1
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Zhou J, Hu Y, Chen P, Zhang H. Preparation of restricted access monolithic tip via unidirectional freezing and atom transfer radical polymerization for directly extracting magnolol and honokiol from rat plasma followed by liquid chromatography analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461238. [PMID: 32709314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel strategy based on unidirectional freezing and atom transfer radical polymerization combined with activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET-ATRP) was applied to synthesizing orderly macroporous monolithic column with restricted-access (RA) property in a 1000μL pipette tip. The RA column was composed of hydrophobic inner column (poly(styrene-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and hydrophilic outer layer (poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate chain) which was grafted on the hydrophobic surface by means of the second ARGET-ATRP reaction. The as-prepared RA monolithic tip was connected to a 2mL syringe for directly extracting magnolol and honokiol from rat plasma just by manually pushing operation. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the column were characterized by scanning electronic microscope, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively. The determined results of evaluation experiments based on the optimized solid phase extraction conditions showed that the RA column possessed good protein exclusion power, extraction recovery and reusability. The constructed RA-SPE-HPLC/UV method for simultaneously analyzing magnolol and honokiol in rat plasma was validated with quality control (QC) samples at four concentration levels. Good precision (RSDs, 3.39~11.16%) and acceptable accuracy (relative recoveries, 89.52%~108.42%) were obtained for intra- and inter-day assays. The determined results of real rat plasma as well as the standard-addition samples demonstrated the developed method with good accuracy and precision. It can be extrapolated from the experimental results that this simple and cost-efficient RA-SPE method is also suitable for directly extracting other hydrophobic constituents in biological body fluid for therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaoyao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peichun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongwu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Chu Z, Zhang W, Li D, Zhang L, Zhu M, Ge Z. Synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of poly(pentabromostyrene)-silica composite: A versatile stationary phase for separating both polar and non-polar aromatic compounds. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Bo C, Jia Z, Dai X, Wei Y. Facile preparation of polymer-brush reverse-phase/hydrophilic interaction/ion-exchange tri-mode chromatographic stationary phases by controlled polymerization of three functional monomers. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Preparation of Ofloxacin-Restricted Access Media–Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Its Selective Recognition of Ofloxacin in Milk Samples. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Preparation and application of a restricted access material with hybrid poly(glycerol mono-methacrylate) and cross-linked bovine serum albumin as hydrophilic out layers for directly on-line high performance liquid chromatography analysis of enrofloxacin and gatifloxacin in milk samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1573:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Bo CM, Wang C, Wei YM. Preparation and evaluation of diblock copolymer-grafted silica by sequential surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization for reverse-phase/ion-exchange mixed-mode chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4700-4708. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Miao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Energy and Chemical Engineering; Ningxia University; Yinchuan China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
| | - Yin Mao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
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Wang X, Bo C, Wang C, Wei Y. Controllable preparation of a hydrophilic/ion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phase by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization using a mixture of two functional monomers. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1861-1868. [PMID: 28247469 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases require functionalization with at least two functional groups to yield multiple interactions with analytes. Departing from reported methods, a mixture of two different monomers, glycidyl methacrylate and 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, was grafted onto the surface of silica by a one-step surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to prepare a novel hydrophilic interaction/anion-exchange mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase. The grafted amounts of functional groups were controlled via varying the ratio of monomers in the polymerization system. The influences of water content, salt concentration and pH in the mobile phase were investigated to illustrate the mixed interaction between the stationary phase and analytes. The retention of various solutes on three columns, especially acidic and basic solutes, showed an obvious dependence on the ratio of the two monomers in the polymerization system. The results indicated that the strategy proposed in this work was beneficial to develop various types of mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases with adjustable selectivity to meet the needs of complex samples. Finally, the column was successfully employed in the isolation of melamine in liquid milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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8
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Bo C, Wang X, Wang C, Wei Y. Preparation of hydrophilic interaction/ion-exchange mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase with adjustable selectivity by controlling different ratios of the co-monomers. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:201-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Lin S, Zhang Y, Huang W, Dong X. Preparation of a monolithic cation-exchange material with hydrophilic external layers by two-step reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1694-1702. [PMID: 28217862 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the efficient analysis of biological samples has become more important due to the advances of life science and pharmaceutical research and practice. Because biological sample pretreatment is the bottleneck for fast process, material development for efficient sample process in the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis is highly desirable. In this research, a cation-exchange restricted access monolithic column was synthesized by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method. Utilizing the controlled/living property of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer method, a monolithic column of cross-linked poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) was prepared first and then linear poly(glycerol mono-methacrylate) was immobilized covalently on the surface of the polymer. The monolithic material has both functionalities of cation-exchange and protein exclusion. Protein recovery of 94.6% was obtained after grafting of poly(glycerol mono-methacrylate) while the cation-exchange property of the column is still retained. In the study, the relation between the synthetic conditions and properties of the materials was studied. The synthesis conditions including the porogen, monomer concentration, and ratio of monomers/initiator/reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent were optimized. The study provided a method for the preparation of restricted access monolithic columns: a bifunctional material by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lin
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangchao Dong
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Bo C, Wei Y. Preparation and evaluation of surface-grafted block copolymers and random copolymers via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for hydrophilic/ion-exchange stationary phases. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-mode chromatographic (MMC) stationary phases must be functionalized with at least two functional groups to yield multiple interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
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12
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Wang HS, Song M, Hang TJ. Functional Interfaces Constructed by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization for Analytical Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2881-2898. [PMID: 26785308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The high-value applications of functional polymers in analytical science generally require well-defined interfaces, including precisely synthesized molecular architectures and compositions. Controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) has been developed as a versatile and powerful tool for the preparation of polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and predetermined molecular weights. Among the CRP system, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) are well-used to develop new materials for analytical science, such as surface-modified core-shell particles, monoliths, MIP micro- or nanospheres, fluorescent nanoparticles, and multifunctional materials. In this review, we summarize the emerging functional interfaces constructed by RAFT and ATRP for applications in analytical science. Various polymers with precisely controlled architectures including homopolymers, block copolymers, molecular imprinted copolymers, and grafted copolymers were synthesized by CRP methods for molecular separation, retention, or sensing. We expect that the CRP methods will become the most popular technique for preparing functional polymers that can be broadly applied in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Song Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tai-Jun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210009, China
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13
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Wang C, Li M, Xu H, Wei Y. Preparation of an internal surface reversed-phase restricted-access material for the analysis of hydrophobic molecules in biological matrices. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Determination of melamine and cyromazine in milk by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with online solid-phase extraction using a novel cation-exchange restricted access material synthesized by surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Banerjee S, Paira TK, Mandal TK. Surface confined atom transfer radical polymerization: access to custom library of polymer-based hybrid materials for speciality applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Yang SH, Fan H, Classon RJ, Schug KA. Restricted access media as a streamlined approach toward on-line sample preparation: Recent advancements and applications. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2922-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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17
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Codling DJ, Zheng G, Stait-Gardner T, Yang S, Nilsson M, Price WS. Diffusion Studies of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers in Water–Alcohol Systems. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2734-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale J. Codling
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics
Group, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Gang Zheng
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics
Group, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Tim Stait-Gardner
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics
Group, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Shu Yang
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects
of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11 BeiYiTiao ZhongGuanCun,
100190 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mathias Nilsson
- Department of Food Science, Faculty
of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej
30, DK - 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL,
United Kingdom
| | - William S. Price
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics
Group, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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