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Casado-Carmona FA, Lasarte-Aragonés G, Kabir A, Furton KG, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Fan-based device for integrated air sampling and microextraction. Talanta 2021; 230:122290. [PMID: 33934762 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a new air sampler based on a conventional computer fan is presented and evaluated. The fan has a double role as it acts as the air pumping system and supports the sorptive phases, which are located on its blades. The compact design and the reduced energy consumption (it can operate with a standard cell phone charger) confers high portability to the device. Also, a simple alternative integrated into the fan is proposed for using an internal standard during the sampling, thus increasing the precision of the measurements. In this first communication, sol-gel Carbowax 20 M coated fabric phases are used as sorptive membranes thanks to their planar geometry, mechanical and thermal stability, and their versatility covering different interaction chemistries. After sampling, the fabric phases are placed in a headspace vial, which is finally analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sampler has been characterized for the extraction of selected volatile organic compounds (chloroform, benzaldehyde, toluene, and cyclohexane) from air and its versatility has also been evaluated by the identification of semi-volatile compounds in working place (toluene and xylene in laboratory residue storage room) and biogenic volatile compounds in natural samples (terpenes in fresh pine needles and orange peel samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Casado-Carmona
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Grandy JJ, Murtada K, Belinato JR, Suárez PAO, Pawliszyn J. Development and validation of an improved, thin film solid phase microextraction based, standard gas generating vial for the repeatable generation of gaseous standards. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461541. [PMID: 33059176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the development and validation of novel thin film solid phase micro extraction (TF-SPME) based standard gas generating vials suitable for repeatable generation of gaseous standards for GC-MS analysis and quality control. The vials were developed using carbon mesh membranes loaded with pure polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), divinylbenzene (DVB/PDMS), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB/PDMS), and carboxen (Car/PDMS) sorbents that were then spiked with modified McReynolds standards including benzene, 2-pentanone, 1-nitropropane, pyridine, 1-pentanol, octane, dodecane, and hexadecane. Sorbent strength was determined to follow the aforementioned order, with pure PDMS presenting the weakest sorption capabilities and Car/PDMS the strongest. While the weaker, pure PDMS based gas generating vials transferred an instrument-overloading amount of McReynolds probes to the 1.1 mm DVB/PDMS SPME arrows used for extraction, vials prepared using Car/PDMS TF-SPME as a sorbent failed to provide consistently detectable amounts of analytes less volatile than 1-nitropropane. The DVB/PDMS and HLB/PDMS based vials were found to maintain optimal sorption capabilities for the tested analytes, providing a sorption strength strong enough to not exhibit any depletion in 10 replicate runs, while still delivering a consistent amount of all the regular McReynolds components. Moreover, with intra-vial%RSDs of 5% or less for all analytes tested, these HLB and DVB vials were found to deliver very good repeatability. After purposely submitting vials to 200 accelerated depletion extractions (1.1 mm DVB/PDMS arrow at 55 °C for 3 min), vials prepared with DVB/PDMS were found to deplete by 33%, 38%, 34%, 33%, 40%, and 33% while vials prepared with HLB/PDMS were found to deplete by 21%, 16%, 12%, 31%, 16% and 0% for benzene, 2-pentanone, 1-nitropropane, pyridine, 1-pentanol, and octane, respectively. When user typical extractions conditions were used instead (50/30 μm DVB/Car/PDMS SPME fiber at 35 °C for 1 min), no depletion could be observed from the HLB/PDMS based vial while%RSDs ranged from 1.1-3.0% after the 300 extraction/desorption cycles. Finally, in efforts to demonstrate its real world applicability, the DVB/PDMS vial was used to evaluate the inter-fiber repeatability of commercial DVB/PDMS SPME arrows, with results demonstrating that arrows from a single package were statistically similar (ANOVA at 95% confidence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, Canada
| | - Khaled Murtada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, Canada
| | - João Raul Belinato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, Canada; On Leave from Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; On Leave from National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, Canada.
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Grandy JJ, Singh V, Lashgari M, Gauthier M, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balanced Thin Film Solid Phase Microextraction Device for Balanced Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14072-14080. [PMID: 30372047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Maryam Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Alam MN, Boyacı E, Bojko B, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions. Anal Chem 2017; 90:302-360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Lin W, Wei S, Jiang R, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Calibration of the complex matrix effects on the sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples using solid phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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A facile and fully automated on-fiber derivatization protocol for direct analysis of short-chain aliphatic amines using a matrix compatible solid-phase microextraction coating. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1457:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Poole JJ, Grandy JJ, Gómez-Ríos GA, Gionfriddo E, Pawliszyn J. Solid Phase Microextraction On-Fiber Derivatization Using a Stable, Portable, and Reusable Pentafluorophenyl Hydrazine Standard Gas Generating Vial. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6859-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justen J. Poole
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Grandy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German A. Gómez-Ríos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Gómez-Ríos GA, Reyes-Garcés N, Pawliszyn J. Evaluation of a multi-fiber exchange solid-phase microextraction system and its application to on-site sampling. J Sep Sci 2016; 38:3560-7. [PMID: 26311558 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, multiple solid-phase microextraction fibers could not be automatically desorbed in a single gas chromatographic sequence without manual intervention from an operator. This drawback had been a critical issue, particularly during the analysis of numerous on-site samples taken with various fiber assemblies. Recently, a Multi-Fiber Exchange system, designed to overcome this flaw found in other commercially available autosamplers, was released. In the current research, a critical evaluation of the Multi-Fiber Exchange system performance in terms of storage stability and long-term operation is presented. It was established in the course of our research that the Multi-Fiber Exchange system can operate continuously and precisely for multiple extraction/injection cycles. However, when the effect of residence time of commercial fibers on the Multi-Fiber Exchange tray was evaluated, results showed that among the evaluated fiber coatings, Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane was the only coating capable of efficient storage on the tray for up to 24 h after field sampling without suffering significant loss of analytes (≤10% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, decane, and limonene). Additionally, the system capability for high-throughput analysis was demonstrated by the unattended desorption of multiple fibers after on-site sampling of toluene, indoor air levels, in a polymer synthesis lab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Grandy JJ, Boyacı E, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Carbon Mesh Supported Thin Film Microextraction Membrane As a Means to Lower the Detection Limits of Benchtop and Portable GC/MS Instrumentation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1760-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Grandy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Jiang R, Xu J, Lin W, Wen S, Zhu F, Luan T, Ouyang G. Investigation of the kinetic process of solid phase microextraction in complex sample. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 900:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Development of a standard gas generating vial comprised of a silicon oil–polystyrene/divinylbenzene composite sorbent. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grandy J, Asl-Hariri S, Pawliszyn J. Novel and Emerging Air-Sampling Devices. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Asl-Hariri S, Gómez-Ríos GA, Gionfriddo E, Dawes P, Pawliszyn J. Development of needle trap technology for on-site determinations: active and passive sampling. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5889-97. [PMID: 24842217 DOI: 10.1021/ac500801v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a thorough evaluation of new prototypes of extended tip needle trap devices (NT), as well as their application to in situ sampling of biological emissions and active/passive on-site sampling of indoor air. A new NT prototype was constructed with a side hole above the sorbent and an extended tip that fits inside the restriction of the narrow neck liner to increase desorption efficiency. New prototype needles were initially packed with divinylbenzene particles at SGE Analytical Science for the purpose of studying biogenic emissions of pine trees. Prior to their final application, they were evaluated in terms of robustness after multiple use (n > 10), as well as amount extracted of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). An ANOVA test for all the probes showed that at a 95% level of confidence, there were not statistical differences observed among the 9 NTs tested. In addition, the needles were also packed in laboratory with synthesized highly cross-linked PDMS as a frit to immobilize carboxen (Car) particles for spot sampling. For passive sampling, the needles were packed with Car particles embedded in PDMS to simplify calculations in passive mode. The use of NTs as spot samplers, as well as a passive sampler under controlled conditions in the laboratoryyielded a relative standard deviation of less than 15%. Finally, a new, reusable and readily deployable penlike diffusive sampler for needle traps (PDS-NT) was built and tested. Application of the PDS-NT in combination with NT-spot sampling toward the analysis of indoor air in a polymer synthesis laboratory showed good agreement between both techniques for the analyte studied, yielding averages of 0.03 and 0.025 ng/mL of toluene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Asl-Hariri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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