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Lai L, Zhang M, Li T, Qu J, Xu D, Yu P, Jiang Z. Preparation and evaluation of a piperidinium-sulfonate based zwitterionic monolith for HILIC separation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464864. [PMID: 38598890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel piperidinium-sulfonate based zwitterionic hydrophilic monolith was prepared through thermally initiated co-polymerization of a piperidinium-sulfonate monomer 3-(4-((methacryloyloxy)methyl)-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate (MAMMPS), and a hydrophilic crosslinker N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) using n-propanol and H2O as porogenic system. Satisfactory mechanical and chemical stabilities, good repeatability and high column efficiency (120,000 N/m) were obtained on the optimal monolith. The resulting poly(MAMMPS-co-MBA) monolith showed a typical HILIC retention behavior over an ACN content range between 5 and 95 %. Furthermore, this column exhibited good separation performance for various polar compounds. Compared to quaternary ammonium-sulfonate based zwitterionic hydrophilic monolith, i.e. poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine-co-MBA), the poly(MAMMPS-co-MBA) monolith displayed stronger retention and better selectivity for the tested phenolic and amine compounds at different pH conditions. Finally, this column was applied for the separation of six sulfonamide antibiotics, and the analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated in terms of precision, repeatability, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ). Overall, this study not only developed a novel HILIC monolithic column, but also proved the potential of piperidinium-sulfonate based zwitterionic chemistry as stationary phase, which further increased the structure diversity of zwitterionic HILIC stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiahuan Qu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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2
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Wang Q, Sun L, Wu H, Deng N, Zhao X, Zhou J, Zhang T, Han H, Jiang Z. Rapid fabrication of zwitterionic sulfobetaine vinylimidazole-based monoliths via photoinitiated copolymerization for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:783-790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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3
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Walter TH, Alden BA, Berthelette K, Field JA, Lawrence NL, McLaughlin J, Patel AV. Characterization of a highly stable zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography stationary phase based on hybrid organic/inorganic particles. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1389-1399. [PMID: 34937126 PMCID: PMC9487986 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized a sulfobetaine stationary phase based on 1.7 μm ethylene-bridged hybrid organic/inorganic particles, which is intended for use in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. The efficiency of columns packed with this material were determined as a function of flow rate, demonstrating a minimum reduced plate height of 2.4. The batch-to-batch reproducibility was assessed using the separation of a mixture of acids, bases and neutrals. We compared the retention and selectivity of the hybrid sulfobetaine stationary phase to that of several benchmark materials. The hybrid sulfobetaine material gave strong retention for polar neutrals and high selectivity for methyl groups, hydroxy groups and configurational isomers. Large differences in cation and anion retention were observed among the columns. We characterized the acid and base stability of the hybrid sulfobetaine stationary phase, using accelerated tests at pH 1.3 and 11.0, both at 70°C. The results support a recommended pH range of 2 to 10. We also investigated the performance of columns packed with this material for metal-sensitive analytes, comparing conventional stainless steel column hardware to hardware that incorporates hybrid surface technology to mitigate interactions with metal surfaces. Compared to the conventional columns, the hybrid surface technology columns showed greatly improved peak shape. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Rapid polymerization of polyhedral oligomeric siloxane-based zwitterionic sulfoalkylbetaine monolithic column in ionic liquid for hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1659:462651. [PMID: 34749184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel polyhedral oligomeric siloxane (POSS)-based zwitterionic monolithic capillary column was prepared via one-pot polymerization in ionic liquid porogen, using N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine (DMMSA) and methacrylic ethyl trimethylammonium chloride (META) as binary functional monomers, and methacryl substituted POSS as cross-linker. The pore structure, permeability and homogeneity were well tuned by optimizing the polymerization conditions. The resultant monolith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of zwitterionic ligand (DMMSA), quaternary amine group (META) and rigid POSS skeleton endows the hybrid organic-silica monolith with high hydrophilicity, electrostatic interaction and good mechanical stability, as well as a tunable electroosmotic flow over wide pH range. A close investigation of capillary electrochromatographic separations of different types of polar compounds such as bases, nucleosides and benzoic acids on such stationary phase exhibited a retention independent column efficiency up to 118,000 plates/m (thiourea), as well as a mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) retention mechanism including weak electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange.
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Wu W, Tang R, Pan L, Wang C, Zhang J, Ma S, Shen Y, Ou J. Fabrication of hydrophilic zwitterionic microspheres via inverse suspension polymerization for the enrichment of N-glycopeptides. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:348. [PMID: 34542721 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A kind of zwitterionic microsphere was prepared via one-step inverse suspension polymerization employing 3-[N,N-dimethyl-[2-(2-methylpropyl-2-enyloxy) ethyl] ammonium] propane-1-sulfonate (MSA) and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) as the precursors. The preparation conditions were carefully investigated and optimized by regulating the content of total monomers, ratio of MSA to BIS, ratio of water to oil, and content of stabilizer. The properties of microspheres were characterized by helium ion microscopy (HIM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption/desorption measurement, and water contact angle measurement. The particle size of resulting polydisperse microspheres ranged from 15-25 μm, exhibiting high specific surface area of 138 m2 g-1. Owing to great hydrophilicity, the resulting zwitterionic microspheres could be directly used as hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) sorbent to enrich glycopeptides from biosamples without any chemical modification. A total of 19 N-glycopeptides was enriched from 10 μg of IgG digest. Besides, up to 383 N-glycopeptides and 224 N-glycosylation sites were unambiguously identified from 2 μL of human serum digest by cLC-MS/MS after enrichment with zwitterionic microspheres, indicating their great enrichment performance to N-glycopeptides. The approach of preparing hydrophilic zwitterionic microspheres contains only one synthesis reaction and is suitable for large-scale preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Mao Z, Li Z, Hu C, Liu Y, Li Q, Chen Z. Glycine-modified organic polymer monolith featuring zwitterionic functionalities for hydrophilic capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461497. [PMID: 32858454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Allylglycine, a conventional amino acid derivative, possesses typical zwitterionic and hydrophilic functionalities deriving from the carboxyl and amino groups in its structure. A novel monolithic column poly(allylglycine-co-1, 3, 5-triacryloylhexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine) (AGly-co-TAT) with powerful hydrophilic selectivity and obvious zwitterionic feature was synthesized successfully with the monomer allyglycine and the cross-linker 1, 3, 5-triacryloylhexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine through in-situ copolymerization for capillary electrochromatography. The obtained monolithic column has good permeability. Due to the zwitterionic functional groups of allylglycine, the poly(AGly-co-TAT) monolithic column can generate a cathodic and anodic electroosmotic flow (EOF) by changing the mobile phase pH, which is beneficial to expand its application range. The separations of different series of polar analytes, thioureas, xanthines, phenols, peptides and acidic compounds are achieved on this hydrophilic monolithic column due to the powerful hydrophilic, electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. Using this monolithic column, hydrophilic separations are achieved even at a lower level of 50% organic solvent. The separation efficiency up to 1.41 × 105 N m-1 and 1.19 × 105 N m-1 is achieved for the separation of theophylline and phenol, respectively. For a real sample, cytochrome C digestion, the monolithic column shows good separation performance, which offers the potential application of the monolithic column on proteomics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China.
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7
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Huang H, Zhao P, Sun L, Peng K, Liu X, Ruan M, Shao H, Crommen J, Yu P, Jiang Z. Fabrication and application of zwitterionic phosphorylcholine functionalized monoliths with different hydrophilic crosslinkers in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1101:222-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Mansour FR, Waheed S, Paull B, Maya F. Porogens and porogen selection in the preparation of porous polymer monoliths. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:56-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotouh R. Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyTanta University Tanta Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Services CenterFaculty of PharmacyTanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Sidra Waheed
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)School of Natural Sciences, ChemistryUniversity of Tasmania Hobart Australia
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Gao W, Liu XL, Li JY, Lian HZ, Mao L. One-pot preparation of zwitterionic sulfoalkylbetaine monolith for rapid and efficient separation of lysozyme from egg white. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 175:112761. [PMID: 31330280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A porous zwitterionic monolithic column was prepared to rapidly and efficiently separate lysozyme from egg white. The monolith was synthesized in a stainless steel HPLC column (5 cm × 4.6 mm i.d.) by in-situ thermal initiated co-polymerization of N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (MSA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). Due to the combination of quaternary ammonium and sulfonic groups on the monolithic matrix in one-pot process, the hydrophobic carbon chain and hydrophilic radical were obtained, which provided multiple driving forces for neutral, basic and acidic analytes, thus mix-mode chromatography mechanism contributed to the retention of different charged proteins. Properties such as composition, morphology and stability of the MSA-co-EDMA monolithic column were characterized by various analytical methods and the results showed that the monolith has large through-pores, good hydrophilicity and permeability. The effects of mobile phase pH and ionic strength on proteins were investigated, drawing the conclusion that the main adsorption and elution mechanism of lysozyme on MSA-co-EDMA monolith was electrostatic interaction, while those of other proteins included hydrophobic, hydrophilic and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, efficient separation of lysozyme and other proteins could be successfully achieved by switching the pH of mobile phase. Lysozyme can be adsorbed using 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and eluted with 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 2.0). To prove the practicality of the monolithic column, it was also applied in the separation of lysozyme in egg white, which means the work has the potential for further development in proteome analysis of real biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Aydoğan C, Gökaltun A, Denizli A, El‐Rassi Z. Organic polymer‐based monolithic capillary columns and their applications in food analysisψ. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:962-979. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Food EngineeringBingöl University Bingöl Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Department of Chemical EngineeringHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ziad El‐Rassi
- Department of ChemistryOklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
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11
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Takafuji M, Shahruzzaman M, Sasahara K, Ihara H. Preparation and characterization of a novel hydrophilic interaction/ion exchange mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase with pyridinium-based zwitterionic polymer-grafted porous silica. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3957-3965. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takafuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Mohammad Shahruzzaman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Kazufusa Sasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics; Kumamoto Japan
- Department of New Frontier Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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Tan W, Chang F, Shu Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Ma M, Chen B. The synthesis of Gemini-type sulfobetaine based hybrid monolith and its application in hydrophilic interaction chromatography for small polar molecular. Talanta 2017; 173:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu C, Li H, Wang Q, Crommen J, Zhou H, Jiang Z. Preparation and evaluation of 400μm I.D. polymer-based hydrophilic interaction chromatography monolithic columns with high column efficiency. J Chromatogr A 2017. [PMID: 28629939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The quest for higher column efficiency is one of the major research areas in polymer-based monolithic column fabrication. In this research, two novel polymer-based HILIC monolithic columns with 400μm I.D.×800μm O.D. were prepared based on the thermally initiated co-polymerization of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (SPP) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) or N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). In order to obtain a satisfactory performance in terms of column permeability, mechanical stability, efficiency and selectivity, the polymerization parameters were systematically optimized. Column efficiencies as high as 142, 000 plates/m and 120, 000 plates/m were observed for the analysis of neutral compounds at 0.6mm/s on the poly(SPP-co-MBA) and poly(SPP-co-EDMA) monoliths, respectively. Furthermore, the Van Deemter plots for thiourea on the two monoliths were compared with that on a commercial silica based ZIC-HILIC column (3.5μm, 200Å, 150mm×300μm I.D.) using ACN/H2O (90/10, v/v) as the mobile phase at room temperature. It was noticeable that the Van Deemter curves for both monoliths, particularly the poly(SPP-co-MBA) monolith, are significantly flatter than that obtained for the ZIC-HILIC column, which indicates that in spite of their larger internal diameters, they yield better overall efficiency, with less peak dispersion, across a much wider range of usable linear velocities. A clearly better separation performance was also observed for nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and small peptides on the poly(SPP-co-MBA) monolith compared to the ZIC-HILIC column. It is particularly worth mentioning that these 400μm I.D. polymer-based HILIC monolithic columns exhibit enhanced mechanical strength owing to the thicker capillary wall of the fused-silica capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chusheng Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Liege, CHU B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Takayama N, Lim LW, Takeuchi T. Optimization and Investigation of Zwitterionic Monolithic Stationary Phases for Capillary Ion Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:631-634. [PMID: 28496069 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic monolithic columns were synthesized by a one-pot reaction using [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide, ethylene dimethacrylate, methanol and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the monomer, cross-linker, porogen and initiator, respectively. The optimum conditions for polymerization and the efficiency of the prepared columns were examined for ion chromatography. The separation of five kinds of inorganic anions was achieved. The back pressures were monitored as increasing flow-rate, and the resulting plate heights (i.e. height equivalent of a theoretical plate, HETP) of SCN- were calculated at the inspected flow-rates. It was found that the increment rates of both the back pressure and HETP were rather slight. Mobile phases containing various cations or acid increased the retention times of the anions. Divalent cations could be separated, while monovalent cations could not be resolved due to their weak retention on the stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Lee Wah Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
| | - Toyohide Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
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15
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Kip Ç, Demir C, Tuncel A. One pot synthesis of carboxyl functionalized-polyhedral oligomeric siloxane based monolith via photoinitiated thiol-methacrylate polymerization for nano-hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1502:14-23. [PMID: 28457489 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid monolith exhibiting almost retention independent separation performance in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) was obtained by one-pot photoinitiated thiol-methacrylate polymerization. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing methacrylate units (POSS-MA) was used as the main monomer and crosslinking agent, together with a hydrophilic ligand with two carboxyl groups, mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) as the thiol agent and chromatographic ligand. The isocratic separation of nucleosides, nucleotides and organic acids on MSA attached-poly(POSS-MA) monolith was investigated in HILIC mode. The van-Deemter plots for obtained for nucleosides, nucleotides and benzoic acids clearly showed that there were two regions in each graph with two different slopes in the studied range of linear flow rate (i.e. 0.2-4.3mm/s). The slope of plate height-linear velocity curve was so small in the low linear velocity region between 0.2-2.1mm/s while the slope in high linear velocity region between 2.1-4.3mm/s was so higher with respect to the first region. The van-Deemter plots sketched for all analyte grous used in HILIC mode obeyed this tendency Almost "retention independent plate height behavior" was demonstrated in HILIC, using nucleotides, nucleotides or benzoic acids as the analytes in the linear velocity range of 0.2-2.1mm/s. This behavior was explained by the porous structure of the synthesized monolith facilitating the convective transport of analytes. The variation of plate height was not retention-independent within high linear velocity range (>3.2mm/s) when nucleosides were separated in HILIC mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Kip
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cihan Demir
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey; Division of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Yong T, Wu F, Xiao H, Wan B. Silica modified with a thiourea derivative as a new stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3852-3861. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Fan Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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17
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Currivan S, Macak JM, Jandera P. Polymethacrylate monolithic columns for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography prepared using a secondary surface polymerization. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1402:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kip Ç, Erkakan D, Gökaltun A, Çelebi B, Tuncel A. Synthesis of a reactive polymethacrylate capillary monolith and its use as a starting material for the preparation of a stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:86-97. [PMID: 25900740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) capillary monolith was proposed as a reactive starting material with tailoring flexibility for the preparation of monolithic stationary phases. The reactive capillary monolith was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA-Cl) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). The mean pore size, the specific surface area and the permeability of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monoliths were controlled by adjusting porogen/monomer volume ratio, porogen composition and polymerization temperature. The porogen/monomer volume ratio was found as the most effective factor controlling the porous properties of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith. Triethanolamine (TEA-OH) functionalized polymethacrylate monoliths were prepared by using the reactive chloropropyl group of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith via one-pot and simple post-functionalization process. Poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith reacted with TEA-OH was evaluated as a stationary phase in nano-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (nano-HILIC). Nucleotides, nucleosides and benzoic acid derivatives were satisfactorily separated with the plate heights up to 20μm. TEA-OH attached-poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith showed a reproducible and stable retention behaviour in nano-HILIC runs. However, a decrease in the column performance (i.e. an increase in the plate height) was observed with the increasing retention factor. Hence "retention-dependent column efficiency" behaviour was shown for HILIC mode using the chromatographic data collected with the polymer based monolith synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Kip
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Erkakan
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çelebi
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Division of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Liu C, Chen W, Yuan G, Xiao Y, Crommen J, Xu S, Jiang Z. Influence of the crosslinker type on the chromatographic properties of hydrophilic sulfoalkylbetaine-type monolithic columns. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1373:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Jonnada M, Rathnasekara R, El Rassi Z. Recent advances in nonpolar and polar organic monoliths for HPLC and CEC. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:76-100. [PMID: 25266173 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article is aimed at providing a review of the progress made in the field over the period 2011 to present in order to expand in parts on two previous reviews (S. Karenga and Z. El Rassi, Electrophoresis, 2011, 32, 90-104; D. Gunasena and Z. El Rassi, Electrophoresis, 2012, 33, 251-261). In brief, this review article describes progress made in nonpolar and polar monoliths used in RP HPLC and CEC and in hydrophilic interaction LC/CEC, respectively. This article is by no means an exhaustive review of the literature; it is rather a survey of the recent progress made in the field with 69 references published on nonpolar and polar polymeric monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murthy Jonnada
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Huang BY, Yang CK, Liu CP, Liu CY. Stationary phases for the enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2091-107. [PMID: 24729282 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of protein glycosylation is important for biomedical and biopharmaceutical research. Recent advances in LC-MS analysis have enabled the identification of glycosylation sites, the characterisation of glycan structures and the identification and quantification of glycoproteins and glycopeptides. However, this type of analysis remains challenging due to the low abundance of glycopeptides in complex protein digests, the microheterogeneity at glycosylation sites, ion suppression effects and the competition for ionisation by co-eluting peptides. Specific sample preparation is necessary for comprehensive and site-specific glycosylation analyses using MS. Therefore, researchers continue to pursue new columns to broaden their applications. The current manuscript covers recent literature published from 2008 to 2013. The stationary phases containing various chemical bonding methods or ligands immobilisation strategies on solid supports that selectively enrich N-linked or sialylated N-glycopeptides are categorised with either physical or chemical modes of binding. These categories include lectin affinity, hydrophilic interactions, boronate affinity, titanium dioxide affinity, hydrazide chemistry and other separation techniques. This review should aid in better understanding the syntheses and physicochemical properties of each type of stationary phases for enriching glycoproteins and glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang P, Wang W, Xiao X, Jia L. Hydrothermal preparation of hybrid carbon/silica monolithic capillary column for liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1911-8. [PMID: 24830747 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, easy and economical approach for the preparation of a hybrid carbon/silica monolithic capillary column was described for the first time by using silica monolith as framework in combination with hydrothermal carbonization at 180°C. During the preparation process, formamide was introduced to the reaction solutions to reduce the dissolution rate of monolithic silica skeleton and its optimal concentration was 1.5 M. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and inverse size exclusion chromatography were carried out to characterize the as-prepared column. The results demonstrated that carbon spheres ranging from 150 to 1000 nm were successfully attached to the surface of silica skeleton. The prepared hybrid carbon/silica column had a permeability of 4.4 × 10(-14) m(2). Chromatographic performance of the column was evaluated by separation of various compounds including alkylbenzenes, nucleosides and bases, and aromatic acids. The column exhibited an efficiency of 75,000 plates/m for butylbenzene at the optimal linear velocity of 0.23 mm/s. The successful separation of these compounds and the study on mechanism indicated that the column can be applied in mixed-mode chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Abstract
Regular special issues concerning monoliths have always been a stronghold of the Journal of Separation Science. Typically, we issued a call for papers, collected and processed the submitted manuscripts, and all of them were then printed in a single issue of the journal. This approach worked to a certain limit quite acceptably but there was always a longer waiting time between the early submissions and publication. This is why we decided to do it this year differently. I claimed in my 2013 New Years Editorial: "We are living in the electronic era! Why not to make an advantage of that?" And we do. As a result, all manuscript submitted for publication in the special issue Monoliths have already been published in regular issues as soon as they were accepted. The first page of these papers includes a footnote: "This paper is included in the virtual special issue Monoliths available at the Journal of Separation Science website." All papers published with this footnote were collected in a virtual special issue accessible through the internet. This concept ruled out possible delays in publication of contributions submitted early. Since we did not have any real "special issue", there was no need for any hard deadline for submission. We just collected manuscripts submitted for the special issue Monoliths published from January to July 2013 and included them in the virtual special issue. This new approach worked very well and we published 22 excellent papers that are included in the issue available now at this website: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1615-9314/homepage/virtual_special_issue__monoliths.htm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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25
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On-line solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography, with emphasis on modern bioanalysis and miniaturized systems. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Guo J, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Liu Z, Rao L, He T, Crommen J, Sun P, Jiang Z. A facile and efficient one-step strategy for the preparation of β-cyclodextrin monoliths. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2441-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Guo
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | | | - Yongbo Peng
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Longyi Rao
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Teng He
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jacques Crommen
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - Pinghua Sun
- College of Pharmacy; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
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