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Hu D, Gao J, Yang X, Liang Y. Chinese Pharmacopoeia Revisited: A Review of Anti-Depression Herbal Sources. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211059312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression, which can be accompanied by many fatal diseases and a low life quality, has become the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. However, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the most authoritative and evidence-based encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), could contain leads and insights into the development of new antidepressant drugs. In this work, nine herbal medicines with ‘dispel melancholy functions’ specifically documented in Chinese Pharmacopoeia have been comprehensively reviewed with respect to clinical trials, and phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. The nine drugs are Rosae Chinensis Flos, Croci Stigma, Albiziae Cortex and Flos, Roase Rugosae Flos, Curcumae Radix, Hyperici Perforati Herba, Cyperi Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix. The mechanisms of action of their functional antidepressant compounds, including gallic acid, hypericin, kaempferol, crocetin, crocin, quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, curcumin, hyperforin, adhyperforin, catechin, rutin, puerarin, and saikosaponins A and D, have been collected and discussed. These traditional Chinese herbs and their active compounds provide a promising resource to develop effective new antidepressant drugs in future. Moreover, mechanistic investigations, safety verification and large-scale clinical trials are still expected to finally transform such TCM-based antidepressant resources to new drugs for patients suffering from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Liu Q, Xue Y, Liu J, Ren S, Xu J, Yang J, Xing Y, Zhang Z, Song R. Saikosaponins and the deglycosylated metabolites exert liver meridian guiding effect through PXR/CYP3A4 inhibition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114344. [PMID: 34147617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Bupleuri (RB), traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders and infectious diseases, represents one of the most successful and widely used herbal drugs in Asia over the past 2000 years. Being realized the role in regulating metabolism and controlling Yin/Yang, RB is not only chosen specifically for treating liver meridian and the corresponding organs, but also believed to have liver meridian guiding property and help potentiate the therapeutic effects of liver. However, the ingredients in RB with liver meridian guiding property and the underly mechanism have not been comprehensively investigated. AIM OF STUDY Considering the important role of CYP3A4 in first-pass metabolism and the liver exposure of drugs, the present study aimed to determine whether saikosaponins (SSs) and the corresponding saikogenins (SGs) have a role in inhibiting the catalytic activity of CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes and HepG2 hepatoma cells and whether they could suppress CYP3A4 expression by PXR-mediated pathways in HepG2 hepatoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of SSs and SGs on CYP3A4-mediated midazolam1'-hydroxylation activities in pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) was first studied. Dose-dependent experiments were performed to obtain the half inhibit concentration (IC50) values. HepG2 cells were used to assay catalytic activity of CYP3A4, reporter function, mRNA levels, and protein expression. The inhibitory effects of SSa and SSd on CYP3A4 activity are negligible, while the corresponding SGs (SGF and SGG) have obvious inhibitory effects on CYP3A4 activity, with IC50 values of 0.45 and 1.30 μM. The similar results were obtained from testing CYP3A4 catalytic activity in HepG2 cells, which correlated well with the suppression of the mRNA and protein levels of CYP3A4. Time-dependent testing of CYP3A4 mRNA and protein levels, as well as co-transfection experiments using the CYP3A4 promoter luciferase plasmid, further confirmed that SSs and SGs could inhibit the expression of CYP3A4 at the transcription level. Furthermore, PXR protein expression decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after cells were exposed to SSs and SGs. PXR overexpression and RNA interference experiments further showed that SSs and SGs down-regulate the catalytic activity and expression of CYP3A4 in HepG2 may be mainly through PXR-dependent manner. CONCLUSION SSs and SGs inhibit the catalytic activity and expression of CYP3A4 in a PXR-dependent manner, which may be highly related to the liver meridian guiding property of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yunwen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Siqi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinni Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanyue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Educational, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Yen FL, Wang SW, Cheng HL, Chen KL, Chen YL. Determination of Saikosaponins in Bupleuri Radix by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with Experimental Design. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1392548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Cheng
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Optimization Technology Division, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medical, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of eight saikosaponins in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in depression rats after oral administration of extracts of raw and vinegar-baked Bupleuri Radix. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lei T, Chen S, Wang K, Zhang D, Dong L, Lv C, Wang J, Lu J. Characterization and discrimination of raw and vinegar-baked Bupleuri radix based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Lei
- Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Chongning Lv
- Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Jincai Lu
- Department of Medicinal Plant, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
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Kwon HJ, Hwang J, Lee J, Chae SK, Lee JH, Kim JH, Hwang KS, Kim EC, Park YD. ANALYSIS AND INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL STABILITY ON PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN ZANTHOXYLUM SCHINIFOLIUM-CONTAINING DENTIFRICES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.807463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kwon
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Hwang
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Junghaeng Lee
- b Department of Prosthodontics , School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdamun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyun Chae
- c Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwan Lee
- c Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kim
- d Department of Dental Laboratory Science & Engineering , College of Health Science, Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Hwang
- e Department of Dental Technology , Shinheung University , Uijeongbu , Kyunggido , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- f Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration , School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdamun-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Duk Park
- a Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Hoegi-dong Dongdaemoon-gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Chen X, Yu T, Chen Z, Zhao R, Mao S. Effect of saikosaponins and extracts of vinegar-baked Bupleuri Radix on the activity of β-glucuronidase. Xenobiotica 2014; 44:785-91. [PMID: 24641105 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.898809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In Traditional Chinese Medicine, liver targeting is usually achieved by coadministration with Vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB), but the mechanism is unclear. In this paper, the influence of VBRB on the activity of β-glucuronidase was investigated and compared with that of saikosaponins. The activity of β-glucuronidase was measured by microplate reader using a 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide substrate. The change of 4-nitrophenol content was used to characterize the activity of β-glucuronidase. Bupleurum chinenes were found to be the inhibitor of β-glucuronidase. The inhibition rate of Bupleurum chinenes extracts BC1 (high molecular weight polysaccharides), BC2 (ethanol soluble/water insoluble component), BC3 (extracted by n-butanol, soluble in water), and BC4 (low molecular weight water soluble parts) on the activity of β-glucuronidase was found to be 45.15%, 33.94%, 24.94%, and 34.54%, respectively, after 1 h incubation, with BC1 showing the highest inhibition rate. In contrast, the saikosaponins were demonstrated to be the promoter of β-glucuronidase, with promotion rates of 333.56%, 217.04%, 247.87%, 149.75%, and 92.50% for saikosaponin standard samples A, B, B2, C, and D, respectively, (p<0.05). In conclusion, inhibiting the activity of β-glucuronidase might be one of the reasons why VBRB could influence drug distribution upon its coadministration with other drugs. Since saikosaponins and VBRB extracts have opposite effect, more attention should be paid to the content of saikosaponins in the extracts upon its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China and
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Astragaloside content in the periderm, cortex, and xylem of Astragalus membranaceus root. J Nat Med 2013; 67:850-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Determination of astragalin and astragaloside content in Radix Astragali using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1232:212-7. [PMID: 22209546 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Astragalin and astragalosides were measured in Radix Astragali using reversed-phase chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection. Because the target compounds showed poor stability in aqueous solutions, they were extracted in 100% methanol under reflux. All compounds were detected with high sensitivity under highly alkaline conditions using sodium hydroxide as a post-column eluent. The limits of detection and quantification of target compounds were 0.02-0.36 μg/mL and 0.06-1.09 μg/mL, respectively, and the linear regression coefficients were 0.9982-1.0000. The intra- and inter-day precisions were <0.92% in retention time and <4.78% in calculated contents. Average recoveries were >91.33%. Astragalin and astragaloside contents between Radix Astragali at different ages and in different parts were successfully determined without sample purification or concentration.
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