, KR) value differences. The best resolution between the LC and non-glycosylated HC IgG subunits was obtained by utilizing the molecular sieving effect of the 1% agarose/320 mM boric acid composition (ΔKR = 0.035). On the other hand, the 0.8% agarose/640 mM boric acid gel showed the highest separation power between the similar molecular weight, but different surface charge density non-glycosylated HC and HC fragments (ΔKR = 0.005). It is important to note that the agarose-based gel-buffer systems did not require any capillary regeneration steps between runs other than simple replenishment of the sieving matrix, significantly speeding up analysis cycle time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sarkozy
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Andras Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Krt, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren T, Tan Z, Ehamparanathan V, Lewandowski A, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Antibody disulfide bond reduction and recovery during biopharmaceutical process development-A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2829-2844. [PMID: 33844277 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody disulfide bond reduction has been a challenging issue in monoclonal antibody manufacturing. It could lead to a decrease of product purity and failure to meet the targeted product profile and/or specifications. More importantly, disulfide bond reduction could also impact drug safety and efficacy. Scientists across the industry have been examining the root causes and developing mitigation strategies to address the challenge. In recent years, with the development of high titer mammalian cell culture processes to meet the rapidly growing demand for antibody biopharmaceuticals, disulfide bond reduction has been observed more frequently. Thus, it is necessary to continue evolving the disulfide reduction mitigation strategies and developing novel approaches to maintain high product quality. Additionally, in recent years as more complex molecules (such as bispecific and trispecific antibodies) emerge, the molecular heterogeneity due to incomplete formation of the interchain disulfide bonds becomes a more imperative challenging issue. Given the disulfide reduction challenges that biotech industry is facing, in this review, we provide a comprehensive scientific summary of the root cause analysis of disulfide reduction during process development of antibody therapeutics, mitigation strategies and its potential remediated recovery based on published papers. First, this paper intends to highlight different aspects of the root cause for disulfide reduction. Secondly, to provide a broader understanding of the disulfide bond reduction in downstream process, this paper discusses disulfide bond reduction impact on product stability, associated analytical methods for disulfide bond reduction detection and characterization, process control strategies as well as their manufacturing implementation. In addition, brief perspectives on the development of future mitigation strategies are also reviewed, including platform alignment, mitigation strategy application for the emerging new modalities such as bispecific and trispecific antibodies as well as using machine learning to identify molecule susceptibility of disulfide bond reduction. The data in this review are originated from the published papers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Ren
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Vivekh Ehamparanathan
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Lewandowski
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Park J, Barrett H, Dooley S, Davies C, Verhagen MF. Capillary Electrophoresis-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection as a Highly Sensitive and Quality Control-Friendly Method for Monitoring Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Protein Purity. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:628-637. [PMID: 33081515 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The capsid protein purity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) is considered a critical quality attribute of AAV-based gene therapy products. However, the analytical methods currently available to monitor the viral capsid proteins, which are present in extremely low concentrations, have limited sensitivity and robustness, thus limiting their general applicability. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop robust separation methods with highly sensitive detection. In this article, we describe the first denaturation and fluorescence labeling procedure for AAV capsid proteins using the pyrylium dye Chromeo™ P503, enabling the establishment of the first capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) method combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for AAV. Upon optimization using a quality-by-design approach, the newly developed method features a simple and robust one-step sample preparation workflow resulting in consistently labeled and denatured viral protein samples, which can subsequently be separated and quantified by CE-LIF. The method has been validated to be accurate and precise with a linear range of 50-150% of the nominal concentration of 2.0 × 1011 vector genomes per mL (vg/mL). The detection limit and quantitation limit were established to be 8.0 × 107 vg/mL (∼0.8 ng/mL) and 4.2 × 108 vg/mL (∼4 ng/mL), respectively, representing the highest sensitivity achieved for AAV capsid protein quantitation reported to date and a linear dynamic range of 8.0 × 107-3.0 × 1011 vg/mL. A comparison of the CE-SDS LIF method with existing methods, such as CE-SDS ultraviolet and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with SYPRO Ruby stain, indicated that the new method has superior resolution and a significant increase in signal intensity. Capsid protein purity analysis of multiple AAV serotypes, including AAV5, scAAVrh10, AAV2, and AAV6, has been demonstrated for the first time using the same method, indicating the newly developed AAV labeling procedure and CE-LIF analysis could serve as a Quality Control-friendly platform and best-in-class analytical method for the control of AAV capsid protein purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Zhang
- Sanofi Biologics Development, Bioanalytics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeehae Park
- Sanofi Biologics Development, Bioanalytics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah Barrett
- Sanofi Biologics Development, Bioanalytics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Dooley
- Sanofi Biologics Development, Bioanalytics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire Davies
- Sanofi Biologics Development, Bioanalytics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marc F Verhagen
- Sanofi Biologics Development, Bioanalytics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies by Capillary Electrophoresis: Sample Preparation, Separation, and Detection. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are dominating the biopharmaceutical field due to the fact of their high specificity in the treatment of diverse diseases. Nevertheless, mAbs are very complex glycoproteins exhibiting several macro- and microheterogeneities that may affect their safety, quality, and efficacy. This complexity is very challenging for mAbs development, formulation, and quality control. To tackle the quality issue, a combination of multiple analytical approaches is necessary. In this perspective, capillary electrophoresis has gained considerable interest over the last decade due to the fact of its complementary features to chromatographic approaches. This review provides an overview of the strategies of mAbs and derivatives analysis by capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to ultraviolet, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry detection. The main sample preparation approaches used for mAb analytical characterization (i.e., intact, middle-up/down, and bottom-up) are detailed. The different electrophoretic modes used as well as integrated analysis approaches (sample preparation and separation) are critically discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wiesner R, Scheller C, Krebs F, Wätzig H, Oltmann-Norden I. A comparative study of CE-SDS, SDS-PAGE, and Simple Western: Influences of sample preparation on molecular weight determination of proteins. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:206-218. [PMID: 33185281 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of capillary electrophoresis, especially CE-SDS devices, has led CE-SDS to become an established tool in a wide range of applications in the analysis of biopharmaceuticals and is increasingly replacing its method of origin, SDS-PAGE. The goal of this study was to evaluate the comparability of molecular weight (MW) determination especially by CE-SDS and SDS-PAGE. For ensuring comparability, model proteins that have little or no posttranslational modifications and an IgG antibody were used. Only a minor influence of sample preparation conditions, including sample buffer, temperature conditions, and different reducing agents on the MW determination were found. In contrast, the selection of the MW marker plays a decisive role in determining the accurate apparent MW of a protein. When using different MW markers, the deviation in MW determination can exceed 10%. Interestingly, CE-SDS and 10% SDS-PAGE hardly differ in their trueness of MW determination. The trueness in relation to the reference MW for each protein was calculated. Although the trueness values for the model proteins considered range between 1.00 and 1.11 using CE-SDS, they range between 0.93 and 1.03 on SDS-PAGE, depending on the experimental conditions chosen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wiesner
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christin Scheller
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Finja Krebs
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Imke Oltmann-Norden
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Fei M, Tian Y, Li S, Zhu X, Wang L, Xu Y, Xie MH. Characterization and elimination of artificial non-covalent light Chain dimers in reduced CE-SDS analysis of pertuzumab. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
12
|
Geurink L, van Tricht E, Dudink J, Pajic B, Sänger-van de Griend CE. Four-step approach to efficiently develop capillary gel electrophoresis methods for viral vaccine protein analysis. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:10-18. [PMID: 32640046 PMCID: PMC7361255 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines against infectious diseases are urgently needed. Therefore, modern analytical method development should be as efficient as possible to speed up vaccine development. The objectives of the study were to identify critical method parameters (CMPs) and to establish a set of steps to efficiently develop and validate a CE‐SDS method for vaccine protein analysis based on a commercially available gel buffer. The CMPs were obtained from reviewing the literature and testing the effects of gel buffer dilution. A four‐step approach, including two multivariate DoE (design of experiments) steps, was proposed, based on CMPs and was verified by CE‐SDS method development for: (i) the determination of influenza group 1 mini‐hemagglutinin glycoprotein; and (ii) the determination of polio virus particle proteins from an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The CMPs for sample preparation were incubation temperature(s) and time(s), pH, and reagent(s) concentration(s), and the detection wavelength. The effects of gel buffer dilution revealed the CMPs for CE‐SDS separation to be the effective length, the gel buffer concentration, and the capillary temperature. The four‐step approach based on the CMPs was efficient for the development of the two CE methods. A four‐step approach to efficiently develop capillary gel electrophoresis methods for viral vaccine protein analysis was successfully established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Geurink
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Justin Dudink
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bojana Pajic
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cari E Sänger-van de Griend
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Kantisto BV, Baarn, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sänger–van de Griend CE. CE‐SDS method development, validation, and best practice—An overview. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2361-2374. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cari E. Sänger–van de Griend
- Kantisto BV Baarn The Netherlands
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Assessment of CE-based baseline disturbances using simulation and targeted experimental evaluation—impact on the purity determination of therapeutic proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2425-2437. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Scarcelli JJ, Hone M, Beal K, Ortega A, Figueroa B, Starkey JA, Anderson K. Analytical subcloning of a clonal cell line demonstrates cellular heterogeneity that does not impact process consistency or robustness. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:602-612. [PMID: 29693321 PMCID: PMC6099511 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During development of a cell line intended to support production of an IgG2 monoclonal antibody, a sequence variant caused by a genetic mutation was identified in the bulk drug substance. Gene copy number analysis together with the level of the observed variant in genomic DNA indicated that the master cell bank was a mixed population of cells; some harboring the variant copy and some mutation free. Since the cell bank had been single‐cell cloned, this variant could be used as a biomarker to demonstrate either that the bank was not derived from a single cell, or that the variant was a result of a post‐cloning genetic event, leading to a mixed population of cells. The sequence variant was only present in a small percentage of subclones, confirming the hypothesis that the cell bank was indeed a mixed population. Interrogation of subclones via Southern blot analysis revealed that almost all subclones had very similar transgene integrant structures, suggesting that the cell bank was likely derived from a single cell, and the cellular event that yielded the sequence variant was a post‐cloning event. Further, there were likely several other post‐cloning events that impacted transgene loci, leading to a population of related, yet genetically distinct cells comprising the cell bank. Despite this, the heterogeneous bank performed consistently in a bioprocess across generational age with comparable product quality. These results experimentally demonstrate the heterogeneity of a cell bank derived from a single cell, and its relationship to process consistency. © 2018 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:602–612, 2018
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Megan Hone
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Kathryn Beal
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Alejaida Ortega
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Bruno Figueroa
- Culture Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Jason A Starkey
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Chesterfield, MO, 63017
| | - Karin Anderson
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA, 01810
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Characterization of product-related low molecular weight impurities in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 154:468-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Turner A, Yandrofski K, Telikepalli S, King J, Heckert A, Filliben J, Ripple D, Schiel JE. Development of orthogonal NISTmAb size heterogeneity control methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2095-2110. [PMID: 29428991 PMCID: PMC5830496 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The NISTmAb is a monoclonal antibody Reference Material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology; it is a class-representative IgG1κ intended to serve as a pre-competitive platform for harmonization and technology development in the biopharmaceutical industry. The publication series of which this paper is a part describes NIST's overall control strategy to ensure NISTmAb quality and availability over its lifecycle. In this paper, the development of a control strategy for monitoring NISTmAb size heterogeneity is described. Optimization and qualification of size heterogeneity measurement spanning a broad size range are described, including capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and flow imaging analysis. This paper is intended to provide relevant details of NIST's size heterogeneity control strategy to facilitate implementation of the NISTmAb as a test molecule in the end user's laboratory. Graphical abstract Representative size exclusion chromatogram of the NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb). The NISTmAb is a publicly available research tool intended to facilitate advancement of biopharmaceutical analytics. HMW = high molecular weight (trimer and dimer), LMW = low molecular weight (2 fragment peaks). Peak labeled buffer is void volume of the column from L-histidine background buffer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Chromatography, Gel/methods
- Chromatography, Gel/standards
- Dynamic Light Scattering/methods
- Dynamic Light Scattering/standards
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/standards
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
- Limit of Detection
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Aggregates
- Quality Control
- Reference Standards
- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Turner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- MedImmune, LLC, 55 Watkins Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Katharina Yandrofski
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Srivalli Telikepalli
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jason King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Alan Heckert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - James Filliben
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Dean Ripple
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - John E Schiel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shala-Lawrence A, Beheshti S, Newman E, Tang M, Krylova SM, Leach M, Carpick B, Krylov SN. High-precision quantitation of a tuberculosis vaccine antigen with capillary-gel electrophoresis using an injection standard. Talanta 2017; 175:273-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Application of nanocomposite polymer hydrogels for ultra-sensitive fluorescence detection of proteins in gel electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
20
|
Scarcelli JJ, Shang TQ, Iskra T, Allen MJ, Zhang L. Strategic deployment of CHO expression platforms to deliver Pfizer's Monoclonal Antibody Portfolio. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1463-1467. [PMID: 28480558 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Development of stable cell lines for expression of large-molecule therapeutics represents a significant portion of the time and effort required to advance a molecule to enabling regulatory toxicology studies and clinical evaluation. Our development strategy employs two different approaches for cell line development based on the needs of a particular project: a random integration approach for projects where high-level expression is critical, and a site-specific integration approach for projects in which speed and reduced employee time spend is a necessity. Here we describe both our random integration and site-specific integration platforms and their applications in support of monoclonal antibody development and production. We also compare product quality attributes of monoclonal antibodies produced with a nonclonal cell pool or clonal cell lines derived from the two platforms. Our data suggests that material source (pools vs. clones) does not significantly alter the examined product quality attributes. Our current practice is to leverage this observation with our site-specific integration platform, where material generated from cell pools is used for an early molecular assessment of a given candidate to make informed decisions around development strategy. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1463-1467, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Tanya Q Shang
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Tim Iskra
- Purification Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, 01810
| | - Martin J Allen
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, 63017
| | - Lin Zhang
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, 01810
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kubota K, Kobayashi N, Yabuta M, Ohara M, Naito T, Kubo T, Otsuka K. Identification and characterization of a thermally cleaved fragment of monoclonal antibody-A detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Smith MT, Zhang S, Adams T, DiPaolo B, Dally J. Establishment and validation of a microfluidic capillary gel electrophoresis platform method for purity analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1353-1365. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Smith
- Biopharmaceutical Analytical Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline LLC; King of Prussia PA USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Statistical Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline LLC; King of Prussia PA USA
| | - Troy Adams
- Biopharmaceutical Analytical Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline LLC; King of Prussia PA USA
| | - Byron DiPaolo
- Biopharmaceutical Analytical Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline LLC; King of Prussia PA USA
| | - Jennifer Dally
- Biopharmaceutical Analytical Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline LLC; King of Prussia PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang CX, Meagher MM. Sample Stacking Provides Three Orders of Magnitude Sensitivity Enhancement in SDS Capillary Gel Electrophoresis of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3285-3292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Therapeutics
Production and Quality, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Michael M. Meagher
- Department of Therapeutics
Production and Quality, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Implementation of USP antibody standard for system suitability in capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) for release and stability methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:447-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Voitechovič E, Korepanov A, Kirsanov D, Jahatspanian I, Legin A. Bio-assisted potentiometric multisensor system for purity evaluation of recombinant protein A. Talanta 2016; 156-157:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
26
|
Cutting-edge capillary electrophoresis characterization of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:61-78. [PMID: 27265157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Out of all categories, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), biosimilar, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and Fc-fusion proteins attract the most interest due to their strong therapeutic potency and specificity. Because of their intrinsic complexity due to a large number of micro-heterogeneities, there is a crucial need of analytical methods to provide comprehensive in-depth characterization of these molecules. CE presents some obvious benefits as high resolution separation and miniaturized format to be widely applied to the analysis of biopharmaceuticals. CE is an effective method for the separation of proteins at different levels. capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have been particularly relevant for the characterization of size and charge variants of intact and reduced mAbs, while CE-MS appears to be a promising analytical tool to assess the primary structure of mAbs and related products. This review will be dedicated to detail the current and state-of-the-art CE-based methods for the characterization of mAbs and related products.
Collapse
|
27
|
Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis (2013-2015). Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1591-608. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
28
|
Cai H, Song Y, Zhang J, Shi T, Fu Y, Li R, Mussa N, Li ZJ. Optimization of microchip-based electrophoresis for monoclonal antibody product quality analysis revealed needs for extra surfactants during denaturation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
29
|
New capillary gel electrophoresis method for fast and accurate identification and quantification of multiple viral proteins in influenza vaccines. Talanta 2015; 144:1030-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Deeb SE, Wätzig H, El-Hady DA, Albishri HM, de Griend CSV, Scriba GKE. Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:170-89. [PMID: 24395663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction about 30 years ago, CE techniques have gained a significant impact in pharmaceutical analysis. The present review covers recent advances and applications of CE for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Both small molecules and biomolecules such as proteins are considered. The applications range from the determination of drug-related substances to the analysis of counterions and the determination of physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, general considerations of CE methods in pharmaceutical analysis are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Drug Analysis and Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University - Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Flores-Ortiz LF, Campos-García VR, Perdomo-Abúndez FC, Pérez NO, Medina-Rivero E. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RITUXIMAB. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.794738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Néstor O. Pérez
- a Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo , Tenancingo , Estado de México , México
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Investigation of monoclonal antibody fragmentation artifacts in non-reducing SDS-PAGE. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 83:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
33
|
Espinosa-de la Garza CE, Perdomo-Abúndez FC, Campos-García VR, Pérez NO, Flores-Ortiz LF, Medina-Rivero E. Capillary gel electrophoresis for the quantification and purity determination of recombinant proteins in inclusion bodies. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2754-9. [PMID: 23857606 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a high-resolution CGE method for quantification and purity determination of recombinant proteins was developed, involving a single-component inclusion bodies (IBs) solubilization solution. Different recombinant proteins expressed as IBs were used to show method capabilities, using recombinant interferon-β 1b as the model protein for method validation. Method linearity was verified in the range from 0.05 to 0.40 mg/mL and a determination coefficient (r(2) ) of 0.99 was obtained. The LOQs and LODs were 0.018 and 0.006 mg/mL, respectively. RSD for protein content repeatability test was 2.29%. In addition, RSD for protein purity repeatability test was 4.24%. Method accuracy was higher than 90%. Specificity was confirmed, as the method was able to separate recombinant interferon-β 1b monomer from other aggregates and impurities. Sample content and purity was demonstrated to be stable for up to 48 h. Overall, this method is suitable for the analysis of recombinant proteins in IBs according to the attributes established on the International Conference for Harmonization guidelines.
Collapse
|
34
|
Deeb SE, Wätzig H, El-Hady DA. Capillary electrophoresis to investigate biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceutically-relevant binding properties. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
Espinosa-de la Garza CE, Perdomo-Abúndez FC, Padilla-Calderón J, Uribe-Wiechers JM, Pérez NO, Flores-Ortiz LF, Medina-Rivero E. Analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1133-40. [PMID: 23417502 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Analytical platforms that characterize charge heterogeneity in therapeutic proteins, such as mAbs, are important tools that can be used to define quality attributes. CZE separates protein moieties close to their native state and is a valuable physicochemical analytical method that can be used in parallel with other orthogonal methods for characterization and comparability. In this study, custom conditions for the analysis of charge heterogeneity of two mAbs were developed with regard to critical parameters in the BGE, running conditions, and sample treatment. The method application was tested for up to four mAbs and one mAb fragment. The electropherograms showed specific profiles and contrasting levels of basic and acidic isoforms with respect to the main isoform. Issues that surround this method, such as peak tailing and capillary lifetime, are summarized. Using this method, the identities of rituximab and trastuzumab were confirmed, based on the correspondence between the biosimilars and reference products, noninterference of the sample matrix, and the ability to separate spiked samples of related mAbs. The RSD of the isoform content and migration time for the method repeatability were less than 2 and 1%, respectively.
Collapse
|
36
|
Fekete S, Gassner AL, Rudaz S, Schappler J, Guillarme D. Analytical strategies for the characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Rustandi RR, Loughney JW, Hamm M, Hamm C, Lancaster C, Mach A, Ha S. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Simon™, a new CE-based automated Western blot system as applied to vaccine development. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2790-7. [PMID: 22965727 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many CE-based technologies such as imaged capillary IEF, CE-SDS, CZE, and MEKC are well established for analyzing proteins, viruses, or other biomolecules such as polysaccharides. For example, imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (charge-based protein separation) and CE-SDS (size-based protein separation) are standard replacement methods in biopharmaceutical industries for tedious and labor intensive IEF and SDS-PAGE methods, respectively. Another important analytical tool for protein characterization is a Western blot, where after size-based separation in SDS-PAGE the proteins are transferred to a membrane and blotted with specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Western blotting analysis is applied in many areas such as biomarker research, therapeutic target identification, and vaccine development. Currently, the procedure is very manual, laborious, and time consuming. Here, we evaluate a new technology called Simple Western™ (or Simon™) for performing automated Western analysis. This new technology is based on CE-SDS where the separated proteins are attached to the wall of capillary by a proprietary photo activated chemical crosslink. Subsequent blotting is done automatically by incubating and washing the capillary with primary and secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and detected with chemiluminescence. Typically, Western blots are not quantitative, hence we also evaluated the quantitative aspect of this new technology. We demonstrate that Simon™ can quantitate specific components in one of our vaccine candidates and it provides good reproducibility and intermediate precision with CV <10%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Rustandi
- Vaccine Analytical Development, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
High-throughput analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic monoclonal antibodies by multicapillary SDS gel electrophoresis in conjunction with covalent fluorescent labeling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1485-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
39
|
Zhu Z, Lu JJ, Liu S. Protein separation by capillary gel electrophoresis: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 709:21-31. [PMID: 22122927 PMCID: PMC3227876 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been used for protein separation for more than two decades. Due to the technology advancement, current CGE methods are becoming more and more robust and reliable for protein analysis, and some of the methods have been routinely used for the analysis of protein-based pharmaceuticals and quality controls. In light of this progress, we survey 147 papers related to CGE separations of proteins and present an overview of this technology. We first introduce briefly the early development of CGE. We then review the methodology, in which we specifically describe the matrices, coatings, and detection strategies used in CGE. CGE using microfabricated channels and incorporation of CGE with two-dimensional protein separations are also discussed in this section. We finally present a few representative applications of CGE for separating proteins in real-world samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaifang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Joann J. Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kašička V. Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009-2011). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:48-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
41
|
Intact protein analysis in the biopharmaceutical field. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:810-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
42
|
Sin MLY, Gao J, Liao JC, Wong PK. System Integration - A Major Step toward Lab on a Chip. J Biol Eng 2011; 5:6. [PMID: 21612614 PMCID: PMC3117764 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics holds great promise to revolutionize various areas of biological engineering, such as single cell analysis, environmental monitoring, regenerative medicine, and point-of-care diagnostics. Despite the fact that intensive efforts have been devoted into the field in the past decades, microfluidics has not yet been adopted widely. It is increasingly realized that an effective system integration strategy that is low cost and broadly applicable to various biological engineering situations is required to fully realize the potential of microfluidics. In this article, we review several promising system integration approaches for microfluidics and discuss their advantages, limitations, and applications. Future advancements of these microfluidic strategies will lead toward translational lab-on-a-chip systems for a wide spectrum of biological engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy LY Sin
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, S-287, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang J, Burman S, Gunturi S, Foley JP. Method development and validation of capillary sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis for the characterization of a monoclonal antibody. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1236-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|