1
|
Ruan T, Li P, Wang H, Li T, Jiang G. Identification and Prioritization of Environmental Organic Pollutants: From an Analytical and Toxicological Perspective. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10584-10640. [PMID: 37531601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental organic pollutants has triggered significant ecological impacts and adverse health outcomes, which have been received substantial and increasing attention. The contribution of unidentified chemical components is considered as the most significant knowledge gap in understanding the combined effects of pollutant mixtures. To address this issue, remarkable analytical breakthroughs have recently been made. In this review, the basic principles on recognition of environmental organic pollutants are overviewed. Complementary analytical methodologies (i.e., quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction, mass spectrometric nontarget screening, and effect-directed analysis) and experimental platforms are briefly described. The stages of technique development and/or essential parts of the analytical workflow for each of the methodologies are then reviewed. Finally, plausible technique paths and applications of the future nontarget screening methods, interdisciplinary techniques for achieving toxicant identification, and burgeoning strategies on risk assessment of chemical cocktails are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Otis J, Hofmann J, Schmidt T, Buttersack C, Gläser R. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with methanol-water eluent on a zeolite. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341323. [PMID: 37257962 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) works with organic solvent-water mixtures as eluent and is based on the formation of a water enriched liquid phase on the surface of a hydrophilic stationary phase. Hydrophilic solutes are retained on that stagnant water-rich film depending on the difference of solvation compared to the mobile phase composition. However, the enhancement of selectivity by increasing the fraction of organic cosolvent is coupled with a limitation the analyte solubility, and the improvement of the HILIC principle by new hydrophilic stationary phases is the remaining option. RESULTS Y-zeolite (faujasite, FAU type) in the Na+-form with an average particle diameter of 5 μm was used as packing material in a 125 mm long HPLC column. The chromatographic response of the column was tested in methanol-water mixtures as eluent after injection of several aliphatic alcohols, polyols and monosaccharides with eluent conditions where no separation occurs on diol functionalized silica. On the zeolite the retention time increases according to ethylene glycol < glycerol < erythritol < sorbitol < inositol. The separation principle is explained to be superposed by two effects: firstly, a partition equilibrium between the water-rich phase in the zeolite micropores exists, and secondly, selective interactions with the inner crystalline pore surface and fixed-position Na+ ions, both serving to enhance the selectivity. Furthermore, arabinose and fructose monosaccharides could be separated into their tautomeric forms. Only upon increasing the temperature from 20 to 60 °C the tautomeric pattern merges into a single peak. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Instead of the stagnant water rich surface layer, zeolite micropores now take over that function. As a result, the selectivity among polyols and between α/β-arabinopyranose and β-fructopyranose/β-fructofuranose tautomers is extraordinary superior towards conventional hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Otis
- University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e.V, Permoser Str. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- VDS Optilab Chromatographie Technik GmbH, Wiesenweg 11a, 10365, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Buttersack
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The deleterious consequences of snake envenomation are due to the extreme protein complexity of snake venoms. Therefore, the identification of their components is crucial for understanding the clinical manifestations of envenomation pathophysiology and for the development of effective antivenoms. In addition, snake venoms are considered as libraries of bioactive molecules that can be used to develop innovative drugs. Numerous separation and analytical techniques are combined to study snake venom composition including chromatographic techniques such as size exclusion and RP-HPLC and electrophoretic techniques. Herein, we present in detail these existing techniques and their applications in snake venom research. In the first part, we discuss the different possible technical combinations that could be used to isolate and purify SV proteins using what is known as bioassay-guided fractionation. In the second part, we describe four different proteomic strategies that could be applied for venomics studies to evaluate whole venom composition, including the mostly used technique: RP-HPLC. Eventually, we show that to date, there is no standard technique used for the separation of all snake venoms. Thus, different combinations might be developed, taking into consideration the main objective of the study, the available resources, and the properties of the target molecules to be isolated.
Collapse
|
4
|
Poole CF. Applications of the solvation parameter model in thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Selection of calibration compounds for selectivity evaluation of siloxane-bonded silica columns for reversed-phase liquid chromatography by the solvation parameter model. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
6
|
Latosinska A, Siwy J, Mischak H, Frantzi M. Peptidomics and proteomics based on CE‐MS as a robust tool in clinical application: The past, the present, and the future. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2294-2308. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
7
|
System Maps for the Retention of Neutral Compounds on an Electrostatic-Shielded Reversed-Phase Column. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kazakevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Mathias Kant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bults P, Spanov B, Olaleye O, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Intact protein bioanalysis by liquid chromatography – High-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1110-1111:155-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
10
|
Brusotti G, Calleri E, Colombo R, Massolini G, Rinaldi F, Temporini C. Advances on Size Exclusion Chromatography and Applications on the Analysis of Protein Biopharmaceuticals and Protein Aggregates: A Mini Review. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
11
|
Tholey A, Becker A. Top-down proteomics for the analysis of proteolytic events - Methods, applications and perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2191-2199. [PMID: 28711385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry based proteomics is an indispensable tool for almost all research areas relevant for the understanding of proteolytic processing, ranging from the identification of substrates, products and cleavage sites up to the analysis of structural features influencing protease activity. The majority of methods for these studies are based on bottom-up proteomics performing analysis at peptide level. As this approach is characterized by a number of pitfalls, e.g. loss of molecular information, there is an ongoing effort to establish top-down proteomics, performing separation and MS analysis both at intact protein level. We briefly introduce major approaches of bottom-up proteomics used in the field of protease research and highlight the shortcomings of these methods. We then discuss the present state-of-the-art of top-down proteomics. Together with the discussion of known challenges we show the potential of this approach and present a number of successful applications of top-down proteomics in protease research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alexander Becker
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alhendal A, Mengis S, Matthews J, Malik A. Nonhydrolytic sol-gel approach to facile creation of surface-bonded zirconia organic-inorganic hybrid coatings for sample preparation. Ι. Capillary microextraction of catecholamine neurotransmitters. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1468:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Stationary phase modulation in liquid chromatography through the serial coupling of columns: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 923:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Emami S, Jouyban A, Valizadeh H, Shayanfar A. Are Crystallinity Parameters Critical for Drug Solubility Prediction? J SOLUTION CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-015-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Stoeckel D, Wallacher D, Zickler GA, Thommes M, Smarsly BM. Elucidating the Sorption Mechanism of Dibromomethane in Disordered Mesoporous Silica Adsorbents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6332-6342. [PMID: 25989514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of dibromomethane (DBM) sorption in mesoporous silica was investigated by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Six different samples of commercial porous silica particles used for liquid chromatography were studied, featuring a disordered mesoporous structure, with some of the samples being functionalized with alkyl chains. SAXS curves were recorded at room temperature at various relative pressures P/P0 during adsorption of DBM. The in situ SAXS experiment is based on contrast matching between silica and condensed DBM with regard to X-ray scattering. One alkyl-modified silica sample was evaluated in detail by extraction of the chord-length distribution (CLD) from SAXS data obtained for several P/P0. On the basis of this analytical approach and by comparison with ex situ obtained data of nitrogen and DBM adsorption, the mechanism of DBM uptake was studied. Results of average mesopore sizes obtained with the CLD method were compared with pore size analysis using nitrogen physisorption (77 K) with advanced state-of-the-art nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) evaluation. The dual SAXS/physisorption study indicates that microporosity is negligible in all silica samples and that surface functionalization with a hydrophobic ligand has a major influence upon the process of DBM adsorption. Also, all of the mesopores are accessible as evidenced by in situ SAXS. The data suggest that no multilayer adsorption occurs on C18-(octadecyl-)modified silica surfaces using DBM as adsorptive, and it is possibly also negligible on bare silica surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Stoeckel
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wallacher
- ‡Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald A Zickler
- §Institute of Mechanics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Matthias Thommes
- ∥Quantachrome Instruments, 1900 Corporate Drive, Boynton Beach, Florida 33426, United States
| | - Bernd M Smarsly
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Min Y, Jiang B, Wu C, Xia S, Zhang X, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. 1.9μm superficially porous packing material with radially oriented pores and tailored pore size for ultra-fast separation of small molecules and biomolecules. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1356:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Borges EM, Rostagno MA, Meireles MAA. Sub-2 μm fully porous and partially porous (core–shell) stationary phases for reversed phase liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for increased throughput and superior performance has increased the demand for stationary phases with improved kinetic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endler M. Borges
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC)
- Núcleo Biotecnológico. Rua Paese
- Videira-SC, Brasil
| | - Mauricio A. Rostagno
- LASEFI
- Department of Food Engineering
- School of Food Engineering
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Campinas, Brazil
| | - M. Angela A. Meireles
- LASEFI
- Department of Food Engineering
- School of Food Engineering
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stoeckel D, Wallacher D, Zickler GA, Perlich J, Tallarek U, Smarsly BM. Coherent analysis of disordered mesoporous adsorbents using small angle X-ray scattering and physisorption experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:6583-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Shayanfar A, Asadpour-Zeynali K, Jouyban A. Solubility and dissolution rate of a carbamazepine–cinnamic acid cocrystal. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
20
|
Metal Species in Biology: Bottom-Up and Top-Down LC Approaches in Applied Toxicological Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/801840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the inception of liquid chromatography (LC) more than 100 years ago this separation technique has been developed into a powerful analytical tool that is frequently applied in life science research. To this end, unique insights into the interaction of metal species (throughout this manuscript “metal species” refers to “toxic metals, metalloid compounds, and metal-based drugs” and “toxic metals” to “toxic metals and metalloid compounds”) with endogenous ligands can be obtained by using LC approaches that involve their hyphenation with inductively coupled plasma-based element specific detectors. This review aims to provide a synopsis of the different LC approaches which may be employed to advance our understanding of these interactions either in a “bottom-up” or a “top-down” manner. In the “bottom-up” LC-configuration, endogenous ligands are introduced into a physiologically relevant mobile phase buffer, and the metal species of interest is injected. Subsequent “interrogation” of the on-column formed complex(es) by employing a suitable separation mechanism (e.g., size exclusion chromatography or reversed-phase LC) while changing the ligand concentration(s), the column temperature or the pH can provide valuable insight into the formation of complexes under near physiological conditions. This approach allows to establish the relative stability and hydrophobicity of metal-ligand complexes as well as the dynamic coordination of a metal species (injected) to two ligands (dissolved in the mobile phase). Conversely, the “top-down” analysis of a biological fluid (e.g., blood plasma) by LC (e.g., using size exclusion chromatography) can be used to determine the size distribution of endogenous metalloproteins which are collectively referred to as the “metalloproteome”. This approach can provide unique insight into the metabolism and the plasma protein binding of metal species, and can simultaneously visualize the dose-dependent perturbation of the metalloproteome by a particular metal species. The concerted application of these LC approaches is destined to provide new insight into biochemical processes which represent an important starting point to advance human health in the 21st century.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li M, Liapis AI. Adsorption in columns packed with porous adsorbent particles having partially fractal structures. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1913-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Missouri University of Science and Technology; Rolla; MO; USA
| | - Athanasios I. Liapis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Missouri University of Science and Technology; Rolla; MO; USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li M, Liapis AI. The dynamic behavior of a stratified column bed packed with porous adsorbent particles having partially fractal structures and a nonuniform ligand density distribution. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3439-46. [PMID: 23225711 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of adsorption in a single column and in stratified column beds packed with porous adsorbent particles having partially fractal structures is studied when all columns have the same total length and the spatial ligand density distribution in the porous microspheres from which the porous adsorbent particles are made, is either uniform or nonuniform and such that the concentration of the immobilized ligands (active sites) increases monotonically from the center of the microspheres to their outer surface. The total number of immobilized ligands in the porous adsorbent particles has the same value whether the spatial ligand density distribution is uniform or nonuniform. The results in this study clearly show that for a given value of the superficial velocity of the flowing fluid stream in the column (for a given value of throughput) the breakthrough time is significantly increased when the radius of the microspheres is decreased, the total number of sections of the stratified column bed is increased, and the spatial ligand density distribution employed in the microspheres is nonuniform. Furthermore, when the superficial velocity of the flowing fluid stream in the column is increased (throughput is increased) the effect that (i) the reduction in the radius of the microspheres and (ii) the increase in the number of sections of the stratified column bed have on providing robust and effective dynamic adsorptive capacity and smaller reductions on the breakthrough time is substantially larger than that realized through the use of the nonuniform ligand density distribution. Similar trends are also observed in the dynamic behavior of adsorption in the systems studied here when the value of the concentration of the adsorbate in the flowing fluid stream entering the column (inlet concentration) has such a high magnitude that the value of the equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate in the adsorbed phase determined from the equilibrium Langmuir isotherm that would correspond to the inlet concentration of the adsorbate in the flowing fluid stream is, for all practical purposes, at its saturation limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rigobello-Masini M, Penteado JCP, Masini JC. Monolithic columns in plant proteomics and metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:2107-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|