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Liu Y, He W, Lu Z, Wang J, Sun C, Su J, Mo C, You H. A pH-mediated field amplification sample stacking technique based on portable microchip electrophoresis heavy metal ion detection system. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1475-1482. [PMID: 37209382 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We built a portable microchip electrophoresis heavy metal ion detection system and proposed a pH-mediated field amplified sample stacking (pH-mediated FASS) online preconcentration method. The pH-mediated FASS focuses and stacks heavy metal cations by controlling electrophoretic mobilities with a pH change between the analyte and the background electrolyte (BGE) in solution to improve the detection sensitivity of the system. We optimized and adjusted sample matrix solution (SMS) ratios and pH to create concentration and pH gradients for SMS and BGE. Furthermore, we optimize the microchannel width to improve the preconcentration effect further. The system and method analyzed soil leachates polluted with heavy metals and separated Pb2+ and Cd2+ within 90 s, obtaining their levels at 58.01 mg/L and 4.91 mg/L with sensitivity enhancement factors (SEF) of 26.40 and 43.73. Compared with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), the detection error of the system was less than 8.80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenhe He
- School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zihao Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jianjiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cuimin Sun
- School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Chengwu Mo
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Hui You
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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2
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Ma W, Li W, Yang Y, Yang J, Chen B, Xie Y. Derivatization-free multi-step extraction for trace haloacetic acids analysis with ion chromatography: Performance and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129166. [PMID: 35605503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are a type of disinfection byproducts commonly found in drinking water with carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic risks to humans. Currently, the analytical methods of trace HAAs are either labor-intensive or very expensive. We herein propose a facile multiple-step extraction strategy for HAAs analysis with common ion chromatography (IC). This study is based on a fundamental water chemistry principle that HAAs become protonated featuring positive logKow values (> 0.34) under pH < pKa but deprotonated featuring negative logKow values (< -2.37) under pH > pKa. By taking advantage of the species and property switches, HAAs can be extracted and enriched into methyl tert-butyl ether first at pH < 0.5 and then back-extracted into neutral water and enriched again. Equally important, interfering anions in IC chromatogram are eliminated because they have negative logKow values. Verification results show that HAAs were enriched by 11.4 times in average while interfering anions were almost eliminated (> 99%). Although similar to USEPA Method 552.3 in method detection limits (0.033-0.246 μg/L), recoveries (70%~110%), and relative standard deviations (< 9.91%), this method took ≤ 70 min to run a batch of samples without derivatization, which takes over 2 h. The methodology may be applicable to other pollutants that also have contrasting Kow values at different pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuefeng Xie
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
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3
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Jiang Y, He MY, Zhang WJ, Luo P, Guo D, Fang X, Xu W. Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodology. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Ouyang L, Liu Q, Liang H. Combining field-amplified sample stacking with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis on a paper chip for the preconcentration and separation of metal ions. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:789-797. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangfei Ouyang
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Heng Liang
- Separation Science Institute, the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an P. R. China
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KAWAI T. Recent Studies on Online Sample Preconcentration Methods inCapillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2017.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki KAWAI
- Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University
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Alsharaa A, Sajid M, Basheer C, Alhooshani K, Lee HK. Determination of haloacetic acids in water using layered double hydroxides as a sorbent in dispersive solid‐phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3610-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulnaser Alsharaa
- Department of ChemistryKing Fahd University of Petroleum and minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of ChemistryKing Fahd University of Petroleum and minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Chanbasha Basheer
- Department of ChemistryKing Fahd University of Petroleum and minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhooshani
- Department of ChemistryKing Fahd University of Petroleum and minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore
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Wuethrich A, Haddad PR, Quirino JP. Field-enhanced sample injection micelle-to-solvent stacking capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of antibiotics in seawater after solid-phase extraction. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1139-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
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Luo X, Chen L, Zhao Y. Simultaneous determination of three chloroacetic acids, three herbicides, and 12 anions in water by ion chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3096-102. [PMID: 26147076 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An ion chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous detection of three soluble herbicides (glyphosate, bentazone and picloram), three chlorine disinfection byproducts (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid) and 12 anions in water (Cl(-), Br(-), SO4(2-), CO3(2-), ClO3(-), ClO4(-), BrO3(-), PO4(3-), NO2(-), NO3(-), CH3COO(-) and COO(-)). High linearity (r(2) > 0.996) was observed for all target analytes for each respective concentration range. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were between 0.21-0.85 and 0.06-25.46 μg/L, respectively. However, the interference effect of Cl(-), NO3(-) , SO4 (2-) and CO3(2-) on some target analytes must be considered during the analysis. Sample pre-treatment by a hydrogen column (H-column) required to reduce the negative effect of CO3(2-). Additionally, sample pre-treatment by a sliver-hydrogen column (Ag-H-column) is required when Cl(-) > 100 mg/L and SO4(2-) < 50 mg/L, and pre-treatment by both a barium column (Ba-column) and an H-column is required when Cl(-) > 100 mg/L and SO4(2-) > 50 mg/L. When Cl(-) > 100 mg/L, SO4(2-) > 50 mg/L and CO3(2-) > 20 mg/L, the sample pre-treatment by either an Ag-H-Ba-column or an Ag-H-column and Ba-column is required to minimize interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Luo
- School of Marine, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- School of Marine, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, PR China
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Henson CM, Emmert GL, Simone PS. A fully-automated analyzer for determining haloacetic acid concentrations in drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:586-595. [PMID: 25303464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fully-automated, on-line, real-time analyzer has been developed for preconcentration and analysis of haloacetic acids (HAAs). Preconcentration of HAAs is achieved by sample acidification and solid phase extraction onto a hydrophobic polymeric resin using sequential injection analysis (SIA). The HAAs preconcentrate is then analyzed using post-column reaction-ion chromatography (PCR-IC), which is selective for HAAs. Systematic optimization of SIA preconcentration parameters are described followed by detailed method detection limit (MDL), accuracy, precision, and linearity studies. MDL values for the individual HAA9 species range from 0.4 to 0.9 μg L(-1). Side-by-side comparison studies of HAAs analysis in 14 real-world drinking water samples from Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, New York, Pennsylvania and Tennessee are presented that compare the optimized SIA-PCR-IC to USEPA Method 552.3. Trace levels of HAAs detected in select samples are reported, and the bias values calculated between the two methods are typically less than 5 μg L(-1) for eight of the nine individual HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Henson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Gary L Emmert
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Paul S Simone
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Kitagawa S, Buno H, Sakabe K, Nakagawa H, Ohtani H. Analyte zone sharpening in pressurized capillary electrochromatography based on electrophoretic migration under a heterogeneous field. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3181-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroki Buno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Koichi Sakabe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso Showa Nagoya Japan
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11
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Liu B, Cong Y, Ivory CF. Counterflow isotachophoresis in a monolithic column. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2395-402. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingwen Liu
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Yongzheng Cong
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - Cornelius F. Ivory
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
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