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El-Sayed HM, Abdel Fattah LE, Abdellatef HE, Hegazy MA, Abd El-Aziz MM. Selective Determination of Entecavir in the Presence of its Oxidative Degradate by Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Methods. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:847-853. [PMID: 33528014 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entecavir (ENT) is an antiretroviral agent prescribed for the treatment of the hepatitis B virus(HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). OBJECTIVE Development and validation of three simple, sensitive, selective, and precise methods for determination of ENT in the presence of its oxidative degradation product (ENT deg.). METHOD The first method was based on second derivative (D2) spectrophotometry through measuring the peak amplitude of D2 spectra at 293.6 nm. The second one is mean centering of the ratio spectra (MCR), which enabled measurement of the peak amplitude at 280.0 nm. The third method was HPLC, where ENT was separated from ENT deg. using a Zobrax C18 column and methanol:water (30:70, v/v) with pH 3 as a mobile phase. The three developed methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. RESULTS Linearity range of ENT was 5.00-50.00 μg/mL for both D2 and MCR. However, higher sensitivity was achieved using HPLC (1.00-50.00 μg/mL). Accuracy of ENT were 100.60 ± 0.547%, 101.55 ± 1.2071%, and 100.61 ± 1.207% for D2, MCR, and HPLC methods, respectively, and precision was within 1.280. CONCLUSIONS The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of ENT in Tecavir® tablets without interference from ENT deg. They showed no significant difference in comparison with the official method and they can be applied in the quality analysis of ENT with high selectivity, accuracy, and precision. HIGHLIGHTS ENT was quantified using two spectrophotometric (D2 and MCR) methods and an HPLC method in presence of ENT deg. The proposed methods were applied to analysis of ENT tablets with high selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M El-Sayed
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Laila E Abdel Fattah
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Cairo, 12613, Egypt.,Misr University for Since and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 6th of October City, 12566, Egypt
| | - Hisham E Abdellatef
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mai M Abd El-Aziz
- Misr University for Since and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 6th of October City, 12566, Egypt
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Niessen WMA. Tandem mass spectrometry of small-molecule antiviral drugs: 1. HIV-related antivirals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 455:116370. [PMID: 33519296 PMCID: PMC7834215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2020.116370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are a class of compounds developed specifically for the treatment of viral infections. In the development and subsequent application of antiviral drugs, like for any other class of drugs, quantitative analysis in biological matrix is important, e.g., to establish bioavailability, to study pharmacokinetics, and later on possibly for therapeutic drug monitoring. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) operated in selected-reaction monitoring (SRM) mode is the method of choice in quantitative bioanalysis. As information of the fragmentation of antiviral drugs in MS-MS is very much scattered in the scientific literature, it was decided to collect this information and to review it, not only to understand which product ions are actually used in SRM, but also to assist in other studies, e.g., in the identification of drug metabolites or (forced) degradation products. In this first study, attention is paid to antiviral agents used against HIV infection. The review provides fragmentation schemes of ca. 40 antiviral agents as well as several phosphorylated anabolites. The identity of the product ions used in SRM, i.e., elemental composition and exact-m/z, is tabulated, and more detailed fragmentation schemes are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M A Niessen
- hyphen MassSpec, Margrietstraat 34, 2215 HJ, Voorhout, the Netherlands
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An innovative electrochemical platform for the sensitive determination of the hepatitis B inhibitor Entecavir with ionic liquid as a mediator. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang L, Chen X, Sun C, Zhu Y, Kang Y, Zeng S. Chiral detection of entecavir stereoisomeric impurities through coordination with R-besivance and Zn II using mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:247-256. [PMID: 29314359 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a mass spectrometry (MS)-based kinetic method (KM) is shown to be successful at analyzing a multichiral center drug stereoisomer, entecavir (ETV), both qualitatively and quantitatively. On the basis of the KM, the bivalent complex ion [MII (A)(ref*)2 ]2+ (MII = divalent metal ion, A = analyte, and ref* = chiral reference) was set as precursor ion in MS/MS. The experiment results suggest strong chiral selectivity between ETV and its isomers when using ZnII coordinated with the chiral reference R-besivance (R-B). The logarithm of the fragment ion abundance ratio and the enantiomeric percentage (%) exhibits a strong linear relation because of the competitive loss of the reference and analyte. The product ion pair [ZnII (R-B)A-H]+ (m/z 733) and [ZnII (R-B)2 -H]+ (m/z 849), together with [R-B + H]+ (m/z 394) and [A + H]+ (m/z 278), can realize the identification of ETV and all of its chiral isomers. Theoretical calculation were also performed using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G* and LanL2DZ basis set to clarify the mechanism of structural difference of these bivalent complex ions. The results reveal that MS-KM can be used to detect optical impurities without a chiral chromatographic column and fussy sample pretreatment. The established method has been used to determine stereoisomeric impurities of less than 0.1% in ETV crude drug, a demonstration of its simple and effective nature for rapid detection of stereoisomeric impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Zhejiang Haochuang Biotech Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Drug Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Wu S, He Y, Dai Z, Ma S, Liu B. Studies of the structure-antioxidant activity relationships and antioxidant activity mechanism of iridoid valepotriates and their degradation products. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189198. [PMID: 29232391 PMCID: PMC5726618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with diverse diseases, including obesity, cancer and neurodegeneration. In fact, Valeriana jatamansi Jones (valerian) and its extracts possess strong antioxidant activities that extend their application in clinical practice to the treatment of these illnesses, even though the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Iridoid valepotriate, a characteristic iridoid ester in valerian with poor chemical stability, possesses considerable antioxidant components. The original compounds and their degradation products have been found to exhibit strong antioxidant activities. However, the relationship between their structure and antioxidant effects and the mechanism underlying their oxidation resistance remain unclear. A forced degradation study using three iridoid valepotriates (valtrate, acevaltrate and 1-β acevaltrate) was performed in this work, and the structures of their degradation products were estimated by TLC-MS and LC-MS. Comparison of the antioxidant activities of the iridoid valepotriates before and after forced degradation revealed that degradation reduced the activities of the iridoid valepotriates in free radical scavenging and cytotoxic and cell apoptosis tests. The results suggested that the oxirane nucleus is important for defining the antioxidant profile of iridoid valepotriate. We uncovered possible mechanisms that could explain the antioxidant activities, including the generation of two hydroxyl groups through intramolecular transfer of an H• from an oxirane ring and a reduction in ROS levels through interactions with GABAergic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shouhai Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Liu J, Liu Y, Pan YJ, Zu YG, Tang ZH. Determination of Alkaloids inCatharanthus roseusandVinca minorby High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1094664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Singh DK, Sahu A, Handa T, Narayanam M, Singh S. Study of the forced degradation behavior of prasugrel hydrochloride by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with NMR detection and prediction of the toxicity of the characterized degradation products. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2995-3005. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Tarun Handa
- Biocon-BMS R&D Centre (BBRC); Biocon Park Bangalore India
| | | | - Saranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
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Talluri MVNK, Keshari KK, Kalariya PD, Srinivas R. Selective separation and characterization of the stress degradation products of ondansetron hydrochloride by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1625-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murali V. N. Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; IDPL R&D Campus Balanagar Hyderabad India
| | - Kundan Kumar Keshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; IDPL R&D Campus Balanagar Hyderabad India
| | - Pradipbhai D. Kalariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; IDPL R&D Campus Balanagar Hyderabad India
| | - Ragampeta Srinivas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; IDPL R&D Campus Balanagar Hyderabad India
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
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Djabrouhou N, Guermouche MH. Development of a stability-indicating HPLC method of etifoxine with characterization of degradation products by LC-MS/TOF, 1H and 13C NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:11-20. [PMID: 25117950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new LC-MS/TOF method for the degradation products determination when Etifoxine (ETI) is submitted to different stress conditions. Chromatography is performed by using Kromasil C18 column (250mm×4.6mm, 5μm particle size). The selected mobile phase consists of formate buffer 0.02M, pH 3 and methanol (70/30, v/v). ETI is submitted to oxidative, acidic, basic, hydrolytic, thermal and UV light degradations. Detection is made at 254nm by photodiode array detector and mass spectrometry. A number of degradation products (DPs) called DPA, DPB, DPC and DPD are found depending on the stress; DPA with heat, DPA and DPB in acidic media or under UV-light; DPA, DPB and DPC under basic stress; DPA, DPB, DPC and DPD with oxidation. LC-MS/TOF is used to characterize the four DPs of ETI resulting from different stress conditions. (1)H and (13)C NMR are used to confirm the DP structures. The ETI fragmentation pathway is proposed. The method is validated with reference to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and ETI are selectively determined in presence of its DPs, demonstrating its stability-indicating nature. Finally, for the validation step, specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision are determined for ETI and its DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Djabrouhou
- Laboratoire de chromatographie, Faculté de chimie, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16133 Alger, Algeria
| | - Moulay-Hassane Guermouche
- Laboratoire de chromatographie, Faculté de chimie, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16133 Alger, Algeria.
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