Denaturing capillary electrophoresis for automated detection of L858R mutation in exon 21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in prediction of the outcome of lung cancer therapy

Intelligent Genetic Decoding System Based on Nucleic Acid Isothermal Amplification for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths around the world. Targeting the sensitized epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) caused by gene mutation through the tyrosine kinase inhibitor is an effective therapeutic strategy for NSCLC. Hence, the individualized therapeutic strategy has highlighted the demand for a simple, fast, and intelligent strategy for the genetic decoding of EGFR to cater to the popularization of precision medicine. In this research, a one-pot assay for EGFR identification is established by combining a loop-mediated isothermal amplification and amplification refractory mutation system. By optimizing the component and condition of the nucleic acid amplification system, a sensitive and specific distinguishability is achieved for tracing target variant (60 copies, 0.1%) identification under a strong interferential background within 40 min. Moreover, complex operation and time-consuming data processing, as well as the aerosol contamination, are avoided owing to the whole process for intelligent genetic decoding being performed in a sealed tube. As a demonstration, L858R, the primary point mutation for the sensitization of EGFR, has been accurately decoded using this assay with highly heterogeneous cancerous tissue. In addition, this method can be easily extended for other genetic information decoding using a tailor-made primer set. Thus, we propose that this straightforward strategy may serve as a promising tool for NSCLC diagnosis in clinical practice.

Application of denaturing capillary electrophoresis for the detection of prognostic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 genes in brain tumors

Malignant transformation in gliomas is frequently supplemented by somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 genes. It has recently emerged that mutations in these genes are associated with prolonged survival and should be used as prognostic factor in management of brain cancer patients. There are several approaches in use for the detection of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations; however, these often exhibit shortcomings such as convoluted protocols with long processing time, complex (and costly) dedicated fluorescent probes, and/or demand on amounts of input DNA. Therefore, a simple and rapid method would be highly desired. Here, we present development and validation of simple and reliable isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutation detection assay using denaturing capillary electrophoresis. The detection sensitivity in terms of the limiting mutated allele fraction detectable estimated from a series of dilution runs was 2.9%. The method was validated by comparing to results obtained by a widely accepted detection technique, the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, on a set of 85 brain tumors. The concordance of both methods was 100%, but denaturing capillary electrophoresis assay required fivefold lower input of DNA (1 versus 5 μL of DNA at concentrations typically between 10 and 30 ng/μL).

A novel microfluidic device that integrates nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection to identify an EGFR mutation in lung cancer tissues

A novel microfluidic to detect a EGFR mutation in 40 min in an easy way for personalized medicine.

Capillary electrophoresis based on the nucleic acid detection in the application of cancer diagnosis and therapy

This review focuses on capillary electrophoresis-based nucleic acid detection as it is applied to cancer diagnosis and therapy, and provides an introduction to the drawbacks and future developments of analysis with CE.

Mutation-based detection and monitoring of cell-free tumor DNA in peripheral blood of cancer patients

Prognosis of solid cancers is generally more favorable if the disease is treated early and efficiently. A key to long cancer survival is in radical surgical therapy directed at the primary tumor followed by early detection of possible progression, with swift application of subsequent therapeutic intervention reducing the risk of disease generalization. The conventional follow-up care is based on regular observation of tumor markers in combination with computed tomography/endoscopic ultrasound/magnetic resonance/positron emission tomography imaging to monitor potential tumor progression. A recent development in methodologies allowing screening for a presence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) brings a new viable tool in early detection and management of major cancers. It is believed that cfDNA is released from tumors primarily due to necrotization, whereas the origin of nontumorous cfDNA is mostly apoptotic. The process of cfDNA detection starts with proper collection and treatment of blood and isolation and storage of blood plasma. The next important steps include cfDNA extraction from plasma and its detection and/or quantification. To distinguish tumor cfDNA from nontumorous cfDNA, specific somatic DNA mutations, previously localized in the primary tumor tissue, are identified in the extracted cfDNA. Apart from conventional mutation detection approaches, several dedicated techniques have been presented to detect low levels of cfDNA in an excess of nontumorous (nonmutated) DNA, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), "BEAMing" (beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics), and denaturing capillary electrophoresis. Techniques to facilitate the mutant detection, such as mutant-enriched PCR and COLD-PCR (coamplification at lower denaturation temperature PCR), are also applicable. Finally, a number of newly developed miniaturized approaches, such as single-molecule sequencing, are promising for the future.